stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
13,369 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
2
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
3
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
4
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
5
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
6
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
7
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
8
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
9
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
10
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
11
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
12
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
13
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
14
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
displacement
15
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
16
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
17
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
18
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
19
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
20
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
feature detectors
optic nerve
optic chiasm
21
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
William James
Carl Rogers
22
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
neuroticism
conscientiousness
openness
23
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
anal stage
24
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
group polarization
25
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
26
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
27
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
28
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
29
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
30
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
31
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
32
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
33
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
34
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
35
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
36
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
84
95
68
37
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
38
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
39
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
scapegoating
40
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
41
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
42
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
triarchic
achievement
43
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
44
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
mean
range
45
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
46
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
benzodiazepines
47
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
sight
hearing
smell
48
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
49
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
50
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
51
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
52
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
iris
fovea
blind spot
53
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
54
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
55
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
56
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
57
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
58
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
59
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
60
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
61
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
62
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
63
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
64
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
65
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
66
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
67
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
68
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
modeling
69
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
70
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
71
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
72
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : increase
73
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
74
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
75
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
76
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
77
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
humanist
78
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
79
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
80
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
sound localization
81
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
behavioral
cognitive
structuralist
82
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
83
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
84
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
85
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
86
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
87
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
88
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
89
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
90
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
91
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
92
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
93
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
94
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
95
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
96
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
97
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
98
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
99
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
situational
behavioral
100
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
101
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
102
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
103
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
104
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
105
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
106
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
107
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
108
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
109
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
110
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
111
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
EEG
PET
112
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
mean
median
113
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
114
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
115
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
116
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
117
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
118
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
convergence
linear perspective
119
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
120
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
121
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
122
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
123
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
124
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
125
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
126
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
127
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
128
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
129
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
130
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
131
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
132
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
133
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
134
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
135
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
136
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
137
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
anixety
138
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
139
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
140
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
141
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
modes
normally distributed
142
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
hearing
balance
143
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
144
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cones
rods
cornea
145
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
146
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
147
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
148
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
149
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
150
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
151
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
temperament
environment
152
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
153
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
154
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
155
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
156
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
157
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
158
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
159
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
160
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
beta waves
161
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
Moro
rooting
stepping
162
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
163
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
continuous
secondary