Which of the following is NOT a principle of the Bradley Method?

Uses machinery as much as possible

Which of the following best explains why there are few earthquakes in Australia?

The continent is in an intra plate environment

A change from greenhouse to icehouse conditions takes 10 million years & is probably caused by

Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere

Which location would inhabitants most likely experience tsunamis, earthquakes & volcanic gas?

The trench side of an island arc

What is the best way to prevent/reduce dryland salinity?

Plant deep rooted native plants

The correct order from oldest to youngest fossils are

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds

Define the term introduced species

A species that is not indigenous to a particular locality

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for reducing emissions at a local level?

Passing Laws to force companies to remove polluting gases

What is the purpose of precipitation in waste water treatment?

It allows soluble substances to be removed

Which of the following statements about cyanobacteria is true?

They are simple photosynthetic organisms

Which of the following best explains why Indonesia and the Philippines have similar rock types?

Oceanic crust is the source of rock in both locations

The characteristics of the Australian landscape which indicate geological stability are

Low nutrient soils and low relief of land

Which of the following contributes most to the movement of lithosphere plates?

Convection currents in the asthenospehre

An introduced species is classified as feral if

it was deliberately released into the wild by humans

Which of the following was a feature of the Archaean atmosphere?

It contained less oxygen than today

Which present day process was the likely cause of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake?

Build up of pressure within the Australian plate

What change would have been most significant in allowing plants to survive on land?

Development of reproductive system that relied less on water

What government department is in charge of Australia's quarantine?

Department of agriculture and water resources

How do fossils provide evidence of evolution by natural selection?

They can be compared to show similarities between species

Relative dating is based on which of the following?

Determining stratigraphic sequence

Which of the following is a natural source of Methane?

Fermentation in the gut of herbivorous animals

Why were CFC's used as a propellant in aerosol cans?

They are very chemically stable

Chemcials used to kill anything humans consider to be a pest

Which was a critical development that allowed animals to survive in terrestrial environments?

An ability to minimise water loss

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HSC: Earth and Envrionmental Science 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 and 9.5

100 termsStudBud Administration36 plays

#earthandenvironmentalscience #Tectonicimpacts #Environmentsthroughtime #caringforthecountry #introducedspeciesandtheaustralianenvironment

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the Bradley Method?
Disturb the soil as little as possible
Uses machinery as much as possible
Clear more weeds only as regeneration occurs
Work from the good areas to bad
2
Which of the following best explains why there are few earthquakes in Australia?
The continent is only subjected to suduction
The continent is in an intra plate environment
Earthquakes only occur at depth and are not felt at surface
Its tectonic setting leads to volcanic activity only
3
Which gas contributes the most to the greenhouse effect?
CFC
O3
CO2
O2
4
A change from greenhouse to icehouse conditions takes 10 million years & is probably caused by
Accumulation of CO2 from volcanic eruptions
Drifting of Antarctic Plate from the South Pole
Formation of dust clouds due to meteorite impacts
Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere
5
What does this image best represent?
Biomagnification
Bioaccumulation
6
Which location would inhabitants most likely experience tsunamis, earthquakes & volcanic gas?
The edge of a continent located in the middle of a plate
The trench side of an island arc
A coastal location adjacent to a large transform fault
An island arc in the middles of an ocean plate
7
Which of the following is NOT criteria used to select a biological control?
High dispersal
Specific to the pest species
Insect only
Free of native predators and diseases
8
What is the best way to prevent/reduce dryland salinity?
Plant deep rooted native plants
Irrigate the crops more
Contour ploughing
Mechanically remove the salt
9
The correct order from oldest to youngest fossils are
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds
Reptiles, fish amphibians, birds
Reptiles, fish, birds, mammals
Fish, mammals, birds, reptiles
10
What do CFC's destroy?
O3
O2
O
11
Define the term introduced species
A species that is not indigenous to a particular locality
A species that is native to a particular locality
A species that is indigenous to a particular locality
A species that is just visiting a particular locality
12
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for reducing emissions at a local level?
Voting for political parties who support reduction of CO2
Passing Laws to force companies to remove polluting gases
Recycle
reducing private vehicle usage
13
Which is not an alternative to pesticide use?
sowing seeds into stubble
metal tubes at the base of trees
netting on trees
Insect traps
14
Which of the following ratios is used to determine the existence of early life on Earth?
Carbon 14 to nitrogen 14
Oxygen 18 to oxygen 16
Carbon 13 to carbon 12
Carbon 14 to carbon 12
15
What is the biological control of the prickly pear?
Cactoblastis Moth
Cacti-bactus moth
American parasitic wasp
Bitou bush
16
What is the purpose of precipitation in waste water treatment?
It removes insoluble substances
This is not a process used in water treatment
It allows soluble substances to be removed
It sterilises the water
17
True or false: Some areas of Australia has naturally saline soils.
True
False
18
Which of the following statements about cyanobacteria is true?
They are simple photosynthetic organisms
They represent an evolutionary advance on green algae
They are known only from the fossil record
They are heterotrophic organisms
19
Which of the following best explains why Indonesia and the Philippines have similar rock types?
Both locations are ancient continental crustal areas
Volcanoes in both locations produce mainly basaltic lava
Oceanic crust is the source of rock in both locations
The weathering of rocks in both locations is very similar
20
The characteristics of the Australian landscape which indicate geological stability are
good farmland in Western Australia
mountains in the eastern states
Low nutrient soils and low relief of land
rich soils and good rainfall
21
What relationship does this graph represent?
Parasite
Predator-prey
Marriage
Disease
22
Which of the following contributes most to the movement of lithosphere plates?
Convection currents in the asthenospehre
Convection currents in the lithosphere
Movement of molten material in the inner core
Crustal fractures due to tensional forces
23
An introduced species is classified as feral if
it migrated via natural events
it was deliberately released into the wild by humans
if it attacks humans
It was accidently introduced by humans
24
Which of the following was a feature of the Archaean atmosphere?
It contained less oxygen than today
It did not contain nitrogen
It was composed only of methane and ammonia
It contain more ozone than the atmosphere today
25
What is the best way to prevent soil erosion next to rivers and land next to roadways?
Plant native plants
Compacting the soil
Clear the land
Sand banking
26
The Rabbit quickly became a pest in Australia because
There was a range of food resources
The climate was suitable
It has a high reproductive capacity
All of the above
27
Which material from volcanic eruptions contributes most to a decrease in global temperatures
radon
water vapour
Carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
28
Why was the can toad introduced to Australia?
As a biological control
It migrated on ocean currents
For meat
For sport
29
Which present day process was the likely cause of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake?
Build up of pressure within the Australian plate
Divergent rifting of a margin along Australia's east coast
Subduction of the Pacific plate under the Australian plate
Thermal uplift causing mountain building in East Australia
30
What is the term used to describe an organism which is unintentionally affected by pesticides?
innocent victim
non-target species
pest
native species
31
What abiotic factor do deer impact on the most?
Sunlight penetration
Soil salinity
pH of soil
Soil compaction
32
What does this image best represent?
Global warming
Climate change
The hole in the ozone layer
The greenhouse effect
33
What type of salinity does this image represent?
Urban
Irrigation
Dryland
34
Diverting storm water through articifial wetlands prevents
Biomagnification
Eutrophication
Pollution
Salinity
35
Which organism has been controlled via male sterilisation?
Rabbit
Cane toad
Fruit fly
Deer
36
What change would have been most significant in allowing plants to survive on land?
Ability to produce energy using oxygen
Development of reproductive system that relied less on water
Ability to produce energy from chemosynthesis
Development of large tissues and cells with a nucleus
37
Biomagnficiation of a pesticide usually has the greatest impact on
Plants
Insects
Top predators
Introduced speceis
38
What does the following image show?
Biomagnification
Pollution
Eutrophication
Salinity
39
Due to its high biosecurity laws, Australia is free of:
Swine flu
Chicken pox
Foot and mouth disease
Pistol and Boo
40
What was the international strategy to combact ozone depletion?
Montreal Agreement
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Paris agreement
41
What is the more likely global effect from a large explosive volcanic eruption?
An increase in temperature
An increase in rainfall
A decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
A decrease in temperature
42
What government department is in charge of Australia's quarantine?
AQISI
Department of agriculture and water resources
department of agriculture and aquatic resources
AQIS
43
How do fossils provide evidence of evolution by natural selection?
Can be analysed to interpret competition between species
They can be compared to show similarities between species
They can be mapped to show the distribution of each species
They can be dated to determine an absolute age
44
Relative dating is based on which of the following?
Determining stratigraphic sequence
Using carbon-14
Measuring radioactive isotopes
Establishing the complexity of fossils
45
What was the original biological control used to control rabbit numbers?
Caliicvirus
Myxomatosis virus
Foxes
Cane toad
46
Which of the following is a natural source of Methane?
Fermentation in the gut of herbivorous animals
Volcanic eruptions
Release from coal mining
release from land-fill garbage dumps
47
Why were CFC's used as a propellant in aerosol cans?
They are highly reactive
They are very chemically stable
They destroy ozone
They smell good
48
Define pesticide
Chemicals used to kill insects
Chemcials used to kill anything humans consider to be a pest
Organic substance used to kill pests
A type of herbicide
49
Which was a critical development that allowed animals to survive in terrestrial environments?
An internal skeleton for support
An ability to minimise water loss
An ability to regulate body temperature
An efficient circulatory sytem
50
Which is an example of an alternative irrigation method used to prevent irrigation salinity?
Dispersion irrigation
Flood irrigation
Drip irrigation
Channel irrigation
51
Why was lantana introduced to Australia?
For its red dye
It migrated via bird droppings
For sport
As a garden plant
52
Which of the following list contains only greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide, chloroflurocarbons, hydrogen
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
methane, nitrogen, nitrous oxide
53
What is the most common rock type found in oceanic crust?
Granite
Basalt
Limestone
Mudstone
54
Which of the following is the best alternative to the use of pesticides?
Biological control
Integrated pest management
Male sterilisation
Genetic engineering
55
What is the best description of Ediacaran metazoans?
Animals with hardened body parts
primitive photosynthetic organisms
Soft bodied multi-cellular animals
Simple single celled organisms
56
What was an environmental consequence of the Snowy Mountains Scheme?
Reduced environmental flow of river
Increased environmental flow of river
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
57
All significant BIFs were formed before 1800mya. What were the conditions of early before this?
Weathering of the iron-rich rocks has not commenced
Deep ocean basins had not formed
Photosynthetic organisms were abundant
The was little free oxygen in the atmosphere
58
Which of the following best describes stromatolites?
Rod-like structures produced by volcanic vents
Structures produced by living organism that trap sediment
Chalk deposits precipitated by coral-like animals
Fossilised remains of animals that inhabit the deep ocean
59
Observations of the Cambrian fossil record has resulted in the use of the term explosion. Why?
There was an apparent increase in the diversity of life
Most genera was destroyed
An increase in volcanic activity led to rapid evolution
The first land-based vertebrate species appeared
60
What are the three requirements for a garbage disposal site?
Pervious rock, no faults in rock, tectonically stable
Impervious rock, no faults in rock, tectonically instable
Impervious rock, faults in rock, tectonically stable
Impervious rock, no faults in rock, tectonically stable
61
Which of the following is NOT a type of biological control?
Culling
Male sterilisation
Predator-prey
Disease
62
Precipitation allows
CFCs to be removed from the atmosphere
Insoluble substances to be remove from waste water
Soluble substances to be removed from waste water
for a cooler climate
63
What are some of the main hazards associated with volcanoes?
Ash flows, fault movements, poisonous gases
Lahars, lava flows, poisonous gases
Ash flows, fault movements, thermal uplift
Lahars, lava flows, thermal uplift
64
Which is true according to the convection current hypothesis of plate motion?
Colder regions in the mantle attract plates
Up-welling in the mantle pushes plates apart
Hot spots in the mantle cause lithosphere thickening
Down welling in the mantle causes transform faults
65
What were the two main weeds affecting the ecosystem you studied?
Bitou bush and mother of millions
Lantana and mother of millions
Prickly pear and bitou bush
Bitou bush and lantana
66
What is the most likely tectoinc setting of Japan?
A convergent plate boundary
A divergent plate boundary
An intraplate hot spot
A convergent plate boundary
67
What does this prevent?
Salinity
Weeds
Introduced species
Soil erosion
68
Which describes the growth of the Australian continent over geological time?
South to north
East to west
West to east
North to south
69
The human activity source of nitrogen oxide gases is
Landfill garbage dumps
Coal mining operations
vehicle exhausts
smelting of metal ores
70
What year was the Eurpoean Rabbit introduced to Australia?
1842
1859
1809
1894
71
In which layer of the atmosphere is the highest concentration of ozone?
Ionosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
72
How was alligator weed introduced to the Hunter River?
Accidently via ballast water
Intentionally via ocean currents
Intentionally via ballast water
Accidently via ocean currents
73
Irrigation salanity is often a result of
sea water intrusion into aquifers when water tables fall
Excess water reaching and raising the water table
Flood irrigation washing salt from salt pans into crops
Irrigating crops with salty water
74
On what basis has the geological time scale been divided into eons?
Thickness of rock strata
Radio isotopes in different rock strata
Fossil evidence in rock layers
Types of rocks
75
Which represents the complete burning of octane?
Octane + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
Octane + carbon dioxide --> carbon monoxide + water
Octane + oxygen --> hydrocarbon + water
Octane + carbon dioxide --> oxygen + water
76
Which of the following is the oldest life form?
single celled animals
Algae
Ediacaran metazoans
Cyanobacteria
77
Which is a common short term effect of major explosive volcanic eruptions?
Decreased biodiversity due to dispersion of toxic metals
Decrease plant production due to reduction of sunlight
Increased rates of weathering due to acid rain
Increased plant growth due to carbon dioxide emissions
78
Why was the formation of the ozone layer important to the evolution of life on earth?
Ozone filters ultraviolet radiation
Ozone allows a build up of ultraviolet radiation
Ozone filters visible light
Ozone allows a build up of long wave radiation
79
Which of the following appears in the geological record immediately after the Cambrian event?
A diversity of hard shelled organisms in marine enviroments
A diversity of primitive fish in marine environments
The first multi cellular organisms in deep marine ocean
The first terrestrial plants in swampy environments
80
The cane toad was original introduced as a biological control for the
Cane cat
Cane possum
Sugar cane
Cane grub
81
What environmental issues does SO₂mainly cause?
Climate change
Acid rain
Thinning of the ozone layer
Global warming
82
Over geological time which of the following is best explained by the plate tectonic supercycle?
Cyclical patterns of earthquakes
Formation and breakup of supercontinents
Mass extinctions and explosions of life
Cycling of continental crust from subduction zones to MORs
83
What advantage did hard-shelled animals have over soft-bodied metazoans in the Edicaran?
They were better protected from predators
They were able to move more efficiently
They were more readily preserved as fossils
They could exploit deeper marine environments
84
What weed is shown in the picture?
Lantana
mother of millions
Prickly pear
Bitou bush
85
sulfur dioxide + water -->
Sulfate acid
Carbonic acid
Sulfuric acid
sulfurous acid
86
What type of soil is found in Western Australia?
Lateritic
Yellow
Basalt-derived
Weak
87
Why was the Water Management Act introduced in 2001?
To stop dryland salanity
To stop pollution of rivers
To control the amount of water taken out of rivers
To annoy farmers
88
What is the cause of an explosive radiation of new species after a mass extinction event?
the mutation of DNA
Increased competition between organisms
A significant environmental change
Depletion of the ozone layer
89
Which of the following best explain the extinction of the megafauna in Australia?
Volcanic eruptions & European settlement
Hunting by human & volcanic eruptions
Climate change & hunting by humans
chuck norris
90
What are the three essential requirements for fossil formation?
Bacteria, slow burial, water
Limited decay, quick burial, water
Limited decay, remaining undisturbed, water
Limited decay, quick burial, remaining undistrubed
91
In which division of geological time did organisms first expand onto terrestrial environments?
Proterozoic
Cenozoic
Palaeozoic
Mesozoic
92
In which part of the Phanerozoic fossil record do mammals first appear?
The Mesozoic
The Proterozoic
The Cenozoic
The Palaeozoic
93
What is this image showing?
Drain
Dam
Bridge
Pollution trap
94
The deer in the Royal National Park were introduced from
England
Indonesia
Africa
America
95
Which types of structures and igneous rock are most likely to be found at a convergent boundary
Normal faults and granite
Normal faults and basalt
Transform faults and rhyolite
Reverse faults and andesite
96
Which list contains only abiotic factors?
pH, sunlight intensity, temperature
pH, oxygen availability, parasites
Temperature, disease, soil salinity
Wind direction, sunlight intensity, prey
97
What was the name of the ecosystem you studied that had undergone significant rehabilitation?
Towra Bay Nature reserve
Jibbon Beach
Bundeena Nature Reserve
Towra Point Nature Reserve
98
What is the term used to describe the movement of water in plants from the roots to the leaves?
Evaporation
Translocation
Transpiration
Precipitation
99
The build up of chemcials inside an individual organism is called
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
100
What pest was the American parasitic wasp used to control?
Weevil
Salvinia
Lucerne
Aphids

HSC: Earth and Envrionmental Science 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 and 9.5 Flashcards | StudBud