Final Review

contrasts with the protagonist to bring out moral, emotional, or intellectual qualities

a character that opposes the protagonist's goals and interests; creates conflict in the work

can enter the consciousness of any character, evaluate motives and explain feelings

a protagonist without stereotypical heroic traits; may be feckless, inept, downtrodden

an implication of alternative or more complex meaning that pervades a work

when the author describes and comments on characters' motives and values; often passes judgment

words and phrases used in ways that effect an obvious change in their standard meaning

the various convictions and values by which the narrator judges characters and events

the main focus is on the course and outcome of events in the plot, as opposed to character

first-person, second-person, or third-person, often identified by the pronoun the narrator uses

multifaceted character who is subject to change and growth as well as inconsistencies

a narrator who continually interprets events in ways that the author signals are mistaken

comparison made using the word "like" or "as"

characters are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success to be defeated by some larger force

interested in the protagonist's thoughts, feelings, motives, and in how characters develop

a third-person narrator whose presence is merely implied

a work that eschews coherent features such as plot, setting, and character development

object, action, or event that represents something, or creates associations, beyond itself

the attitude that a literary speaker expresses toward his or her subject matter and audience

an omniscient narrator who offers philosophical or moral commentary on characters and events

based on stereotypes familiar from folk tales or traditional literary genres

narrator addresses the audience directly, and assumes the audience is experiencing the events

the main character in a work of drama, fiction, or narrative poetry, around whom events center

a deliberate contrast between two levels of meaning

the central idea conveyed in a literary work, either directly or indirectly

the analogy of a metaphor--the part that "conveys" the comparison

underlying meaning that provides one of the chief challenges and gratifications of literature

set in a time and, often, a place removed from the period and location in which it is written

simple, limited character; more a type than an individual; stays essentially the same

extreme form of third-person limited; narrator replicates thought process of a character

the act of telling a story and the means by which that telling is accomplished

immediate and direct, invites readers to engage directly with a character involved in the story

the one who tells the story

the process by which the author creates the work is incorporated into the text

word choice and phrasing in a work; formal, colloquial, abstract, concrete, literal, figurative

the evocation in the audience of its, tenderness, compassion, or sorrow

resembles events, social interactions, settings, motivations, feelings faced in everyday life

comparison made between distinct ideas without an explicit comparison word

a narrator with a broader view and, usually, an objective perspective on characters and events

focuses on characters that are less 3D; more likely to be shown as either heroic or villainous

comprised of a series of letters between characters

sentence structure, the sequence and connection of the words, phrases, and clauses

the time and place in which the events in a work of fiction, drama, or narrative poetry occur

implying a meaning different from, and often the complete opposite, the one explicitly stated

depicts intellectual and emotional development of the protagonist from childhood into adulthood

presents characters' words and actions without commentary; implies motives, feelings, values

the literal subject of a metaphor--the aspect that "holds" the meaning

taunting use of apparent approval or praise for actual disapproval or dispraise

the audience is privy to knowledge that one or more of the characters lacks (tragic irony)

the narrator describes events from the perspective and with the understanding of one character