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POP QUIZ
POP QUIZ
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This pop quiz assesses your understanding on Chapters 1 and 2.
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1
Sarah decides to invest in the stock based on her positive feelings towards the CEO. An example of affect heuristic is:
Sarah decides not to invest because she dislikes the CEO.
Sarah decides not to invest because the financial reports are negative
Sarah decides to invest because the financial reports are positive.
Sarah decides to invest because she likes the CEO.
2
Which of the following subfields of psychology studies mental processes, including perception, attention, and memory?
Clinical psychology
Developmental psychology
Cognitive psychology
Social psychology
3
Which of the following is a key concept in psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud regarding the unconscious mind?
The unconscious mind is influenced by societal norms
The unconscious mind does not play a role in shaping human behavior.
The unconscious mind is not accessible to conscious awareness.
The unconscious mind is identical to the conscious mind.
4
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that involves:
Estimating the probability of an event based on the most available examples
Judging the likelihood of an event based on its similarity to a prototype
Predicting the likelihood of an event based on past experience
Making a decision based on the last piece of information received
5
Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?
Forgetting where you parked your car
Being unable to remember the names of your family members
Forgetting what you had for breakfast this morning
Being unable to remember events that occurred before a head injury
6
Which of the following statements is true about the biopsychosocial perspective proposed by George Engel?
Physical, psychological and social factors affect human health and illness.
Social and environmental factors that contribute to mental illness.
individuals have complete control over their health
Alll psychological disorders have biological origins.
7
A scientist questions the validity of the new theory and tests it using the scientific method. What is he practising?
Pseudoscience
Confirmation bias
Scientific skepticism
Belief perseverance
8
Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference in memory?
Remembering the way to an old friend's house after receiving direction
Forgetting how to ride a bike after learning how to drive a car
Remembering your first phone number after years of not using it
Recalling the name of a person you met last week
9
Which of the following is NOT an application of Occam's Razor?
In artistic expression
In scientific research
In mathematical proofs
In criminal investigations
10
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Working and Episodic Memory
Sensory and Short-term Memory
Raw memory and short-term memory
Explicit and Implicit Memory
11
A manager only seeks feedback from employees who agree with their decisions and ignores those who disagree. This is:
Belief perseverance
Hindsight bias
Group polarization
Confirmation bias
12
Which of the following best represents William James' view on the purpose of consciousness, in his functionalist theory?
To uncover the structure of the mind and its underlying components
To analyze the unconscious motives and desires that drive behavior
To understand the dynamic function and adaptive value of the mind
To identify the fundamental laws that govern human behavior and thought
13
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the gestalt approach in psychology by Max Wertheimer?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Behavior is shaped by environmental factors.
Psychology is the study of behavior.
Humans are born with innate knowledge.
14
Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?
Forming a new opinion based on a friend's recommendation
Admitting you were wrong and apologizing for a mistake
Changing political affiliation after researching both sides of an issue
Believing in the health benefits of a diet despite evidence to the contrary
15
What is Occam's Razor?
A law of physics
A principle used to determine the simplest explanation for a phenomenon
A law of physics
A tool used in shaving
16
Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?
Using astrology to predict the future
Conducting a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis
Using statistics to analyze data and draw conclusions
Reviewing peer-reviewed research articles to inform a decision
17
A teenager convinces their parents to let them go to a party because everyone at school is going. What fallacy is this?
Bandwagon fallacy
Emotional fallacy
False dilemma fallacy
Not me fallacy
18
Which of the following is an example of memory decay?
Remembering the day you got your first pet
Retrieving a phone number that you learned a year ago
Forgetting the name of someone you met ten years ago.
Recalling a childhood memory with vivid detail
19
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
Riding a bike without thinking about the specific movements involved
Recalling the name of the capital city of a country
Memorizing a recipe for a cake
Remembering your best friend's phone number
20
What type of long-term memory is responsible for skills and habits?
Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
Implicit memory
21
Which of the following statements best describes the representative heuristic?
Judge someone or something based on typical resemblances.
People tend to overestimate the probability of rare events.
Judge the likelihood of an event based on easy instances
It is the outcome of a random event
22
Which type of long-term memory is responsible for general knowledge and facts?
Episodic Memory
Short-term Memory
Sensory Memory
Semantic Memory
23
Which of the following statements about procedural memory is true?
It is the memory of personal experiences.
It is the memory of general knowledge.
It is the memory of skills and habits.
It is the memory of facts and events.
24
Which of the following is an example of emotional fallacy?
A teacher presenting evidence-based research to support a lesson plan
A salesperson using scare tactics to sell a product
A scientist conducting experiments to test a hypothesis
A doctor diagnosing a patient based on physical symptoms.
25
Which of the following best describes functional fixedness in problem-solving?
Relying on previously learned strategies when facing new problems
overlook obvious solutions to problems.
ignore information that contradicts one's preconceptions.
Object seen as only useful for its function.
26
Which of the following is an example of recognition in basic memory tasks?
Recalling your phone number from memory
Reciting a poem from memory
Identifying a familiar face in a crowd
Memorizing a list of grocery items
27
Mental images are:
Verbal descriptions of objects or events
Physical sensations experienced in response to stimuli
Visual representations of objects or events that are not physically present
Auditory representations of sounds or speech
28
Which of the following statements best represents the central tenet of behaviourism?
Human behaviour is influenced by a complex interaction of nature
Human behaviour is a product of environmental factors and conditioning.
Human behaviour is determined mainly by genetics and inherited traits.
Human behaviour is a result of innate and unconscious processes.
29
Which of the following psychology subfields is focused on studying personality traits and their impact on behaviour?
Personality psychology
Clinical psychology
Developmental psychology
Social psychology
30
Which of the following best describes the main method used in introspection, an essential structuralist technique?
Conducting experiments to test observable behavior
Analysing the unconscious mind through free association
Studying the ways in which individuals adapt to their environment
Observing and describing one's own thoughts and feelings
31
According to the encoding specificity principle, which of the following is most likely to improve memory retrieval?
Elaborating on the meaning of the information during encoding
Retrieving information in the same context in which it was encoded
Rehearsing information repeatedly
Using mnemonic devices
32
Which of the following statements best describes naive realism?
The world exists independently
Our perceptions of the world are always distorted and unreliable.
Our previous experiences and beliefs shape our perceptions of the world.
Our perceptions of the world are accurate representations of reality.
33
Which of the following is an example of encoding in the process of memory?
Using previous knowledge to make inferences
Retrieving information from memory when prompted
Holding information in memory over a period of time
Transforming sensory information into a meaningful form
34
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
Unlimited
7 +/- 2 items
3 items
5 items
35
What type of long-term memory is responsible for conscious recollection of information?
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
Implicit memory
Explicity memory
36
Concepts are mental representations of:
Introspect
Physical objects
Sensory experiences
Abstract ideas or categories
37
Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?
Forgetting your new phone number because of a head injury
Forgetting a new password because of your old password is interfering.
Forgetting the name of a new colleague because you were distracted
Calling your ex-girlfriend by your current girlfriend's name
38
Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?
Asking a friend to counterargue your opinion before making a decision
Reading news articles from a variety of sources to form an opinion
Admitting when you are wrong and changing your beliefs accordingly
Searching for evidence that confirms your beliefs.
39
Which of the following best describes belief perseverance?
Believe something because it is popular or frequently repeated.
Make judgments based on the most recent information received.
Cling to initial beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence.
Rely on the most easily available information when making judgments.
40
What heuristic is at play when Sarah decides to drive instead of fly because of news reports about airplane crashes?
Anchoring heuristic
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Confirmation bias
41
Which of the following is an example of emotional fallacy?
A mathematician using formula and equation to solve a problem
A musician performing a piece with emotion and passion.
A chef presenting a recipe with precise measurements
A politician using personal attacks against their opponent
42
Which type of memory is consciously and intentionally recalled?
Semantic Memory
Semantic and Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory
None of the above
43
What is the first stage in the memory stage model?
Long-term Memory
Episodic memory
Short-term Memory
Sensory Memory
44
Which of the following key concept of humanistic perspective in psychology was proposed by Carl Rogers?
Self-awareness
Introspection
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
45
Which of the following goals of psychology involves changing behaviour through various interventions?
Control
Understand
Predict
Describe
46
Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?
A 'magical cure' to all diseases
A scientific study published in a peer-reviewed journal
A scientific theory that has been revised based on new evidence.
A medication supported by rigorous clinical trials
47
Which type of long-term memory is responsible for personal experiences and events?
Sensory Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
Short-term Memory
48
Which of the following statements is an example of negative punishment in operant conditioning?
Giving an employee a bonus for meeting their sales targets
Giving a child a candy for cleaning their room
Praising a student for getting an A on a test
Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew
49
Which of the following is an example of relearning in basic memory tasks?
Reviewing material previously learned in class
Memorizing information from a single exposure
Studying for a test for the first time
Recalling information without any prior review
50
Which of the following best describes cue-dependent forgetting?
The inability to remember information through classical conditioning
The inability to remember information that was not encoded properly
The inability to remember information in the absence of a retrieval cue
The inability to remember events that occurred during childhood
