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En. Sci. Ch. 7 Test Flashcards | StudBud
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En. Sci. Ch. 7 Test
En. Sci. Ch. 7 Test
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1
Plankton include _____ which is the food base for most aquatic ecosystems.
plankton
protists
zooplankton
phytoplankton
2
What plants are in marshes & swamps?
both marshes & salts have woody plants
marshes - woody; swamps - non-woody
marshes - non-woody; swamps - woody
both marshes & swamps have non-woody plants
3
Why are many of the world’s major ports built on estuaries?
provide protected harbors, access to the ocean, & connection to rivers
they have easy access to oceans with no barriers to maneuver around
they are protected from storms so they can’t be destroyed
they connect all the rivers of a continent together
4
What is an estuary?
an area where rivers deposit their load of mineral-rich mud
an island that helps protect the mainland & coastal wetland from storms
area in which fresh water from a river mixes w/ saltwater from the ocean
a land area covered by salt water for all or part of the time
5
What develops where rivers deposit their load of mineral-rich mud?
wetlands
salt marshes
mangrove swamps
swamps
6
What is most of the food for the ocean floor?
dead organisms that fall from the surface
chemoautotrophic bacteria
fish that live in the abyssal zone
seaweed & the bottom dwelling animals such as octopi
7
_______________ are free-swimming organisms such as fish, turtles, & whales.
nekton
phytoplankton
benthos
plankton
8
What are the sea’s smallest herbivores?
quarks
green algae
phytoplankton
zooplankton
9
_____ are bottom-dwelling organisms, such as mussels, worms, & barnacles.
benthos
plankton
phytoplankton
nekton
10
Why are estuaries productive ecosystems?
b/c the plants & animals constantly change out of the estuary
b/c they constantly develop new lifeforms
bc they constantly push out the saltwater to return it back to the ocean
b/c they constantly receive fresh nutrients from the river
11
What do reef-building corals need in their environment to live?
warm fresh water that has enough light for photosynthesis
cool fresh water that has enough light for photosynthesis
cool salt water that has enough light for photosynthesis
warm salt water that has enough light for photosynthesis
12
How does an estuary become a nutrient trap?
organisms that die within an estuary give the estuary excess nutrients
once water enters in an estuary, it cannot flow back out & gets trapped
currents from the waters carry dissolved nutrients to be trapped in rocks
currents of water cause mineral-rich mud & dissolved nutrients to fall
13
Where do swamps occur?
low, flat lands
tropical & subtropical zones
flat, poorly drained land
temperate & moderate zones
14
Where is much of the ocean’s life concentrated?
in the pelagic zone
in the deep, open waters
in the twilight zone
in the shallow, coastal waters
15
What land area is covered by salt water for all or part of the time?
estuaries
mangrove swamps
salt marshes
coastal wetlands
16
On what kind of land do freshwater marshes tend to occur?
low, flat lands
temperate & moderate zones
flat, poorly drained land
tropical & subtropical zones
17
What two things dictate the species of trees & shrubs?
the stagnation of water & altitude of the area
climate, altitude, & latitude of an area
the salinity of water, climate of the area, & the altitude
the salinity of water & climate of the area
18
What is the increase in the amount of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem?
neutralization
naturalization
eutrophication
equilibration
19
What do marine ecosystems consist of?
river water
salt water
ocean water
fresh water
20
How do salt marshes protect inland areas?
they form a barrier to protect the land from storms & ocean waves
they divert the water from the inland & redirect it back to the ocean
they absorb pollutants & excess water
they transform pollutants into harmless rocks
21
What kind of predators are corals?
active predators
opportunistic predators
they’re rocks and don’t eat
passive predators
22
In a lake, the ______ zone is located near the shore & the _____ zone is at the bottom.
littoral; benthic
neritic; benthic
benthic; literal
abyssal; littoral
23
How do mangrove swamps protect the coastline?
by absorbing extra water when rivers overflow
they protect from erosion & reduce the damage from storms
they maintain the health of the animals that live within them
they absorb & remove pollutants from the water that flows through them
24
What are the two divisions of aquatic ecosystems?
freshwater & saltwater
coastal water & inland water
saltwater & marine
freshwater & marine
25
What are organisms that live in aquatic ecosystems grouped by?
their habits & niches
their kingdoms & genus
their origins & aclimitizations
their location & adaptations
26
How does eutrophication happen?
naturally over time as organisms die in the waters they live in
both A & B
unnaturally when runoff carries pollution & fertilizers from land to water
only in ponds & lakes near farms where farmers use excess fertilizer
27
How do wetlands act as filters or sponges?
they absorb & remove pollutants from the water that flows through them
they absorb extra water when rivers overflow
they buffer shorelines against erosion
they trap carbon that would otherwise be released as carbon dioxide
28
What does a river change with?
the altitude & latitude through which it flows
the land & altitude through which it flows
the land & climate through which it flows
the climate & ecosystem through which it flows
29
How do wetlands control flooding?
they buffer shorelines against erosion
they absorb extra water when rivers overflow
they absorb & remove pollutants from the water that flows through them
they trap carbon that would otherwise be released as carbon dioxide
30
Where are most freshwater wetlands in the US located?
the Midwest
the Northeast
the Southwest
the Southeast
31
How are estuaries able to support many marien organisms?
they receive plenty of fresh water for organisms to consume & live in
they have plenty of light and an even mix of water & land for organisms
they receive light for photosynthesis & nutrients for plants/animals
they provide habitat & nesting areas for many fish & wildlife
32
The organisms that live in & around a marsh are generally adapted to what?
the specific range of temperatures of its waters
the specific range of available light of the area
the specific range of water levels throughout the day
the specific range of salinities of its waters
33
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
marshes & swamps
salt marshes & mangrove swamps
swamps & mangrove swamps
marshes & salt marshes
34
What are organisms that live in estuaries able to tolerate?
variations in sunlight
variations in moisture
variations in salinity
variations in water levels
35
What does wetland vegetation do for the atmosphere?
they absorb & remove pollutants from the water that flows through them
they buffer shorelines against erosion
they trap carbon that would otherwise be released as carbon dioxide
they absorb extra water when rivers overflow
36
Why are the arctic ecosystems at the North & South Poles marine ecosystems?
because no food can be grown on land
because nearly all the food comes from the ocean & seas
because nothing can survive on the land
because nearly all the animals live in the ocean & seas
37
Where do many rivers originate from?
snow melt in mountains
the headwaters of oceans
the runoff of estuaries
ice melt in glaciers
38
What 4 factors determine which organisms live in which areas of the water?
temperature & sunlight
oxygen & salinity
temperature, sunlight, oxygen & nutrients
sunlight, oxygen, & nutrients
39
What are two threats to organisms that live in the ocean?
apex predators of the ocean
runoff from the land
coastal pollution & overfishing
overfishing & global warming
40
Where are mangrove swamps found?
flat, poorly drained land
temperate & moderate zones
low, flat lands
tropical & subtropical zones
41
______ are organisms that can't swim against currents
phytoplankton
plankton
zooplankton
protists
42
What determines the types of organisms in an aquatic ecosystem?
the altitude of the ecosystem
the water’s salinity
the climate of the ecosystem
the water’s neutrality
43
What do freshwater wetlands do for shorelines?
they buffer shorelines against erosion
they absorb excess water to prevent flooding
they absorb pollutants that are found in ponds
they hold water that can be rationed out during droughts
44
Which ecosystem supports many marine organisms?
arctic ecosystems
coastal wetlands
estuaries
beaches
45
What 2 things do coastal wetlands do to protect areas?
protect the land from erosion & reduce damage created by storms
absorb excess rain & filter out pollutants and sediments
absorb runoff & prevents carbon from being released into the atmosphere
mix freshwater and saltwater to provide coastal plants water
