Rad Bio Final Review Part 1.

In RNA what nitrogenous base does Uracil replace?

An abnormal chromosome with two centromeres?

What is the most abundant molecule in the body?

Isoeffect curves are most closely associated with which of the following?

Which of the following is an effect of radiation on DNA?

Tissue injury ____________ as the volume of the tissue irradiated increases.

An example of a lethal chromosome configuration is:

In linear or non-linear threshold dose-response curves, the following is true of the response:

As LET increases, D_o on the cell survival curve becomes:

The most radiosensitive tissue group among the following is the:

True or False: RNA obeys Chargaff’s Rule.

________ is the most radiation-sensitive target molecule.

The Latent Stage describes:

A whole-body radiation dose given in a period of seconds to minutes produces a clinical pattern called:

Lethal Damage is:

The ________ describes the relative response to radiation in the presence or absence of oxygen?

Which of the following would be a Stochastic or Late Radiation Response?

Which term describes certain chemicals or drugs that enhance the response of cells to radiation?

What is true regarding Non-stochastic Effects (pick 2):

Incoming radiation ejects an e^- from shell of atom, causing the atom to be charged

Irradiation of cells can cause damage. When the same cell type is used to fix the damage it is called:

Regarding Stochastic Effects:

Which of the following terms describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen following exposure to radiation?

What are the 4 major classes of organic compounds?

True or False: The presence of oxygen dramatically influences the biological effect.

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

What cell structure is known as the “Power Plant” and is responsible for energy production?

Without medical intervention, a person exposed to a single whole body dose of _____ may die within 10 days.

Which macromolecule is most radiosensitive?

According to Chargaff’s rule, in DNA, which nitrogenous base is paired with Cytosine?

Ionizing radiation can disrupt chemical ________ in important biological materials.

The whole body syndrome most likely to be observed following a single dose of 1-10Gy is the:

The original number of targets to be hit to cause cell death is termed:

The key target in the human cell is the_________.

2 factors affecting embryo and fetus are:

The Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states that an ionizing radiation is more effective against cells that are (pick 3):

The latency period for Leukemia is:

Which of the following is a more accurate representation of cell radiosensitivity?

Radiation can cause damage to organs w/in the body. If a different type of cell type replaces cells, what has occurred?

The structure of DNA is referred to as a:

Mutations are permanent and a/an:

The phase of cellular division most resistant to radiation is the ________ phase.

Nausea is associated with the:

Which phase of the cell cycle occurs betweenthe two gap phases, G₁ and G₂?

Which somatic effect describes the severity of effect dependent on dose?

The fraction of cells actually progressing through cycles of division is known as the _______ fraction.

The period of Organogenesis normally occurs during the _____ week(s) of fetal development:

Radiation can cause damage to organ w/in the body. If the same cell type replaces cells of the organ, what has occurred?

Steps of cellular division are:

How does oxygen retention affect radiosensitivity?

When ionization events occur in the target it is termed:

As LET increases, RBE increase until it reaches a peak of 100 keV/um. This describes:

Low LET, _______ OER. High LET, _______ OER.

True or False: Leukemia is a Deterministic Effect and considered an absolute risk

Cellular growth and development is called:

What percentage of radiation induce damage occurs as a result of direct ionization?

Cells are made up of about _______ water.

Dose at which survival becomes exponential; below this dose there appears to be no effect on cell death is:

The most important sequel in utero exposure after 1st trimester:

The five Rs of radiation biology are:

The production of free radicals most often occurs from irradiation of ______________.

The chromosomal aberration where genetic material is lost:

High LET radiation usually has:

As LET increases, the steep of the slope of the survival curve:

What percentage of radiation induce damage occurs as a result of indirect ionization?

Which somatic effect describes the probability of incident dependent on dose?

What is the typical oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) value for sparsely ionizing radiation?

The dose that inactivates 63% of the cells and 37% survive is termed:

Irradiation of cells can cause damage. When a different cell type is used to fix the damage it is called:

On the cell survival curve, the “n” number denotes the:

The cell's ability to repair itself is represented in which region of the dose-response relationship graph?

The measure of damage that will occur in comparison with x-rays for same dose:

Normal tissue healing following radiation occurs by (Pick 2):

As LET decrease, D_q on the cell survival curve becomes:

Which of the following is not a Pyrimidine?

What type of cell fate is traced by chromosome damage?

Type of radiation with lowest penetrating: 

Which somatic effect does NOT have a threshold?

What does the term interphase death mean?

The standard radiation used to determine RBE is:

The tolerance dose (TD) 50/5 for the lens of the eye is __________ to/than the TD 5/5 for the lens of the eye

What is the most potent Radiosensitizer?

The threshold dose for Cataracts is:

The TD_50/5 for the Optic Nerve is approximately _____ Gy.

If exposed to radiation on day 8 of gestation, what is the most common effect?

When ionizing radiationinteracts with a key molecule, the sensitive area is termed target. Name this theory:

The effect of radiation on tissue is influenced by (Multiple answers):

The development of a radiation-induced cancer is known as a:

The shoulder region on a dose-response relationship graph respresents:

Cells are most sensitiveduring the _________ phase of division.

Radiation sickness symptoms associated with the reduced number of leukocytes is a major characteristic of:

Which acute radiation syndrome would occur after a radiation dose of 1,000 cGy to the entire body?

Protracted or fractionated doses are better tolerated by tissue than single doses because:

Which of the following terms is used to describe radiation damage to a cell that is not sufficient to kill the cell?

The chief function of ___________ in the human body is to provide fuel for cell metabolism.

True or False: Radiation induced mutations have clear thresholds.

The central nervous system syndrome is observed in those exposed to single whole body dose of:

TD_5/5 for the Parotids:

True or False: Radiation types with high LET have mass and charge, travel short distance and low penetration. 

The radiosensitivity in tissue may be enhanced by: