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AP Psych Exam Review COMBO Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam Review COMBO
AP Psych Exam Review COMBO
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1
What did the visual cliff experiment study?
Infant attachment
Language acquisition
Parenting styles
Depth perception
2
Lobe responsible for vision.
temporal
occipital
parietal
frontal
3
Which chemicals pass the synapse and increase the possibility the next neuron will fire?
synaptic peptides
inhibitory neurotransmitters
adrenaline-type exciters
excitatory neurotransmitters
4
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
endorphin
5
What is an example of positive reinforcement?
Losing privileges for talking back
Getting grounded for missing curfew
Taking painkillers to remove pain
Giving a child candy for good behavior
6
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are framing them
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
are developing a schema
7
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
8
After a neuron fires, this is the time where the neuron must wait to fire again.
action potential
refractory period
resting potential
threshold
9
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
modeled
encoded
retrieved
10
An athlete performs better in a competitive setting with an audience compared to practicing alone. This shows
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
social loafing
11
Which of these glands interacts most directly with all others to help regulate body process?
thyroids
pituitary
parathyriods
adrenals
12
What type of learning is associated with involuntary responses?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
13
According to Erikson, what is the primary challenge of adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
Generativity vs. stagnation
Trust vs. mistrust
Intimacy vs. isolation
14
A child asks their parents for a new video game. When refused, the child asks for a smaller item, like trading cards.
Halo effect
Central route persuasion
Foot-in-the-door technique
Door-in-the-face technique
15
What does incentive theory suggest about behavior?
Behavior is driven by the need to maintain homeostasis
Behavior is mainly motivated by external rewards
Behavior is solely influenced by unconscious processes
Behavior is determined by achieving an optimal level of arousal
16
According to the idea of semantic encoding, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
17
A drug that reduces central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a depressant
a stimulant
18
Piaget's stages of cognitive development begin with which stage?
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
Formal operational
Preoperational
19
A dog conditioned to drool at a bell also drools at a similar-sounding bell. This is an example of:
Extinction
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
20
My friend's personality just changed rapidly and she became very irritible. What's damaged?
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
frontal lobe
21
What is the primary function of the hormone ghrelin?
Suppress hunger and signal satiety
Regulate metabolic rate
Increase energy storage in fat cells
Stimulate hunger by signaling the brain to eat
22
Which neurotransmitter is affected by antidepressant drugs, like Prozac?
acetylcholine
serotonin
morphine
endorphins
23
Lack of the neurotransmitter ACh (Acetylcholine) is most associated with which of the following diseases?
Alzheimer's
Schizophrenia
Depression
Parkinsons
24
Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?
Praise
Money
Food
Trophies
25
What is egocentrism in Piaget’s preoperational stage?
The ability to understand abstract concepts
The idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape
The belief that everyone sees the world from your perspective
The inability to recognize objects
26
What is the key difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
Cross-sectional studies look at one group over time
Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one point in time
Longitudinal studies examine different people at the same time
Longitudinal studies compare different age groups
27
The amygdala would most play a role in regulating which emotion?
sadness
surprise
fear
happiness
28
Neurotransmitter related to pain and pleasure
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Serotonin
Dopamine
29
Which is an example of negative punishment?
Giving a reward for good grades
Ignoring bad behavior
Taking away a toy after bad behavior
Spanking a child for misbehavior
30
A person who enjoys activities like bungee jumping and mountain climbing most likely shows
Disinhibition
Experience seeking
Boredom susceptibility
Thrill or adventure seeking
31
Specific part of the nervous system that sends calming neural messages
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Autonomic
32
Lobe responsible for touch sensations and perceiving spatial relationships.
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
33
Which of the following is an example of a critical period in development?
Memorizing facts for a test
Learning to tie your shoes
Learning algebra in high school
Developing language skills in early childhood
34
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest and most consistent response rate?
Fixed interval
Variable ratio
Variable interval
Fixed ratio
35
Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response (UCR)?
A dog barking at the doorbell
A dog salivating when food is placed in its mouth
A dog sitting on command
A dog salivating when hearing a bell
36
Establishes long term memory.
reticular formation
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
37
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
proximity
constancy
38
Belief perseverance is demonstrated when:
Someone changes their belief to align with their actions
A person maintains their belief despite evidence contradicting it
A person learns to conform to authority figures
Individuals alter their attitudes based on group norms
39
In a meeting, everyone agrees on a risky decision because no one wants to disrupt the apparent consensus.
Social traps
Group polarization
False consensus effect
Groupthink
40
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
41
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
Salivation
Lights
Bell
Food
42
Neurotransmitter related to pleasure and motivation
Dopamine
Endorphins
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
43
Lobe responsible for processing sounds (auditory cortex) and storing long term auditory memory.
parietal
temporal
occipital
frontal
44
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
45
What did Harlow’s research with monkeys demonstrate about attachment?
Physical contact is unnecessary for attachment
Infants attach to caregivers who provide food
Attachment depends on reinforcement
Comfort and security are more important than food in attachment
46
Which of the following illustrates the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions?
A person feels anxious b4 identifying the reason for their physical tension
A person smiles and automatically feels happy
A person experiences nervousness and labels it as excitement
A person reacts physiologically without interpreting the situation
47
What process explains why people experience discomfort when their actions conflict with their beliefs?
Cognitive dissonance
Belief perseverance
Confirmation bias
Implicit bias
48
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates extrinsic motivation?
An employee works overtime to earn a bonus
A student studies because they enjoy learning
A musician practices for the satisfaction of mastering their craft
A person exercises to improve their overall well-being
49
Which brain region is primarily responsible for regulating hunger and satiety signals?
Prefrontal cortex
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Amygdala
50
Core of the brain stem - keeps the brain alert and attentive (arousal)
pons
reticular formation
medulla
amygdala
51
Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?
Prenatal vitamins
Hot sauce
Exercise
Alcohol
52
Lobe responsible for planning, reasoning, & judment (thinking) as well as movement.
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
53
Studies show the mere exposure effect;
If personalities clash at first, you'll fall for each other
The more time you spend with someone, the more you like them
The more time you spend with someone, the less you like them
Upon initial mtg, people know how they feel about each other
54
What is spontaneous recovery?
The ability to discriminate between similar stimuli
A process in operant conditioning
The disappearance of a conditioned response
The sudden return of a conditioned response after extinction
55
In classical conditioning, what is extinction?
The process of reinforcing a behavior
The sudden reappearance of a response
The disappearance of a conditioned response
Learning to associate a new stimulus
56
Brain stem structure that controls breathing and heart rate.
medulla
pons
amygdala
cerebral cortex
57
Attributing a student's high score to the student’s natural intelligence, rather than the ease of the tests, is making
a dispositional attribution
A pessimistic attribution
an attribution grounded in external causes
a situtional attribution
58
Which of the following best describes assimilation?
Fitting new information into an existing schema
Changing a schema to fit new information
Forgetting previously learned information
Learning through scaffolding
59
What did Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment demonstrate?
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Animism
60
A popular influencer endorses a brand of energy drinks, resulting in increased sales. This demonstrates
Peripheral route persuasion
Foot-in-the-door technique
Central route persuasion
Door-in-the-face technique
61
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
tumor ligation
ESB
62
What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law suggest about performance?
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
High arousal always leads to better performance
High arousal is ideal for complex tasks and low arousal for simple tasks
Low arousal is ideal for complex and high arousal is ideal for simple tasks
63
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Punishment is more effective than reinforcement
Reinforcement and punishment always decrease behavior
Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases it
Reinforcement only applies to rewards
64
During a team project, some members exert less effort because they believe their contributions won’t be noticed. This is
social facilitation
group polarization
social loafing
deindividuation
65
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
66
What is an example of a variable-interval schedule?
Getting a free drink after buying 5 coffees
Checking your email at random times throughout the day
Winning a prize for every 10th lottery ticket
Getting paid every two weeks
67
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
sensory
68
Which of the following is an example of a behavior explained by drive reduction theory?
A person volunteers for personal satisfaction
A personal studies to win an award
A person drinks water to satisfy their thirst
A person seeks adventure through extreme sports
69
What is a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical is based on associations, while operant is based on consequences
Classical conditioning is used to teach complex skills
Operant conditioning involves neutral stimuli
Classical conditioning involves voluntary behavior
70
What is the major milestone of the sensorimotor stage?
Development of object permanence
Development of abstract thinking
Development of logical reasoning
Development of conservation
71
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
structural processing
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
72
What is learned helplessness?
Learning without reinforcement
Mimicking behaviors seen in others
Learning that persistence leads to success
Giving up after repeated failure
73
Which type of motor development involves large movements like walking?
Fine motor skills
Gross motor skills
Cognitive development
Reflexes
74
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
75
I am the communication link between the hemispheres of the brain.
thalamus
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebellum
76
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
77
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
episodic
crystallized
fluid
78
Which of the following is
NOT
a major theme in developmental psychology?
Stability and change
Continuity and stages
Nature and nurture
Introversion and extroversion
79
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
80
A decrease in leptin levels is most likely to result in:
Enhanced satiety signals and decreased food intake
Increased hunger and food intake
Increased metabolic rate
Suppressed appetite and reduced energy storage
81
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
musical
logical-mathematical
spatial
82
What type of learning occurs but is not demonstrated until needed?
Latent learning
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
83
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
reiteration
recognition
84
Cortex in the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement.
motor cortex
somatosensory cortex
frontal cortex
occipital cortex
85
What is the main difference between Piaget and Vygotsky?
Vygotsky focused only on language development
Vygotsky emphasized social learning, Piaget emphasized independent learning
Piaget emphasized social learning, Vygotsky emphasized independent learning
Piaget believed all learning occurs before age 10
86
What type of learning occurs when a person suddenly realizes a solution to a problem?
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Insight learning
Latent learning
87
A manager encourages two conflicting teams to collaborate on a project to reach a mutual goal. This approach uses:
social traps
groupthink
superordinate goals
social facilitation
88
Brain stem structure that regulates brain activity during sleep.
cerebellum
medulla
pons
amygdala
89
What is stimulus generalization?
When an organism learns to differentiate between stimuli
When a conditioned response disappears
When an organism ignores a conditioned stimulus
When a conditioned response spreads to similar stimuli
90
Which attachment style is characterized by distress when a parent leaves and comfort upon return?
Anxious
Avoidant
Disorganized
Secure
91
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic neurons
sympathetic neurons
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons
92
My friend is having trouble walking in a straight line. What's damaged?
Broca's Area
hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebellum
93
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
94
Which parenting style is associated with the best developmental outcomes?
Authoritarian
Permissive
Neglectful
Authoritative
95
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the central route to persuasion?
A politician uses emotional appeals to a campaign speech
A celebrity endorses a brand of shoes, leading to increased sales
A company uses flashy visuals in an advertisement to attract customers
A consumer buys a car after carefully researching its safety features
96
Which of the following is most consistent with the facial-feedback hypothesis?
Emotional experiences are solely determined by cognitive factors
Facial expressions can enhance or influence the experience of emotion
Cognitive labeling determines the intensity of emotions
Facial expressions reflect emotions but do not influence them
97
At a concert, a usually reserved person starts yelling and behaving recklessly due to the anonymity of the crowd.
social facilitation
groupthink
social loafing
deindividuation
98
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
99
Which scenario supports the idea that physiological experiences precede cognitive appraisal in emotions?
A person consciously decides they are happy before smiling
A person feels their heart race and then recognizes they are afraid
A person analyzes their surroundings and then experiences a racing heart
A person ignores physiological cues when labeling their emotions
100
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
