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Psychology Semester Review
Psychology Semester Review
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review for the final exam
Flashcards
50 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Feeling that you have the ability to affect the outcome of a situation best describes
conquest
control
commitment
challenge
2
Most researchers today believe that human behavior is determined by
neither nature nor nurture.
nature.
nurture.
a combination of nature and nurture.
3
A person who is ruminating would be most likely to repeat the following statements?
I can do this.
I will do the best I can.
Tomorrow is a new day.
I am not good at this.
4
operant conditioning, secondary reinforcer, fixed-ratio schedule are most associated with
Sigmund Freud
Harry Harlow
James Watson
B.F. Skinner
5
Rebecca is autistic. Her symptoms most likely became apparent to her parents
when she was in college.
after she tried to hold down a job as an adult.
within weeks of being born.
when she was approximately age three.
6
When a test has been shown to be able to indicate future performance, psychologists say
the test has test-retest validity.
the test is standardized.
the test has interscorer validity.
the test has predictive validity.
7
Why are questionnaires a useful way to conduct research?
The are easy to administer and provide much information
The results have greater validity than other research method
They provide a great deal of specific information.
They gather information over a long period of time.
8
The Stanford-Binet test is used to measure intelligence in terms of
mental age.
reading ability.
manual dexterity.
verbal ability.
9
_________ personality test such as the Rorschach can be scored in many different ways.
Multiple-choice
Objective
Assessment
Projective
10
A hypothesis is
the independent variable.
the final conclusion.
the dependent variable.
an educated guess.
11
One major difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is
a psychologist goes to school less
a psychiatrist is a medical doctor
All are true
a psychiatrist can prescribe medicine
12
In the drive-reduction theory a psychologist explains motivation in terms
of underlying physiological states.
of instinctual behaviors.
of social learning.
of awards and punishments.
13
Genes are
not thought to influence a person's behavior.
identical in siblings who have the same parents.
passed along from parent to child.
identical in fraternal twins.
14
Kyle has a fear of failure when it comes to schoolwork. What classes would he likely choose?
classes that have nothing to do with his career interests
classes that he has with a friend so he can cheat
classes that are too easy or too hard
classes that don't interest him
15
The goal of classical conditioning is for a conditioned stimulus to elicit
reinforcement.
a conditioned response.
an unconditioned stimulus.
an automatic response.
16
Between the ages of 18 and 20,
adults typically reach their physical peak.
adults began to lose some of their cognitive abilities.
adults have difficult seeing and hearing.
adults show significant signs of aging.
17
Which of the following groups would be most likely to experience the placebo effect?
participants in a longitudinal study
a control group
college students
participants in a cross-sectional study
18
How is a conditioned stimuls similar to an unconditioned stimulus?
Both elicit a response.
Neither one elicits a response.
Both are natural responses that occur automatically.
Both must be learned.
19
A teacher gives her students tickets for good behavior. Tickets can be exchanged for candy.
This is an example of latent learning.
This is an example of punishments.
This is an example of cognitive mapping.
This is an example of a token economy.
20
Which of the following is true about how stress affects the human body?
Stress can be an indirect or direct cause of illness.
All stress is harmful.
All stress is good stress.
Stress cannot cause physical illness.
21
Which of the following are a symptoms of schizophrenia?
submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
severe deterioration in normal movement as well as delusions
imagined aches or pains
suicidal thoughts and headaches
22
When a person subconsciously blocks memories of a painful experience, this forgetting is called
amnesia
decay
indexing
repression
23
In which of these situations is a self-fulfilling prophecy least likely to occur?
an experiment using a random sample
a study using a stratified sample
an experiment using a double-blind approach
an experiment using a nonrepresentative sample
24
Researchers believe we sleep in order to
clear our minds of pointless information.
recover from exhaustion and stress.
conserve energy.
All of the above are theories.
25
In which parenting style do children seem to assume responsibility gradually as they mature?
uninvolved
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
26
Which of these activities can a baby do first?
sit up without support
roll over
suck
crawl
27
Which of the following is an example of an unpredictable reinforcement schedule?
fixed interval
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
28
How are quantitative research methods different from qualitative research methods?
They are more expensive.
They generally involve larger numbers of participants.
They are usually more time-consuming.
They use nonrepresentative samples.
29
Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?
dendrites
synapse
cell body
axon terminals
30
John is very creative and a talented musician, which part of his brain is likely dominant?
bottom brain
right brain
frontal brain
left brain
31
A likely cause of a person who experiences lack of energy and mood swings is
an injury.
lesions.
heredity.
hormonal imbalance.
32
Gestalt principles of organization explain how we
gain information by means other than the ordinary senses.
group our sensations to make sense of the world.
see images and hear sounds.
create illusions by distorting perceptions.
33
According to Erik Erikson, a successful midlife transition for men fosters a sense of
stagnation.
unrest.
resolution.
generativity.
34
According to the state-dependent learning theory, where is the best place to study for an exam?
a room with no distractions
a park with beautiful scenery
a cool and dark room
the classroom where you will take the exam
35
The ______theory of motivation stresses the role of environment in motivating behavior.
incentive
drive-reduction
overjustification
instinct
36
It is determined that the average score for a large representative sample group is 350, scorers
have standardized the way in which the test is administered.
have established the test's norm.
have verified the test's validity.
have created a percentile system.
37
A test designed to find out whether an individual would make a good teacher based on his skills
intelligence test
aptitude test
interest inventory
achievement test
38
A loud, and talkative classroom while taking a test could be considered a(n)
environmental stressor.
eustress situation.
secondary appraisal.
uplift.
39
According to Abraham Maslow, installing an alarm system in a house is addressing what need?
safety need
friendship & love needs
psychological need
physiological need
40
Ellie has learned that if she jumps up and down in her crib, her father will pick her up. This
an example of operant conditioning.
is an example of classical conditioning.
an example of chaining.
is an example of avoidance conditioning.
41
The owner of a landscaping business refusing to hire a qualified young woman might be an
example of gender identity.
example of identity crisis.
example of gender stereotyping.
example of racism.
42
Ryan often experiences a sense of choking, dizziness, nausea and chest pains. He could be
experiencing a dissociative disorder.
experiencing panic disorder.
experiencing a mood disorder.
experiencing a bipolar disorder.
43
A person suffered a head injury and could no longer hear, which part of the brain was affected?
occipitial lobe
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
44
If you relate new information to material that you already know, you are practicing
the Method of Loci.
elaborative rehearsal.
chunking.
the spacing effect.
45
In Harry Harlow's study, the baby monkeys preferred
the first mother they touched.
the cloth monkey over the wire mother.
the mother that fed them even if it were wire.
the largest mother.
46
A psychologist who uses the results of a study to solve a patient's problem is practicing
basic science.
applied science.
psychiatry.
behaviorism.
47
Michael says he cannot find a good job because he is unlucky. He most likely is exhibiting
programmed learning
discrimmination
aversion control
learned helplessness
48
When you recite ROY G. BIV to remember the colors, you are using a
eidetic memory.
schema.
mental story.
mnemonic device.
49
Which description best explains a theory?
information based solely on observations
an explanation based on findings from many experiments
the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena
an assumption about how an experiment will turn out
50
According to Jean Piaget, which refers to a child applying an existing schema to a new object?
accommodation.
intuitive reasoning.
assimilation.
sensorimotor intelligence.
