March Exam - Memory

Pickel proposed that weapon focus was due to surprise rather than anxiety

Average speed reported for 'contacted'

1 week later, what was the critical question?

Gabbert's study has good_____ validity

Which witnesses were most accurate in their account of the shooting?

L+P's sample was 45 American students

What % of the time was the man holding the pen identified?

Which types of LTM are explicit?

When are procedural memories usually acquired?

HM could learn implicit tasks but not explicit information

A conscious effort is required to retrieve episodic memories

What did Centofanti + Reece say

What did Kebbel + Wagstaff say?

L+P's results show a single word can significantly effect the accuracy of our judgement

Where possible to confirm, over 90% info found to be accurate

What additional elements are in the enhanced cognitive interview?

Who was involved in Belleville's study?

Tulving et al found episodic memory associated with the ...

Control group reported most broken glass, 'smashed' reported the least

Tulving et al found procedural memory associated with the ...

Semantic memories are generally stronger than episodic

Who reported Johnson + Scott's finding on anxiety?

60% said the girl was guilty despite not actually seeing her commit the crime

Which types of validity did Loftus and Palmer's research lack?

Which statements are true of Yuille + Cutshall's study?

Who investigated the effectiveness of the cognitive interview?

Loftus claimed this was due to the 'weapon focus effect'

Understanding different types of LTM has real-world application

Who developed the enhanced cognitive interview?

What are the 3 specific elements of an episodic memory?

What is implicit memory?

PM's implicit memory affected, but explicit memory for reading and writing remained intact

Average speed reported for 'smashed'

Milner studied HM, which bit of his brain was removed

What was Gieselman's sample?

Who argued EWT could be improved if the police used better techniques

What are the practical issues with the CI?

The CI recalled a lot more incorrect items

L+P manipulated the verb for each group, which verbs did they use

Tulving et al found semantic memory associated with the ...

Which other technique also disrupts the effects of schemas?

What % of p's recalled info they had not seen?

Both groups were shown 50 photographs and asked to identify the target, who may or may not be in them

What experimental design was used in Loftus's study and what were the conditions

It's really easy to lie when recalling events in a reversed order

The 4 main technique can be remembered as...

What % of more information did the detectives trained in CI elicit?

Loftus and Palmer (2) sample

Who studied PM, amnesia sufferer

How many days later were they then interviewed with either the CI or SI?

Gabbert's study has questionable _____ validity

What % of the time was the man holding the knife correctly identified?

Who raised questions about the true cause of weapon focus?

Support for distinction of LTM comes from case studies of HM and PM

Reporting everything may trigger other important details

Reversing the order of events helps disrupt effect of schema's

Which types of LTM are implicit?

Who investigated the effect of real life anxiety on the accuracy of memory recall

Why do these case studies need to be treated with caution?

What factors affect eye witness testimony

What does reinstating the context relate to?

What was Gabbert's sample?

Semantic memories are 'timestamped' in the same way as episodic memories

Who studied post-event discussion?

Identifying different types of LTM provides an opportunity to improve people's lives through devising treatments

Loftus and Palmer investigated the effects of.....

What is explicit memory?

How are procedural memories acquired?

We can conclude the CI is effective in increasing quantity of info

Semantic memories often start as episodic memories

L+P's research was highly controlled, reducing the risk of extraneous variables

What is the strength of episodic memory determined by?

What were the average number of correct items recalled?

Yuille + Cutshall concluded real life anxiety has a ____ effect on accuracy of memory recall

The p's in the co-witness group saw the same video

What else were the p's asked about the time of the incident

P's who received memory training did better in a test of episodic memory

P's could have left Loftus's study feeling especially stressed if they knew someone involved in knife crime

What were the 3 conditions is L+P's 2nd study?

Who supported different types of LTM with neuroimaging evidence?

This highlights post-event discussion has very little effect on the accuracy of EWT

All p's then completed a questionnaire, testing their memory of the event

Full conclusions from Gabbert's research can be made because we know why the distortion occurs

In Pickel's study, which condition was identification the worst

Which type of validity was Loftus criticised for lacking?

Fisher provided further research for the effectiveness of CI?

Implicit memories are largely unconscious

Research into EWT is an area psychologists believe can make a positive impact by improving the legal system

Which ethical guidelines were broken in Loftus's study?