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Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
Duplicate of Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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#APEURO #Spielvogel #ScientificRevolution #ModernScience
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1
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
Plato.
Galen.
Archimedes.
All of these.
2
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
Classical Greece
Roman Empire
3
According to Leonardo da Vinci, what subject was the key to understanding the nature of things?
Astronomy.
Mathematics.
Biology.
Art.
4
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The moon.
The sun.
The earth.
The epicycles.
5
The philosophy of René Descartes...
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
6
The author of "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy and Grounds of Natural Philosophy" was
Marie-Anne Lavoisier.
Maria Winkelmann.
Maria Merian.
Margaret Cavendish.
7
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
8
Maria Winkelmann...
was an English aristocrat.
was the first woman named to a university teaching position.
authored "Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam."
a German astronomer.
9
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
10
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the expanding universe.
the lunacentric conception.
the geocentric conception.
the pantheistic theory.
11
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to be burned at the stake.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to house arrest.
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
12
Scholars devoted to Hermeticism...
believed that the world was a recent and imperfect creation.
believed humans could use math and magic to dominate nature.
retreated from the natural world to focus on magic mastery.
believed the devil controlled the dark secrets of nature.
13
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
14
Maria Sibylla Merian...
completed much of her scientific work in Africa.
was trained at the University of Berlin.
gained fame as an important entomologist.
earned her a place in the Royal Academy of Science.
15
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
calculating the distance to the sun.
making accurate observations of the planets.
inventing the astrolabe.
working out the theory of inertia.
16
Benedict de Spinoza...
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
believed humans were created separate from nature.
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
17
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
18
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
popularized the scientific method.
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
19
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
mystical experiences.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
incorporating the mind with the body.
20
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
21
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
began to receive recognition and training.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
22
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Two Natures.
Discourse on Method.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Mind Over Matter.
23
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
the moon orbits around the earth.
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the planets are made of earth-like material.
the stars are immensely far away.
24
Galileo wrote...
The Starry Messenger.
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia and Pensées.
25
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
26
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
planetary motion.
inertia.
universal mechanics.
displacement.
27
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
became an international phenomenon.
was directed only towards pure research.
was common only in Italy.
replaced funding by the church.
28
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Tycho Brahe.
Isaac Newton.
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Johannes Kepler.
29
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
30
Newton's world-machine...
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
31
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
32
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Copernicus.
Kepler.
Newton.
Galileo.
33
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
34
The work of Blaise Pascal...
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
prioritized reason over faith.
believed that reason had limitations.
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
35
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
36
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
Robert Boyle.
William Harvey.
Andreas Vesalius.
Antoine Lavoisier.
37
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
herbal healing.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
38
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
inductive reasoning.
speculative reasoning.
deductive reasoning.
triangulation.
39
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
false worship of nature.
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
a lack of moral judgment of others.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
40
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
41
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
42
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
surgery, biology, and astronomy
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
engineering, physics, and dentistry
43
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
publication of scientific journals.
absence of government support and control.
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
abundant government support and control.
44
Who created this conception of the universe?
Copernicus
Ptolemy
Galileo
Aristotle
45
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
college departments for scientific study.
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
regularly published scientific journals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
46
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the moon orbits the sun.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
nothing can ever really be proven.
47
Newton's major work was...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
Utopia.
48
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Paracelsus.
Vesalius.
Harvey.
Galen.
49
Antoine Lavoisier...
discovered the law of gasses.
gave scientific proof to the theories of Newton.
reconciled religion and reason in his Pensées.
is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
50
opernicus's major book was titled...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
Principia.
The Great Instauration.
