stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
CP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
CP Psych Exam Review
CP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
114 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
2
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
3
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
4
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
5
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
6
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
7
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
8
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
gestalt therapy
9
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
health psychology
10
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
11
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
12
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
13
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
activation-synthesis
14
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
15
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
16
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
17
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
18
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
19
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
triarchic
achievement
20
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
21
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
22
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
23
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
24
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed ratio
fixed variable
25
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
26
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
27
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
28
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
29
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
30
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
31
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
higher-order conditioning
32
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
superordinate goals
33
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
34
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
35
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
36
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
37
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
38
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
39
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
40
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
41
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
42
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
43
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
44
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
external
internal
45
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
46
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
47
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
hippocampus
48
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
trait
49
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
50
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
modes
outliers
normally distributed
51
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
52
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
53
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
54
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
55
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
56
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
57
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
58
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
59
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
60
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
61
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
62
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
test-retest reliability
63
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
64
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
range
mean
median
65
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
66
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
67
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
touch
sight
hearing
68
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
69
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
70
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
71
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
72
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
73
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
74
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
75
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
76
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
77
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
78
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
rods
optic nerve
79
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
80
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
81
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
82
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
83
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
84
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
85
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
86
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
87
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
latent learning
modeling
sublimation
88
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
89
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
90
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
91
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
92
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
84
95
68
93
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
94
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
95
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
touch
sight
96
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
97
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
98
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
99
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
100
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
101
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
102
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
103
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
personality
104
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
105
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
clap their hands
106
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
107
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
108
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
rTMS
EEG
PET
109
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
110
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
111
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
112
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
113
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
situational
dispositional
behavioral
114
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
115
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
116
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
117
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
118
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
119
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
temperament
family
120
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
121
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
122
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
123
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
124
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
self-serving bias
125
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
126
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
127
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
128
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
129
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
130
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
131
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
132
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
133
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
134
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
projection
displacement
reaction formation
135
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
136
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
137
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
just world bias
Barnum effect
138
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
139
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
140
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
141
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
142
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
143
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic
144
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
145
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
146
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
147
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
148
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Moro
Babinski
rooting
149
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
150
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
151
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
152
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
153
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
154
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
155
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
156
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
157
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
beta waves
158
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
159
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
160
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
go for a run
161
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
162
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
163
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization