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Lesson 5 Chemistry Flashcards | StudBud
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Lesson 5 Chemistry
Lesson 5 Chemistry
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1
What term means capable of combining with or attracting water?
hydrophilic
immiscible
lipophilic
emulsifier
2
A sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams:
ammonia
glycerin
volatile organic compounds
silicones
3
Neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions balancing pH and forming water:
and a salt
and carbon dioxide
and a sulfur
and nitrogen
4
The overexposure principle is used to describe how overexposure determines _______________.
immunity
tolerance
safety
toxicity
5
The pH scale is used to measure _____________.
acidity and alkalinity
overexposure and underexposure
levels of oxygen
levels of carbon dioxide
6
When mixing chemicals, one should _________________.
avoid rooms or areas that are well ventilated
use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon
add the water to the chemical, not the other way around
never use secondary containers, such as spray bottles
7
Which of the following is TRUE when salt is dissolved into water?
salt is the solute and water is the solvent
salt and water are both solvents
water is the solute and salt is the solvent
salt and water are both solutes
8
____________ are the basic units of matter.
Protons
Atoms
Electrons
Neutrons
9
Any substance that occupies space and has weight is ____________.
a chemical
matter
a beauty product
potentially dangerous
10
Why should beauty professionals study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry?
because every product used in beauty and wellness contains some chemical
because it is unrelated to the safe operation of a salon, spa or barbershop
because chemistry experiments are regular practice at salons, spa or barber
because clients often quiz beauty professionals on this important knowledge
11
Which of the following is TRUE of all liquids?
they are miscible
they are either miscible or immiscible
they are immiscible
they are both miscible and immiscible
12
What are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify?
alkanolamines
volatile alcohols
humectants
emulsifiers
13
What is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite/fixed proportions?
mixture
pure substance
atomic compound
molecule
14
For which of the following purposes would acids most likely be used?
to soften calloused skin
to swell the hair
to exfoliate the skin
to raise the pH of products
15
A ______________ is capable of igniting and burning.
chemical
mutagen
carcinogen
combustible
16
A condition where prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure to certain ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people
overexposure
evaporation
elemental molecule
toxicity
17
pH is an abbreviation of ________________.
probable H2O
pure hydrochloric acid
potential hydrogen
productively high
18
What are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of products?
ammonia
glycerin
volatile alcohols
alkanolamines
19
What is a solvent?
a substance dissolved into a solution
a substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances
a liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution
20
If you were to leave the freezer open all night, all of the ice will melt. This is a result of ___________.
neutralization
ionization
an exothermic reaction
an endothermic reaction
21
In the uniform order of the SDS, which of the following comes immediately after the first category of "Identification"?
First-Aid Measures
Toxicology Information
Hazard Identification
Disposal Considerations
22
Why should ammonia never be mixed with bleach?
it "discolors" more than lightens the hair
it creates a potentially deadly gas
they become unpredictable in their use
it dries out skin excessively
23
What should you do with incompatible products and chemicals?
avoid letting clients touch them
keep them refrigerated
return them to the manufacturer
store them away from each other
24
Which of the following is an example of a compound molecule?
common table salt
the oxygen we breathe
pure nitrogen
the ozone layer
25
Which of the following were the first surfactants?
nail polishes
soaps
cooking oils
motor oils
26
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
water evaporating into the air
liquid nail polish hardening
exposed metal rusting
ice melting to become water
27
Guidelines for properly storing chemicals include all EXCEPT which of the following?
never dispose of chemicals in their original containers
never haphazardly combine two chemicals
always lock up chemicals when not in use
never allow chemicals to sit out
28
Which of the following BEST describes a carcinogen?
a substance that causes cancer
a material that is very easy to ignite
a substance made of carbon
a material capable of igniting or burning
29
Of all the elements known to science today, how many occur naturally on Earth?
18
98
89
19
30
How many elements are known to science today?
108
118
18
81
31
If Daria is to create a variety of products and mixtures, each with a measurable pH, what must be included in them all?
nitrogen
salt
water
oil
32
What did the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replace?
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
33
A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions:
elemental molecule
physical molecule
compound molecule
complex molecule
34
Which of the following is TRUE of products that are incompatible?
they should never be used on clients
they can be safely mixed with proper precautions
they are always considered dangerous
no two should be stored next to each other
35
What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion?
an ionization of the substance
the production of heat and light
an endothermic reaction
neutralization
36
Which of the following is TRUE of solutions?
they are usually a solid color
they are stable mixtures
they are surfactants
they are immiscible
37
SDS are designed for:
use in an emergency
use only by managers
everyday use
use only by new employees
38
Subatomic particles with a positive charge:
electrons
protons
neutrons
physical mixtures
39
What does an oxidizing agent do?
releases oxygen
absorbs oxygen
nullifies oxygen
increases oxygen
40
Which of the following is TRUE today of the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons, spas, and barbershops?
there are strict and universal regulations in place across the United State
there are no regulations in place anywhere across the United States
most states and counties do not have regulations in place
most states and counties have regulations in place
41
What is a solute?
a substance that dissolves a solvent and makes a solution
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances
a liquid not capable of being mixed to form a stable solution
a substance that is dissolved in a solution
42
Type of oil used that are less greasy; form a breathable film that does not cause comedones; silky smooth feel to skin:
volatile alcohols
silicones
volatile organic compounds
glycerin
43
What does a reducing agent do?
adds oxygen to a chemical compound
subtracts nitrogen from a chemical compound
subtacts hydrogen from a chemical compound
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound
44
If a client asks that you not use any known mutagens in treatments, what would be the MOST LIKELY reason?
client has a fear of fire and of things that can easily ignite
client has a weakened immune system and is susceptible to cancers
her skin is sensitive to highly acidic products and chemicals
client cannot afford to pay for expensive products
45
When immiscible liquids are combined, they form _______________.
solutions
stable mixtures
miscible liquids
suspensions
46
A change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or creation of a new substance:
physical change
physical properties
chemical change
acid-alkali neutralization reaction
47
In what type of emulsion are oil droplets emulsified in water?
oil-in-water emulsions
pastes
ointments
water-in-oil emulstions
48
What is the separation of an atom or a molecule into positive or negative ions?
pH
ionization
volatile alcohols
volatile organic compounds
49
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions; examples are water and salt:
physical properties
miscible substances
physical mixtures
pure substance
50
Everything you can touch and everything you can see is matter, EXCEPT for ____________.
liquids and gases
light and electricity
chemicals and powders
living and once-living bodies
51
If a customer asks you if your retail products are chemical-free, what should your response be?
"yes," whether they are or not because the client won't know the difference
"yes," if you believe they are, indeed, chemical-free
"no," because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product
"no," if they are not chemical free because honesty is the best policy
52
All acids owe their chemical reactivity to _____________.
alkalis
overexposure
the hydrogen ion
oxygen
53
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid:
electrons
suspensions
emulsions
solutions
54
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier:
atoms
protons
neutrons
emulsion
55
This has a range of 0-14. It is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
balanced scale
pH scale
Fitzpatrick scale
logarithmic scale
56
Which of the following is the simplest form of chemical matter?
a liquid
a gas
an element
a chemical
