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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
2
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
3
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
fundamental
situational
4
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
5
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
6
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
7
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
8
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
9
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
10
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
11
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
12
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
13
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
proactive interference
14
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
15
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
16
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
17
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
18
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
19
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
20
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
21
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
22
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
23
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
24
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
archetypes
25
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
26
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
27
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
28
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
behavioral
29
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
30
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
31
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
iris
fovea
32
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
33
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : decrease
remove : punish
add : decrease
34
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
35
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
36
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
37
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
reaction formation
sublimation
38
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
39
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
40
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
41
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
42
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
43
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
44
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
45
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
46
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
47
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
48
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
fovea
49
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
50
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
balance
touch
51
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
52
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
53
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
54
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
55
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
56
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
standardization
57
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
58
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
59
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
60
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
61
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
groupthink
social facilitation
group polarization
62
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
63
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
64
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
range
standard deviation
65
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
66
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
67
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
84
50
95
68
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
69
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
episodic memory
70
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
71
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
72
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
dispositional
situational
behavioral
73
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
74
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
75
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
76
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
77
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
78
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
anal stage
phallic stage
79
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
80
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
81
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
82
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
83
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
84
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
85
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
86
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
87
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
88
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
89
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
90
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
91
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
92
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
93
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
94
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
95
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
96
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
97
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
98
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
99
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
100
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
humanistic
101
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
rods
optic nerve
102
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
experiment
correlation study
naturalistic observation
103
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
104
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
clap their hands
105
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
mean
standard deviation
106
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
personality
anixety
107
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
108
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
health psychology
social psychology
109
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
110
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
111
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
112
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
113
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
114
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
115
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
116
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
117
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
modeling
118
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
119
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
120
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
121
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
122
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
rTMS
EEG
PET
123
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
124
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
125
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
126
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
127
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
128
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
129
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
variances
modes
130
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
131
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
environment
family
132
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
133
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
134
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
135
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
136
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
137
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
sight
hearing
touch
138
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
holobase
phoneme
139
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
140
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
141
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
142
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
143
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
144
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
145
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
146
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
147
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
148
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
149
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
150
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
achievement
triarchic
projective
151
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
152
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
153
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
154
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
155
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
156
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
157
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
158
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
159
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
160
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
161
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
162
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
163
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness