The products (combustion) are always carbon dioxide and water, which are both greenhouse gases

TRUE! We should use renewable energy sources!

Any organism that harms humans, crops or structures.

Parts per Millions (where a solution is either air or water) means:

1 particle is found in 1 million particles of solution

Industrial plants are built next to bodies of water because

they are an example of dispersion and dilution

process of breaking down food into smaller pieces/molecules

Heavy metals that found in large concentrations are

usually due to humans (e.g. farming, industry)

Chemicals that land on soil may

be drawn up by plants or ingested by animals, evaporate away, travel down streams or roads, soak into the ground

Too much fertilizer can cause increased plant growth (more oxygen needed for decomposition) so,

The overall dissolved Oxygen amount decreases

The greenhouse effect is an _________________ because of CO2, H2O, CH4, and NOx

increase in Earth’s temperature

When toxins are introduced to an organism it can cause

serious health issues and death

What role do decomposers play in Nitrogen Cycle?

They Break down and turn Nitrides into N2 (normal nitrogen)

Without chemicals such as _____ and ______ green plants wouldn't be able to make sugar for food

Water; CO2, Carbon Dioxide; H2O

Phytoremediation uses light to break down chemicals

FALSE! This is the definition of Photolysis

Organic compounds are

complex molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Pollution is any change in the environment that produces conditions that harm living things

TRUE! Pollution is bad for everyone!

What is an example of pollution?

Cars exhaust Carbon Monoxide, a deadly gas

Chemical indicators include

Dissolved oxygen (needed for animal cells), Plant nutrients (ex: potassium, nitrogen), Acidity (if pH < 5.0, fish die) and Salts (ex: NaCl, MgSO4), Heavy metals (ex: copper, mercury) and Pesticides (ex: DDT)

Air samples are measured in 1 of 2 ways The first way is:

Direct measurement of air samples

Nucleic Acids are molecules of ribose sugars, phosphates and

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Air samples are measured in 1 of 2 ways The second way is:

Estimation of emissions by measurement and calculation

Exact pH is measured using a pH meter, but pH strips

Give pH to the nearest whole number

potential of hydrogen, measure of how many hydrogen ions (H+) there are in solution

Biomagnification is the increase

in a chemical’s concentration as it moves up the food chain

studbud

Science 9- ENVIROMENTAL CHEMISTRY

139 termsStudBud Administration898 plays

Grade 9 science (Alberta, Canada Curriculum) TOPIC 3: Environmental Chemistry

Flashcards139 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 139

Answers

1
The products (combustion) are always carbon dioxide and water, which are both greenhouse gases
TRUE! We should use renewable energy sources!
FALSE! Water is not a green house gas!
2
What are pests?
Any organism that harms humans, crops or structures.
Any organism that eats plants
Any organism that harms the overall health of humans
Any organism that eats animals
3
Parts per Millions (where a solution is either air or water) means:
1 particle is found in 1 million particles of solution
1 million particles in 1 particle of solution
1 particle of a substance is found in 1 billion particles
4
Industrial plants are built next to bodies of water because
industries have no respect for fish
they want to ruin water systems
they are an example of dispersion and dilution
they are an example of biodegrading
5
1 Cl atom destroys up to 100,000 O3 molecules!
TRUE! #savetheozone
FALSE! There are not capable of doing that!
6
According to Biomagnification, who would have the most amount of toxins?
The fish
The bugs
The human
The soil
7
Hydrolysis is the
water molecules being broken down
process of breaking down food into smaller pieces/molecules
journey of broken down food
process of breaking up food
8
Nucleic acids are the building material of DNA and RNA and so they are
found in every person 75 or older
found in only blood cells
found in all cells
found in plants only
9
Lipids are made of ______; _______; ______ arranged into chains of fatty acids
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
10
What is this ?
Diffusion
Dispersion
Osmosis
Active Transport
11
Heavy metals that found in large concentrations are
because of bioaccumulation
usually because of how much pollution fish create
since seaweed occasionally gives off lead byproducts
usually due to humans (e.g. farming, industry)
12
Phytoremediation uses growing plants to soak up chemicals
TRUE! Phytoremediation Rules!
FALSE! This is the definition of biodegradation
13
Chemicals that land on soil may
be drawn up by plants or ingested by animals
evaporate away
travel down streams or roads
soak into the ground
14
Normal Rainwater has a pH of 5.6, Acid rain has a pH as low as
3
0.5
6
0
15
Bacteria convert Nitrogen into _______ and _______ before it goes into the roots of plants
Ammonia; Nitrides
Nitrides; NH2O
Nitrides; Abonia
Ammonia; Water
16
Too much fertilizer can cause increased plant growth (more oxygen needed for decomposition) so,
The overall dissolved Nitrogen amount increases
The overall dissolved Oxygen amount decreases
The overall dissolved Oxygen amount increases
The overall dissolved Oxygen amount stays the same
17
For active transport to occur, what is required?
Osmosis
Electricity
Energy
Diffusion
18
What are the two types of indicators of water quality:
Biological and Invertebrate
Water and Oxygen
Chemical and Biological
Vertebrate and Chemical
19
chemicals can build up if
water table moves slowly
groundwater moves slowly
groundwater moves quickly
groundwater moves fast
20
an organic compound made of chains of amino acids is called
A carbohydrate
A protein
An amino byproduct
A lipid
21
Baking Soda has a pH of 8.2, it is
Very Basic
Slightly Alkaline
Very Acidic
Slightly Acidic
22
The greenhouse effect is an _________________ because of CO2, H2O, CH4, and NOx
increase in Earth’s temperature
decrease in Earth’s ozone depletion
increase in Earth’s ozone production
decrease in Earth’s temperature
23
When toxins are introduced to an organism it can cause
serious health issues and death
serious genetic issues and death
blood cell production and life
serious health issues and life
24
When natural gas contains deadly hydrogen sulphide, it is called
sour gas
sour rain
acid gas
acid rain
25
Carbon dioxide ______ an organic compound!
IS NOT
IS
WILL BE
26
Battery Acids have a pH of 0.5, it is
Slightly Acidic
Slightly Alkaline
Very Basic
Very Acidic
27
Plants can't use nitrogen directly, it must be fixed in compounds. This process is called
Nitrogen Fixing
Nitrogen Deification
Nitrogen Fixation
N Fix
28
What role do decomposers play in Nitrogen Cycle?
When it contains nitrogen, it helps the plant take it in
They Break down and turn Nitrides into N2 (normal nitrogen)
They eat nitrogen and give it the plants as a paste
Worms are awesome
29
Without chemicals such as _____ and ______ green plants wouldn't be able to make sugar for food
Oxygen; Neon
Potassium; Selenium
Water; CO2
Carbon Dioxide; H2O
30
The optimum amount is NOT the amount of nutrient that provides an organism with the best health
FALSE!
TRUE!
31
Herbicides kill ______; Insecticides kill ______; Fungicides kill ________.
Weeds; Insects; Fungi
Fungi; Insects; Weeds
Weeds; Fungi; Insects
Insects; Weeds; Fungi
32
____________ pour a hazardous material down the sink, or in the garbage
SOMETIMES
NEVER
MOST TIMES
ALWAYS
33
Phytoremediation uses light to break down chemicals
TRUE! Phytoremediation Rules
FALSE! This is the definition of Photolysis
34
Chemical concentration in the environment is usually measured in
parts per million (PPM)
parts per billion (PPB)
parts per thousands (PPTh)
parts per trillion (PPT)
35
Sewage is wastewater which contains dissolved and undissolved substances
TRUE!
FALSE!
36
Organic compounds are
simple molecules that only contain carbon
complex molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
simple molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
simple molecules that do not contain carbon
37
Pollution is any change in the environment that produces conditions that harm living things
FALSE! Pollution is not bad for anyone!
TRUE! Pollution is bad for everyone!
38
What is an example of pollution?
Cars exhaust Carbon Monoxide, a deadly gas
Humans create nitrogen, a terrible element that causes death
Recycled cans and paper
Plants create oxygen, which is a toxic gas
39
Chemical indicators include
Dissolved oxygen (needed for animal cells)
Plant nutrients (ex: potassium, nitrogen)
Acidity (if pH < 5.0, fish die) and Salts (ex: NaCl, MgSO4)
Heavy metals (ex: copper, mercury) and Pesticides (ex: DDT)
40
Carbon monoxide (CO) is sometimes referred to as _________ since it is colourless and odourless
The sightless mass murderer
The bad boy
The silent killer
The invisible murderer
41
When the pores are connected in loose soil, we say the soil is
semi-permeable
non-permeable
permeable
expansions
42
Air samples are measured in 1 of 2 ways The first way is:
Direct measurement of air samples
Checking the Clouds and its contents
Making a detailed report on air
Biological Indicators
43
Acids and bases are compounds that will dissolve in water to form acidic or basic solutions
NOPE! Wrong!
YES! Right!
44
Nitrogen is vital for living things. How much is in the air?
23%
43%
98%
78%
45
Nucleic Acids are molecules of ribose sugars, phosphates and
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
46
the process of taking in food
Ingestion
Electrolysis
Hydrolysis
Digestion
47
___________ release chemicals into air, water, and soil everyday
Coral Reefs
Fish Activities
Human Activities
Plants
48
Air samples are measured in 1 of 2 ways The second way is:
Checking the Clouds and its contents
Checking the local bird population
Estimation of emissions by measurement and calculation
Taking precise measurements from airplanes
49
Exact pH is measured using a pH meter, but pH strips
Give pH to the nearest whole number
Give pH to the farthest number
Give pH to the nearest decimals
Give pH to the farthest decimals
50
pH is the
measure of how many helium ions there is in a solution
potential of hydrogen
measure of how many hydrogen ions (H+) there are in solution
properties of hydrogen
51
Biomagnification is the increase
in a toxins magnification as it moves down the food chain
of chemical’s concentration as it moves down the food chain
in a chemical’s concentration as it moves up the food chain
decrease*
52
Release at the source; Dispersion by wind in the atmosphere; Deposition in soil or water
the 3 stages of ozone transportation
the 3 stages of carbon chill
the 3 stages of chemical transportation
the 3 stages of ozone depletion
53
Pesticides
Are chemicals used to get rid of plants
Are chemicals used to get rid of pests
Are chemicals used to get rid of Sunlight
Are chemicals used to get rid of soil
54
Amino acids are small organic molecules made of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
55
Elements or compounds needed by organisms for growth, repair and reproduction are called
Organic Needs
Nutrients
Pollutants
Deficiencies
56
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) are destroying ozone molecules more than they are created
TRUE! Hate those guys!
FALSE! CFC's are the good guys!
57
spring acid shock can be fatal because it can
weaken the roots of plants, which decrease soil strength
weaken the eggs of organisms, killing their young
create issues in the plant molecules
help the creation of CO2
58
Some pesticides kill _____ pests and non-pests because they are not selective.
Both
No
59
Dispersion is the scattering of a substance away from its source (e.g. wind blows away smoke)
FALSE! This is the definition of deposition!
TRUE! Go dispersion!
60
Animals _____ if the pH reaches as low as 4.0
Get Cancer
Fly
Get sick
Die
61
An example of an Invertebrate (animal without a backbone) would be:
Frogs
Leech
Fish
Worms
62
This enriches soil so that plants will grow better
Pests
Fertilizers
Pollution
Herbicides
63
Bumps on the roots of some plants are called ____ and they are home to nitrogen fixing bacteria
Nodules
Bumpers
Homes
Bacterium
64
An example of a Lipid is
Fruit
Bread
Cooking Oil
Dairy Products
65
Biodegradation is the destruction of pollutants by organisms
TRUE!
FALSE!
66
Bases have a pH of
anything more than 7
anything less than 10
equal to 7
anything less than 7
67
The top of groundwater is referred to as the
topwash
water porous
water table
pores aqua
68
When the pores are full of water, we refer to the water as
groundwater
water table
pores aqua
water porous
69
Too much fertilizer can damage the ecosystem because it can leak into ______ or harm the plants
More plants
Household item
Water systems
Fish
70
when humans influenced a huge increase in H₂O, CO₂ and CH₄, and NO_x , it is called the
Earth House Effect
Natural Green House Effect
Enhanced Green House Effect
Enhanced Red House Effect
71
What can be caused by Carbon monoxide (CO)?
brain damage
death (it replaces oxygen in blood!)
headaches, sleepiness
loss of body control
72
barnacles live on rocks... what is the substrate?
barnacle
rock
73
Proteins are also used to make enzymes.
TRUE! Proteins are the best!
FALSE! Enzymes are only catalysts!
74
The Ozone Layer is made up of ___ which is a layer that protects the earth from UV rays
3 molecules of Oxygen
HO3
O3
Hydrogen + 3 molecules of Oxygen
75
Nitrogen can be converted straight into Ammonia and Nitrides when this natural process occurs:
Lightning
Volcanic Eruption
Rain
Earthquake
76
Which statement is true?
Red litmus paper turns Blue in an ACID
Blue litmus paper turns Red in a BASE
Blue litmus paper turns Red in an ACID
Red litmus paper turns Blue in a BASE
77
Solid waste can be reused or recycled but most of it goes to ___________.
Forests
Oceans
Landfill Sites
Garbage Cans
78
A neutral substance have a pH
anything more than 7
equal to 7
anything less than 7
anything less than 10
79
Some solid waste can be incinerated at high temperatures, but that causes
Emissions that effect Wildlife
Fires
Emissions that contribute to Air pollution
Water Pollution
80
Pores are
holes on one's face
Low levels of chemicals
referred to as the water table
the tiny spaces between soil particles
81
Take wastes to a hazardous waste collection site, which will
throw it in the trashcan for you
incinerate or sanitarily landfill it for you
will get rid of it dangerously for you
pour it down the sink for you
82
Bacteria in soil and water are either:
Anaerobic – not needing oxygen
Aerobic – requiring oxygen
83
Large pipes that take rainwater directly to rivers and lakes are called
Sewage System
Rain Water Collection Pipes (RWCP)
Storm Collection Pipes
Storm Sewers
84
This table graph states that
50% of the rats will die if given 192mg/kg of DDT
50% of the rats will die if given 67mg/kg of DDT
50% of the rats will die if given 3000mg/kg of DDT
50% of the rats will die if given 3000mg/kg of Salt
85
Which is not a Macronutrient (elements needed in large amounts by organisms)?
Oxygen
Calcium
Selenium
Nitrogen
86
Carbohydrate are made up of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
87
Fossil fuels are combustible substances made from dead plants and animals. An example is
Coal
Natural Gas
Solar Panels
Oil
88
Even chemicals used at home can be hazardous if used or disposed of incorrectly. An example is
Hygiene products
Paint
Apple Cores
Banana Peels
89
The diversity of organisms _________ as oxygen levels _________ and as acidity ___________
Increases; Increases; Increases
Decreases; Increases; Decreases
Increases; Increases; Decreases
Decreases; Decreases; Increases
90
Different chemicals must be kept ____________, and away from the occupants of the vehicle
Separate
Near
By
Close
91
Septic tanks use
Pesticides to break down organic molecules in wastewater
Fun juice to break down chemicals
Bacteria to break down organic molecules in wastewater
Chemicals to break down molecules
92
What is this ?
Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis
Dispersion
93
what is a leachate?
Chemical reactions that occur in the soil
liquid that dissolves & carries chemicals as it passes soil
A fancy name for photosynthesis
A liquid that blocks pores from receiving water
94
Oil Tankers can crash, causing crude oil to spill (oil spills)
Lighter compounds sink
Lighter compounds usually disperse in the air or water
Lighter bits can be wash ashore
Heavy compounds form “tar balls”and these chunks sink
95
Which is not a Micronutrient (elements needed in small amounts by organisms)?
Sulfur
Selenium
Sodium
Iodine
96
Monitoring means to
Keep something close to you in order to see it
Keep track of something for a specific purpose
Have the need to Monit
Follow something for no particular reason
97
What are some major sources of the production of Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂)?
plant decay, and car exhaust
ozone layer, electrical current
plants, animals, and oxygen emissions
coal, oil, natural gas
98
What are some examples of Heavy Metals
Metalica
Mercury
Calcium
Lead
99
Carbohydrates are a/an __________ if used rapidly, but turn into _______ if not used right away
Energy Source; Fats
Kinetic Energy; Lipids
Fat Source; Energy
Red Blood Cells; Chemicals
100
Even though chemicals are produced naturally, they can be bad of the environment. An example is
Nitrogen and Nitrides
Water from Lakes
Carbon Monoxide
Ash from Volcanoes
101
Environmental chemistry studies the processes and activities that
create chemicals in space
have chemicals in their atoms
change chemicals in the natural environment
study environment animals
102
When an acid neutralizes a base (or vice versa), it is a/an
neutralization production
base-acid reaction
reaction of the bases
acid-base neutralization reaction
103
A hydrolyzed substance is
that has been created by hydrolysis
that has been loved by hydrolysis
that has been ingested by hydrolysis
that has been digested by hydrolysis
104
Inorganic compounds are
complex molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
simple molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
simple molecules that only contain carbon
substances that do not contain carbon
105
Dissolved Oxygen in water is removed by :
decomposition (rotting) of organic material
Water levels
Hydrogen Ions
cellular respiration (e.g. fish gills)
106
In the atmosphere O3 is good. The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation. What is happening to it?
it is being updated by the ISS
it is getting stronger
holes are forming in it
it is not working properly
107
Sanitary Landfills use ______ and _______ liners to prevent waste chemicals going into the soil
Compacted Clay and Plastic
Compacted Clay and Water
Steel and Iron
Plastic and Nitrogen Compound
108
Greenhouse gases were not originally a pollutant, but what if it increases?
more severe weather
no apparent change
May cause rising sea levels
disruption of ecosystems and water supplies
109
Biological indicators:
alert scientists to potential environmental catastrophes
tell scientists that there are no problems
are always invertebrate
Tell people about their experiences in water
110
____________ or treated wastewater is released into streams and lakes
Effluvium
Effluent
Clean
Output
111
The numbers on this fertilizer indicate that there is
18% Nitrogen; 24% Phosphorus; 12% Potassium
18% Potassium; 24% Nitrogen; 12% Phosphorus
18% Nitrogen; 24% Potassium; 12% Phosphorus
18% Phosphorus; 24% Potassium; 12% Nitrogen
112
Why can you never pour a hazardous material down the sink, or in the garbage?
organisms may be harmed
organisms will never be harmed
ecosystem may not be harmed
hydrogen atoms may be affected
113
Ground level Ozone (O3)'s major source is
industrial plants
nothing, ozone is only found in the atmosphere
it is not bad! it protects us from UV rays!
vehicle engines (during morning rush hour)
114
What is this ?
Diffusion
Active Transport
Osmosis
Dispersion
115
Nitrogen monoxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is formed by
high heat of vehicle engines
When nitrogen fixation occurs
nitrogen + oxygen/ nitrogen oxides
When oil is refined
116
A substrate is a material on which an organism lives, moves or feeds
TRUE!
FALSE!
117
An element is _____________
A pure substance that can't be broken down any further
Atoms, Protons, Nucleus and Electrons
A mixture that is composed of atoms
Carbon Atoms
118
Proteins are used for
Repair ONLY
Growth, Repair and Energy
Good Hair
Growth and Energy ONLY
119
The concentration of _______________ affects water quality
Lipids
Ozone Monitoring
Chemical Indicators
Biological Indicators
120
In order for hydrolysis to occur properly, three things are needed:
Digestive enzymes; Correct acid pH; Correct stomach
Catalysts; Correct pH; Correct Acids present
Digestive enzymes; Correct base pH; Correct Temperature
Digestive enzymes; Correct acid pH; Correct temperature
121
Another problem of pesticides is that pests can become resistant to it so,
We have to create less
We have to not create strong ones
We have to not do anything about it
We have to create even stronger ones
122
There are 2 main types of biological indicators: Microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) and ___________
pH monitors
Aquatic Vertebrate (e.g. fish)
Dissolved Oxygen amounts
Aquatic invertebrates (e.g. shrimp, worms)
123
the “natural” greenhouse effect is when
Chemicals being transported by the air
Atmosphere Gas take the sun’s radiation, trapping it as heat
industrial plants stuck in a greenhouse
Greenhouse gases trap energy in the atmosphere
124
Acids have a pH of
equal to 7
anything more than 7
anything less than 10
anything less than 7
125
Which one of these is not a factor affecting biodegradation
soil moisture (needed); oxygen (need for aerobic bacteria)
available nutrients
amount of photosynthesis happening
temperature (warmth is better); pH
126
There are guidelines for water quality in 5 categories: Human Drinking,Irrigation___; ____;____
Waste, Livestock Drinking, Oil sands
Waste, Livestock Drinking, Protection of aquatic life
Recreation, Livestock Drinking, Protection of aquatic life
Waste, Human Drinking, Irrigation
127
LD50 (Lethal Dose, 50%) represents
50% of mice die if given 30g of selenium
50/55 people will die if given a toxin
death is among everyone
amount of substance to kill 50% of the test population
128
metal substances with a density of at least 5 g/cm³ are called
Heavy metals
Heavy Steel
Lipid Metals
Fat metals
129
Some pesticides stay in the environment for years, altering the ecosystem.
TRUE! DDT is the best example!
FALSE! They only last until next season!
130
neutralization always creates
Salt ONLY
Water and Florine
Salt and Water
Water ONLY
131
These remove harmful substances from wastewater
Septic tanks
Strom Sewers
Sewage treatment plants
Sewers
132
Government has regulations regarding safety with the usage of chemicals;Some of them are called
WHMIS
WHIMIS
Information symbol
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets)
133
How can SO₂ issues be solved?
add limestone scrubbers to remove 99% of it, forming gypsum
burn it so it no longer exists
Not do anything about it, the environment can handle itself
create more so they can compete for "who is the worst"
134
Fill in the blanks
1 = Nitrogen Fixation ; 2 = Denitrification
1 = Denitrification; 2 = Nitrogen Fixation
1 = Denitrification; 2= Lightning
1 = Decomposition; 2= Denitrification
135
Toxicity describes
How poisonous a substance is
How useful a substance is
How poisonous a substance is not
How crazy a substance is
136
Sugars can be assembled together to make larger, more complex molecules like
Starch
Cellulose
Sugary Carbs
Hydrogen Ions
137
Dilution involves reducing a chemical’s concentration by adding extra air or water
TRUE!
FALSE!
138
Acid can build up in snow/ice during winter, and then released all at once during springtime:
spring basic shocks
neutralization
acid leakage
spring acid shock
139
temperature, wind/water turbulence, _________; _________ affect the level of dissolved oxygen.
Amount of photosynthesis; Acidity
Colder water; Human Activities
Number of organisms; Amount of photosynthesis
Number of organisms; Heavy Metal Concentration

Science 9- ENVIROMENTAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards | StudBud