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Graver AP Psych Final Review
Graver AP Psych Final Review
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1
The autonomic nervous system is divided into:
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
somatic and sympathetic nervous system
central and peripheral nervous system
somatic and central nervous system
2
All sensory signals (except smell) pass through this before being routed to the cortex
hypothalamus
sensory cortex
thalamus
hippocampus
3
This picture shoes an experiment on the concept of:
fixation
theory of mind
egocentrism
conservation
4
Hormones are the ___ while neurotransmitters are to the ____.
dendrites; synapses
nervous system; endocrine system
endocrine system; nervous system
frontal lobe; temporal lobe
5
There is a neg correlation b/w income and dental problems. Which conclusion is correct?
As income goes up the likelihood of dental problems decrease
Having higher income causes fewer dental problems
As income goes up, dental care needs go up
As income increase, dental procedures become more affordable
6
In order for extinction to occur, the __ is omitted while the __ continues to be presented
CS is omitted; UCS is presented
UCR is omitted; CS is presented
UCR is omitted; NS is presented
UCS is omitted; CS is presented
7
The behavioral perspective emphasizedthe importance of:
thinking
self-actualization
genetics
learning
8
Egocentrism goes away:
once a child develops self-actualization
once a child develops a sense of self
once a child develops theory of mind
once a child develops post-conventional morality
9
Babies who could not be comforted when mom returned during Ainsworth's study were said to be:
insecure-avoidant
secure
insecure resistant
disorganized
10
A drug that blocks reuptake is:
an agonist
an antagonist
a neurotransmitter
all of the above
11
Which part of the brain processes sound?
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
12
In a drug study, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is getting the real drug
controlled study
double-blind study
randomly assigned study
placebo effect
13
People who are intrinsically motivated tend to
be less creative and less effective
work less and enjoy their work less
work harder and enjoy their work more
more eagerly look forward to rewards like paychecks
14
a period during which some crucial experience will have a peak effect on development / learning
crucial span
language acquisition device
linguistic determinism
critical period
15
Parents who consistently demand their children's compliance without discussion are:
authoritarian parents
neglectful parents
authoritative parents
permissive parents
16
Neuroticism, openness, and extraversion are all:
protective factors against depression
Psychosexual stages
traits in the Big 5
symptoms of schizophrenia
17
A behavioral psychologist is more likely to study:
formation of emotional attachments to significant others
genetic basis for schizophrenic disorders
perceived locus of control of adults with panic attacks
effects of token economies on children with emotional issues
18
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list is called:
flashbulb memory
serial positioning effect
self reference effect
semantic memory
19
Applying grammatical rules where they do not apply is called:
Language acquisition device
Overgeneralization
Mental Set
Linguistic relativity
20
Which perspective focuses on the potential for human growth and self-actualization?
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
21
A standardized test must have all the following EXCEPT
norms
uniform instructions
multiple-choice questions
reliability
22
This refers to aspects of personality that are innate rather than learned.
instinct
temperament
attachment
aptitude
23
The entire group that is actively participating in a research study is called the:
sample
population
experimental group
single blind study group
24
If you retake an IQ test and you keep scoring around the same low number, the test is apparently
reliable
valid
skewed
an example of self-serving bias
25
Which of the following would be considered statistically significant?
r=.5
p=.1
r=.03
p=.04
26
Many more people believe that sharks are more dangerous than dogs because of:
algorithms
representativeness heurisitc
false belief phenomenon
availability heuristic
27
Which lobe of the brain is represented by the number 3?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
28
Surgical destruction of the frontal lobe is called:
hemispherectomy
plasticity
lobotomy
lobe-interence
29
Which of these correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship?
r = - .1998
r = -.097
r = +.091
r = +.41
30
Signal detection theory states that __ can change according to expectations, motivation, etc
frequency theory
absolute threshold
Webber's law
difference thresholds
31
If you damaged this part of the brain you may have trouble breathing
cerebellum
medulla
thalamus
pons
32
Most psychologists agree that this parenting style is the most effective and healthiest:
secure attachment
permissive
authoritarian
authoritative
33
What did Asch study?
Stages of psychosocial development
Bystander effect
The power of a psychiatric diagnosis
Conformity
34
If a student does well in college, but scored low on the SAT, the SAT may have low:
statistical signficance
validity
reliability
aptitude
35
Which terms refers to all mental activity associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering?
schema
prototype
cognition
syntax
36
Which sleep stage gets longer as the night goes on?
Stage 3
Stage 1
REM
Stage 2
37
Client-centered therapy tries to understand their client's view of the world. This is an ex. of
unconditional positive regard
empathy
reflection
congruence
38
___ would relay the pain of a burned finger to your spinal cord and brain.
The efferent neurons
The central nervous system
The somatic nervous system
The afferent neurons
39
The ___ receives the placebo:
experimental group
popluation
sample
control group
40
The diagram depicts the human body's
parasympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
immune system
somatic nervous system
41
Frequent waking during sleep due to cessations in breathing is:
narcolepsy
somnambulism
sleep apnea
insomnia
42
When Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at at tone, the food was:
the conditioned response
the unconditioned stimulus
the conditioned stimulus
the unconditioned response
43
Difficulty remembering recently learned material b/c past learned info is an example of:
repression
reconstruction
proactive interference
retroactive interference
44
Which of the following is true about the blind-spot of the eye?
it is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina
it is most apparent in low levels of illumination
it occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye
It is stimulated by high levels of illumination
45
A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
conservation
sensitization
habituation
all of the above
46
A dog bit Joe when he was 5. Now he believes all dogs bite. This is an example of:
Iconic reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Explicit reasoning
47
What can you tell me about this distribution curve?
68% of the sample scored between +/-1 standard deviation
The data has a very high outlier
The data has a very low outlier
The mean, median, and mode are all equal
48
Psychologists who carefully study preschoolers in their home environments are using:
the single-blind study
the case study
the survey
experimentation
49
Transduction for hearing occurs in the ___ while transduction for sight occurs in the ___
ear drum; pupil
auditory nerve; optic nerve
ear canal; iriry s
cochlea; retina
50
The motor cortex is located in the:
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
somatosensory cortex
frontal lobe
51
Which is the correct order of information leaving the eye?
rods/cones, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells, optic nerve
ganglionic cells, bipolar cells,optic nerve, rods/cones
bipolar cells, rods/cones, ganglionic cells, optic nerves
optic nerve, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells, rods/cones
52
Tim spilled water on a letter and smeared a couple of words. He can still read it b/c of:
parallel processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
retinal disparity
53
This is the result of a:
EEG
CAT scan
PET scan
F-MRI
54
The __ surrounds the pupil
cornea
iris
retina
rods and cones
55
Changing or creating a new schema is called:
representativeness heuristic
funtional fixedness
assimilation
accomodation
56
Which of the would most likely be used for an EEG?
to see what part of the brain is functioning while speaking
to analyze sleep patterns
to locate a brain tumor
to find a source of bleeding in the brain
57
Erickson's theory says that __ is the crisis in adolescents
generativity vs stagnation
intimacy vs isolation
initiative vs guilt
identity vs role confusion
58
In Ainsworth's study, an infant that is indifferent to mom's leaving or return is most likely:
insecure-resistantly attached
exhibiting disorganized attachment
insecure-avoidantly attached
securely attached
59
What did Ancel Key's study?
Hypnosis
Obedience
Starvation
Attachment
60
Sensation is to perception as ___ is to ___.
detection; interpretation
organization; accomodation
interpretation; organization
encoding; detection
61
The most common kind of encoding is:
rehearsal
peg-word system
chunking
priming
62
The two word stage of language development typically begins at:
6 years
2 years
4 years
6 months
63
The tendency to ignore information that contradicts your assumptions is:
functional fixedness
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
heuristic
64
Max lost the ability to feel pain in his left arm. There is most likely damage to what area?
Right front lobe
Right parietal lobe
Right temporal lobe
Right occipital lobe
65
If you are spanked for taking off your seat belt as a toddler, your parents are using:
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
66
Which monocular depth cue is illustrated in the figure below?
relative size
interposition
linear perspective
texture gradient
67
Skinner studied ___ conditioning.
operant
classical
learned
observational
68
People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have
a panic disorder
a compulsion
a phobia
an affective disorder
69
Results of a correlational study in a psych lab might not be generalizable because:
lab environments are too artificial to get accurate results
in a correlational study, no variables are manipulated
only experimental studies apply to the general population
the sample isn't randomly chosen so it's not representative
70
It may be hard to learn sounds that are not in your native language because of:
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
semantics
71
Hypothesis: Drug x lowers cholesterol. What is the independent variable?
Drug X
Amount of drug X taken and how often
Cholesterol Level
All of the above
72
Your cat learns that the sound of a can opener means food. This is an example of:
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
observational conditioning
73
Metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of:
CAT
PET
MRI
EEG
74
According to Freud, which part of personality resembles the idea of conscience?
Id
Superego
Ego
Libido
75
Hypotheses are:
assumptions
explanations
predictions
replications
76
Rose is to flower as ___ is to ___
schema; prototype
accomodation; assimilation
concept; schema
prototype; schema
77
A study that follows the same group of people over years or even decades is called:
a correlational study
a cross-sectional study
a standardized study
a longitudinal study
78
Which of the following is true of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) SSRI)?
It is an antagonist for dopamine
It is an agonist for serotonin
It is an antagonist for serotonin
It is an agonist for dopamine
79
The tendency to group things in organized wholes instead of individual pieces:
cognitive dissonance
gestalt
mental set
opponent processing
80
What is represented by the letter D?
terminal button
neurotransmitter
myelin sheath
dendrite
81
Calling all 4 legged animals puppies is an example of:
mere-exposure effect
assimilation
accomodation
cognitive dissonance
82
Receptors for olfaction are located
on the basilar membrane
in the nasal cavity
in the taste buds of the tongue
in the dermis
83
The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body is called:
axon
dendrite
synapse
soma
84
The idea that intelligence can be measured by one number is:
general intelligence
savant syndrome
analytical intelligence
multiple intelligence
85
Seligman studied ___
Behaviorism
Learned helplessness
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
86
An evolutionary psychologist would explain the desire for social acceptance and interaction is
due to the need for achievement
due to the need for individualism
due to the need for survival
due to the need for self-actualization
87
Which of the following can reduce the affect of extraneous variable?
Random selection
Random assignment
Large sample size
All are correct
88
Which of the following would explain PTSD as a result of irrational beliefs and ideas?
cognitive
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
gestalt
89
In Loftus' study of memory reconstruction, the major influence on recall was:
length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident
wording of questions the students were asked
age and sex of the students
number of pictures the students were shown of the accident
90
The __ cells bind together to form the optic nerve
rods and cones
bipolar
retina
ganglionic
91
Explaining how much and how often your sample took a drug is called:
the random sample
the operational definition
the control group effect
the sample size
92
Which is the correct sequence of prenatal development?
embryo, fetus, zygote
zygote, embryo, fetus
fetus, zygote, embryo
embryo, zygote, fetus
93
Which part of the neuron is represented by the number 1?
Dendrite
Myelin sheath
Terminal branch
Axon
94
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus turns into the:
unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
95
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the:
Temporal lobe
Ossicles
Stereocilia
Ear drum
96
The process by which group decisions may be distorted b/c different viewpoints aren't discussed
pluralistic ignorance
group polarization
social loafing
groupthink