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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
evolutionary
biological
psychodynamic
2
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
3
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
biological
4
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
5
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
EEG
MRI
6
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
7
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
8
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
9
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
10
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
REBT
11
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
standard deviation
correlation coeifficient
a mean that is the same as the median
probability
12
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
13
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
14
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
15
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
16
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
17
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
18
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
19
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
20
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
21
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
22
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
23
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
linear perspective
24
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
25
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
26
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
27
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
28
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
29
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
30
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
31
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
32
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
33
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
34
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
35
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
36
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
37
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
38
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
39
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
40
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
41
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
theory Y
approach-avoidance
postconventional
42
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
43
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
44
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
sleep spindles and k complexes
45
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
46
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
47
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
48
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
49
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
50
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
51
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
52
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
53
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
54
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
in-group bias
individualism
compliance strategies
55
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
56
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
leading questions
relearning effect
57
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
58
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
59
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
60
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
61
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
62
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
63
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
64
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
65
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
66
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
67
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
68
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
69
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
70
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
71
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
72
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
73
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
modes
outliers
normally distributed
74
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
75
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
76
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
77
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
78
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
sight
touch
79
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
behavior shaping
token economy
higher-order conditioning
80
The WISC is a...
Personality inventory
Intelligence test
personality test
none of these
81
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
environment
temperament
culture
82
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
83
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
84
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
85
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
86
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
87
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
hypothalamus
88
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
standard deviation
median
range
89
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
90
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
91
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
social facilitation
disinhibition
92
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
93
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
94
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
95
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
standardization
aptitude measures
construct validity
96
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
97
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
98
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
difference threshold
99
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
100
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
101
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
102
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
103
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
universal ethical principles
conservation
attachment
104
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
retina
fovea
blind spot
105
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
106
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
107
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
108
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
phoneme
holobase
morpheme
109
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
110
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
111
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
112
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
touch
sight
113
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
114
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
115
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
116
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
117
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
118
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
behavioral
situational
119
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
partial
primary
120
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
121
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
122
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
123
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
124
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
125
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
126
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
127
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
128
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
129
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
130
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
late 40s
131
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
132
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
133
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
134
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
135
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
136
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
137
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
138
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
139
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
140
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
archetypes
141
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
142
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
143
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
Moro
stepping
144
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
projection
sublimation
displacement
145
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
146
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
147
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
assimilation
attachment
148
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
149
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
triarchic
achievement
projective
150
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
151
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
152
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
153
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
154
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
155
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
156
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
157
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
158
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
159
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
160
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
optic nerve
rods
161
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
162
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
163
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
naturalistic observation
experiment