stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Chem Final Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Chem Final
Chem Final
69 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
519 plays
#chemistry
Flashcards
69 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
69
Answers
1
When the octet rule is satisfied, the outermost______ are filled
s and p orbitals
d and p orbitals
s and s orbitals
d and f orbitals
2
An atom is electrically neutral because
the number of protons and neutrons is equal
the number of protons and electrons is equal
neutrons balance the protons and electrons
nuclear forces stabilize the charges
3
According to kinetic molecular theory, which substances are made of particles?
all matter except solids
all gases
all matter
ideal gases only
4
Which of the following chemicals are dangerous
all bases
sodium bicarbonate
strong acids and strong bases
all acids
5
A compound that vaporizes readily at room temperature is most likely to be a(n)
brittle compound
ionic compound
molecular compound
metal
6
Unlike in an ideal gas, in a real gas particles
exert attractive forces on each other
cannot diffuse
move in the same direction
have the same kinetic energy
7
Particles within a solid
vibrate energetically
do not move
vibrate weakly in place
exchange positions easily
8
Which is not a property of metals
tensile strength
ability to conduct heat and electricity
unreactivity
malleability
9
Elements in which the d-sublevel is being filled have properties of
nonmetals
gases
metalloids
metals
10
A molecule is a
positive group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
negative group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
neutral group of atoms held together by ionic bonds
11
The symbols for the units of length in order from smallest to largest is
cm, m, km, mm
km, m, cm, mm
cm, km, m, mm
mm, cm, m, km
12
bases feel
dry
moist
slippery
rough
13
The compressibility of a liquid is generally
zero
more than that of a gas
equal to that of a gas
less than that of a gas
14
Compared with nonmetals, the # of valence electrons in metals is generally
almost triple that of nonmetals
greater
about the same
smaller
15
A polar molecule contains
no bonds
only London forces
ions
a region of positive charge and aregion of negative charge
16
When melting and freezing proceed at the same rate, the system is
metallic
amorphous
in equilibrium
sublimated
17
Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar
atomic numbers
properties
atomic masses
numbers of neutrons
18
What does the 238 in uranium-238 represent?
the mass number
the neutron number
the mass defect
the atomic number
19
The elements that border the staircase line in the periodic table are
metalloids
nonmetals
gases
inactive
20
The particles in both gases and liquids
are packed closely together
vibrate in fixed positions
can change position with other particles
consist only of atoms
21
The bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n)
Lewis structure
ionic bond
covalent bond
orbital bond
22
What causes particles in a liquid to escape into a gas?
the combining of liquids
a freezing temperature
high kinetic energy
surface tension
23
In a crystal of an ionic compound, each cation is surrounded by
positive ions
anions
dipoles
molecules
24
What acid is used to make fertilizers, detergents and beverages
phosphoric acid
sulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
25
Because most particles fired at metal foil passed straight through, Rutherford concluded that
atoms were indivisible.
electrons formed the nucleus.
atoms contained no charged particles
atoms were mostly empty space
26
What's the best reason the atomic radius generally increases with atomic number in each group?
The number of neutrons increases.
A new octet forms.
The number of energy levels increases.
The nuclear charge increases.
27
Group 18 elements are also called
halogens
noble gases
metalloids
alkali metals
28
If you have a solution of a weak acid and its salt and you add a small amount of acid, what happens to the pH?
It always increases considerably.
It may increase or decrease
It always decreases considerably
It remains nearly constant.
29
Because a few positive particles bounced back from the foil Rutherford concluded that they were
magnetic
striking electrons
indivisible.
repelled by densely packed regions of positive charge
30
If the temperature of a liquid-vapor system at equilibrium is reduced, the
equilibrium is unaffected
percentage of liquid decreases
rate of evaporation increases
concentration of vapor decreases
31
When heated, a pure crystalline solid will
melt over a wide temperature range
melt at a temperature above its freezing temperature
gradually soften before it melts
exhibit a definite melting temperature
32
What acid is made in the stomach?
hydrochloric acid
hydrofluoric acid
phosphoric acid
acetic acid
33
Atoms are ______when they are combined
not bound together
at a higher potential energy
more stable
less stable
34
Nonpolar covalent bonds are not common because
one atom usually attracts the electrons more strongly
dipoles are rare in nature
ions always form when atoms join
the electrons usually remain equally distant for both atoms
35
A bright-line spectrum of an atom is caused by the energy released when electrons
absorb energy and jump to a higher level
absorb energy and fall to a lower level
jump to a higher level
fall to a lower level
36
The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when atoms form molecules are called
valence electrons.
inner-shell electrons
electron cloud
ions.
37
A volatile liquid
is ionic
has an odor
evaporates readily
has strong attractive forces between particles
38
Compared with the particles in a gas, particles in a liquid
move around less
have more energy
are farther apart
are larger
39
A chemical bond formed by the attractions between positive ions and mobile electrons is a(n)
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
metallic bond
nonpolar covalent bond
40
bases taste
soapy
sour
bitter
sweet
41
Particles escape fom the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state
aeration
evaporation
surface tension
vaporization
42
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gases condense into liquids because
forces between molecules
atmospheric pressure
elastic collisions
gravity
43
According to VSEPR theory, the repulsion between electron pairs causes
an electron sea to form
the pairs to separated as far as possible
light to reflect
positive ions to form
44
A bond resulting from the attraction between positive and negative ions is called a(n)
ionic bond
charged bond
dipole bond
covalent bond
45
For an electron to change from the ground state to an excited state,
energy must be released
energy must be absorbed
the electron transitions from a high level to a low level
radiation must be emitted
46
If the atoms that share electrons have an unequal attraction for electrons, the bond is called
dipolar
ionic
nonpolar
polar
47
Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the
nuclides
protons
nucleus
electron cloud
48
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of reactants is ___ the mass of products
less than
greater than
equal to
either greater than or less than
49
If an atom has an octet of electrons in its highest level, there are __ electrons in this level
32
2
10
8
50
By which process do gases take the shape of their container?
adhesion
expansion
diffusion
evaporation
51
Ethylene glycol boils at higher temps than water. This shows that its attractive forces are
nonexistent
stronger than those of water
the same as those of water
weaker than those of water
52
As you move left to right across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii
generally increase
generally decrease
change unpredictably
do not change
53
A substance that ionizes nearly completely in aqueous solutions and produces H3O+ is a
weak base
strong base
strong acid
weak acid
54
In a conjugate acid-base pair, the acid typically has
two fewer protons than the base
one fewer proton than the base
one more proton that the base
the same number of protons as the base
55
What are the products of the reaction of an acid and a base
a salt and water
a base and water
plasma
ammonia and vineger
56
As light strikes the surface of a metal, the electrons in the elcetron sea
become attached to particular positive ions
absorb and re-emit light
fall to lower energy levels
allow the light to pass through
57
A solid forms when the average energy of a substance's particles
decreases
increases
creates a disorderly arrangement
decreases then increases
58
which acid is used in batteries
sulfuric acid
nitric acid
hydrochloric acid
phosphoric acid
59
The energy level of particles in a solid is
lower than the energy of the particles in a liquid and a gas
higher than the energy of particles in a liquid
higher than the energy of the particles in a gas
high enough to allow the particles to swap places
60
According to kinetic molecular theory, particles of matter
are in constant motion
are always fluid
have different colors
have different shapes
61
The nucleus of most atoms is composed of
tightly packed protons and neutrons
tightly packed protons
loosely packed protons and electrons
tightly packed neutrons
62
A nuclear particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no charge, is an
nuclide
isotope
neutron
electron
63
Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of
electrons
neutrons
nuclides
protons
64
In the modern periodic table, elements are ordered according to
decreasing atomic number
Mendeleev's original design
the date of their discovery
increasing atomic number
65
The intermolecular forces between particles are
more effective in liquids than in gases
less effective in solids than in liquids
more effective in gases than in solids
equally effective in gasess and liquids
66
IF, after drawing a Lewis structure, too many electrons are used, the molecule probably has
one or more multiple bonds
too many unshared pairs of electrons
too many atoms
an ionic bond
67
The part of the atom where electrons CANNOT be found is the
orbitals
electron cloud
nucleus
area surrounding the nucleus
68
If a gas is released in a room, it can be quickly detected across the room because it
condenses
diffuses
is compressed
is dense
69
acids taste
sour
sweet
salty
bitter
