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Milestone Review
Milestone Review
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Review Quiz to prepare for the Milestone EOC in Biology #highschool
Flashcards
70 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
70
Answers
1
What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
100 percent
more than 99 percent
approximately one-half
less than 1 percent
2
In humans, the femur, or thigh bone, is involved in walking. In whales the femur is a(n)
<p>vesitigial structure</p>
acquited trait
example of natural variation
example of a fossil
3
What is produced during transcription?
RNA polymerase
proteins
DNA molecules
RNA molecules
4
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
photosynthesis
transpiration
burning of fossil fuels
decomposition of plants and animals
5
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
temperature
soil type
rainfall
plant life
6
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
a process of change in species over time
a sudden replacement of one population by another
an adaptation of a species to its environment
7
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
ribosome
mitochondrion
vacuole
Golgi apparatus
8
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
9
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up communities, which make up populations
Populations make up species, which make up communities
Species make up populations, which make up communities
Communities make up species, which make up populations
10
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
air
oxygen
glucose
energy
11
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
12
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food chain
trophic level
food pyramid
energy path
13
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
telophase
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
14
A symbiosis in which both species benefit is
predation
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
15
What happens during the process of translation?
Messenger RNA is made from DNA
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
Copies of DNA molecules are made
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
16
A pattern in which species have stable periods followed by brief rapid evolutionary change is
coevolution
punctuated equilibrium
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
17
Which shows the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from simple to most complex?
tissue, organ, organ system
cell, tissue, organ system
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
18
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
12
24
6
3
19
The structure labeled I in the figure is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is the
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cell envelope
cell wall
20
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
carbohydrates
carbon
sunlight
water
21
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
family in its order
order in its class
genus in its family
species in its genus
22
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria and chloroplasts
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
23
Which of the following explains why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?
Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor
Similar functions point to a common ancestor
Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor
Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor
24
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
adenine, ribose, phosphate
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
25
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
ATP and oxygen
high-energy sugars
oxygen
oxygen and high-energy sugars
26
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
herbivore
omnivore
carnivore
detritivore
27
Energy is released from ATP when
a phosphate group is removed
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is added
adenine bonds to ribose
28
Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
mushroom
leopard
human
grass
29
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among/between organisms & their environment is
economy
modeling
ecology
recycling
30
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
GATCCA
AGCTTG
GAUCCA
TCGAAC
31
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
food molecules
<p>ATP</p>
carbon dioxide
water
32
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
cytoplasm
cell envelope
nucleus
organelle
33
Who is the best Honors Biology teacher of ALL time?
Mr Casper
Mrs Catchings
Ms Korcha
Mrs Hefner
34
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
<p>photosynthesis</p>
electron transport
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
35
Which of the following contains a nucleus?
eukaryotes
bacteria
prokaryotes
organelles
36
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(n)
heterotroph
producer
chemotroph
autotroph
37
Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
mitochondrion
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
38
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in sunlight. The gas is probably
<p>oxygen</p>
ATP
<p>carbon dioxide</p>
vaporized water
39
According to Darwin, individuals who aruvive are best adapted. Their survival is due to the
choices made by plant and animal breeders
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
possession of adaptations developed through use
lack of competition within the species
40
Which of the following is an autotroph?
mushroom
leopard
impala
tree
41
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?
an atmosphere of poisonous gases
bombardment by comets and asteroids
volcanic activity
an atmosphere containing oxygen gas
42
For a cross between a homozygous tall (TT) plant and a heterozygous (Tt) plant, which is true?
<p>All of the offspring will be tall</p>
All of the offspring will be short
About half of the offspring will be tall
About half of the offspring will be short
43
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
cytokinesis
anaphase
metaphase
interphase
44
The finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos displayed different adaptations including
number of eggs in each bird's nest
similarities of the birds' embryos
length of the birds' necks
birds' different-shaped beaks
45
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
<p>build tissues such as bone and muscle</p>
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
store and transmit heredity
help to fight disease
46
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
chain
network
interaction
web
47
Examples of fossils include preserved
body parts
footprints
all of the above
eggs
48
A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n)
lipid
enzyme
molecule
element
49
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis
glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport
50
Prokaryotes lack
genetic material
cytoplasm
a nucleus
a cell membrane
51
The main function of the cell wall is to
store DNA
help the cell move
support and protect the cell
direct the activities of the cell
52
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
53
According to Darwin's theory, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
the greatest number of offspring
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
variations best suited to the environment
54
DNA is copied during a process called
transformation
replication
translation
transcription
55
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
mitochondrion
chloroplast
56
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are
omnivores
autotrophs
producers
decomposers
57
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
Animalia
Fungi
<p>Protista</p>
Plantae
58
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
dominant
homozygous
hybrid
heterozygous
59
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(n)
community
ecosystem
biome
population
60
You won't find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
animals
none of the above
plants
fungi
61
Green plants are
omnivores
consumers
herbivores
producers
62
The two main types of fermentation are called
lactic acid and anaerobic
alcoholic and aerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
<p>aerobic and anaerobic</p>
63
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
four genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
two genetically identical cells
two genetically different cells
64
Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution?
hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals
Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimps than mice
Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin
embryonic hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin
65
Which pair is correct?
G1 phase, DNA replication
S phase, cell division
M phase, cell growth
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
66
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
lipids
67
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in the picture are
decomposers
heterotrophs
consumers
producers
68
A species that evolved into several different species that live in different ways has undergone
coevolution
adaptive radiation
punctuated equilibrium
mass extinction
69
Gametes are produced by the process of
replication
crossing-over
mitosis
meiosis
70
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
natural selection
survival of the fittest
artificial variation
artificial selection
