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CP Psych Exam Review
CP Psych Exam Review
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1
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
2
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
3
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
4
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
5
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
6
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
7
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
8
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
9
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
10
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
11
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
12
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
13
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
behavioral
situational
14
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
15
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
clap their hands
cut with a knife
16
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
17
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
18
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
scapegoating
stereotyping
19
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
20
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
21
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
22
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
humanistic
biological
trait
23
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
24
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
standardized
achievement
projective
25
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
26
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
latent learning
27
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
gestalt therapy
28
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
29
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
30
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
31
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
32
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
33
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
34
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
35
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
36
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
37
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
38
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
39
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random sampling
40
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
blind spot
fovea
retina
41
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
42
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
43
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
44
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
45
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
46
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
47
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
48
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
49
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
50
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
51
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
52
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
53
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
54
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
55
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
56
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
57
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
58
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
59
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
60
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
medulla
61
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
stepping
Babinski
62
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
63
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cones
optic nerve
cornea
64
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
65
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
66
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
67
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
68
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
beta waves
69
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
70
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
71
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
72
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
73
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
74
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
75
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
76
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
standardization
construct validity
77
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
78
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
79
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
80
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
token economy
81
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
smell
sight
82
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
83
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
84
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
structuralist
85
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
86
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
87
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
88
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
89
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
90
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
91
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
92
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
93
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
94
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
95
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
96
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
97
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
98
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
99
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
100
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
grapheme
holobase
morpheme
101
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
102
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
103
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
104
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
105
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
106
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
107
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
108
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
109
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
110
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
111
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pons
112
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
113
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
adrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
114
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
115
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
116
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
117
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
sight
balance
118
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
119
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
120
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
convergence
121
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
122
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
123
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
124
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social roles
social facilitation
125
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
126
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
127
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
128
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
129
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
130
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
131
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
132
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
133
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
68
95
84
134
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
135
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
136
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
internal
external
fundamental
137
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
138
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
William James
B.F. Skinner
139
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
140
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
MRI
PET
rTMS
141
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
oral stage
anal stage
142
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
143
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
144
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
145
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
146
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
147
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
148
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
149
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
150
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
151
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
152
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
153
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
154
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
155
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
circadian rhythm
personalities
156
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
157
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
158
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
159
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
primary
partial
160
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
161
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
162
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
standard deviation
mean
163
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly