Unit 2: Interactions Among Institutions

People who live and vote in a government official's district or state

Courts

When a state law conflicts with a federal law

judicial interpretation of legislative acts

Congress

Authority claimed by the president that is clearly specified in the Constitution.

The Constitution said the president must be ALL BUT

Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party

One party controls White House, other controls at least part of Congress

Has the most power in the senate

Complex organization in which employees have specific responsibilities within hierarchy

Law requiring each government agency to implement quantifiable standards to measure performance

POTUS

Most criminal cases are prosecuted

higher court ordering lower court to perform duty

Middle tier, 3 judge panel

All of these are part of the incumbency effect, EXCEPT

___ of the Senate is elected every 2 years

The majority of the Civil Service changes with each election

Authority claimed by the president that is not clearly specified in the Constitution.

Regulatory commissions

Most important thing SCOTUS justices do

Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs?

Can Raise an Army and Navy

Number of appeals circuits in the US

admission of guilt in exchange for lesser punishment

SCOTUS hears case first

Most criminal cases end in

Ind. agencies make, enforce, & adjudicate rules, risk violating the constitutional concept of

Most likely to head a committee

You can filibuster Presidential Nominations

A case goes to court

Government intervention in the workings of a business market to promote socially desired goal.

Can approve presidential appointments

Decided court judgement enforced by government

Second highest ranking member in the House of Representatives

Can impeach a president

Where federal litigation starts

Appeals are

Process by which Congress gives executive branch authority to address problems

The administrative process that results in issuance of regulations

Presiding officer House of Representatives

Approve treaties with foreign nations

Parliamentary Government usually

Committee made of members of both House and Senate

In the recent past, the Supreme Court has __ racial gerrymandering

In charge of the troops

Federal funds set aside intentionally to be used for local projects to reward congressmen

House terms are ___ years long

Agrees with Majority

A belief that constituents are most effectively represented by legislators similar to them

explanation of judge’s ruling

Temporary for specific purpose, disbanded after purpose is fulfilled

Reviewing the operations of an agency to determine whether it's carrying out intended policies

Process of gaining state’s support for federal judge candidate before presidential appointment

Cases involving private disputes such as accident and divorce

Group of presidential advisors that head executive departments

The Take Care Clause and Vesting Clause combine to make

Represents national government/ POTUS in front of SCOTUS

Federal government is incapable of acting in important issues during

Create Civil Service

Usually leads senate

Used in the senate to prevent bill from coming to vote by delaying through unlimited debate

If POTUS ignores a bill for 10 days and Congress is in session

Lowest tier of federal courts

Agencies of executive branch controlling or directing some aspect of economy

Originalism: founders’ intended interpretation of Constitution; “Strict Constructionist”

Cases involving a violation of law or public order

Legal precedents derived from previous judicial decisions

Promote preferred social/ political goals over elected branches’ wishes

redistricting putting all Republicans into one area so that the surrounding area goes Democrat

President's executive aides and their staffs, not approved by Congress

Redistribution of representatives among states is based on

POTUS appoints the majority of the Bureaucracy

Not confirmed by Senate

generates solidarity; social, intellectual and policy leadership in SCOTUS

Formal charging of a government official with "treason, bribery, or other high crimes"

No matter the shape, gerrymandered districts must be

Line-Item vetoes are constitutional

The Department of ________ is the largest government department in terms of number of employees

Unwritten rules that guide individual behavior

Can Create and Remove Courts

Redistribution of representatives among states is called

In order for a case to be heard at the Supreme Court,

series of decisions resulting in modest change, how most change is made bureaucratically

apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court

___ of the House is elected every 2 years

Most likely to win in an election

Filibuster cut off by 60 votes

people acting as communication between White House and Congress

Legal agreement between two or more countries

Anything to help “faithfully execute” the law, often expanded during conflict

majority leader proposes all amendments to a post-cloture bill, preventing minority amendments

Current Officeholder

temporary committee created to work out Senate/House differences on legislation

All are ways Congress can check the bureaucracy, EXCEPT

Representative must represent majority rule of constituents, even if against their opinion

Drawing of legislative district to maximize the chance a minority candidate will win

A bureaucratic reform by which the government reduces its role as a regulator of business.

Representative not obligated to vote with constituents, can go with their gut

Senate terms are ___ years long

spreading voters of 1 type over many districts so they're always the minority with no influence

SCOTUS hears case after it goes through appeals process

1993 case limiting racial gerrymandering if the shape is too weird

President must consult Congress before involving troops, can only be there for 60 days

Presidential directives that create or modify laws without approval of Congress

Can convict a president

only allows amendments to come from committee that brought the bill to the floor of the chamber

Originates revenue bill

Created federal courts that would coexist with state courts but be independent of them

Describes POTUS's job as Chief Fundraiser, Looks to bridge divide in party

More likely to want bigger government with more regulations

seeking judicial review

Requesting bill is held from floor debate

perform services better provided by government than private sector

Super similar to treaty, but doesn’t require Senate Approval

Can Declare War

“Let the Decision Stand” according to precedent

The power to declare congressional and presidential acts unconstitutional

Constitutional Leader Senate

Decides a presidential election if no one gets 270 electoral votes

Permanent committee, specializes in policy area

Can regulate interstate commerce

President's explicit disapproval of a bill that has been passed by both houses of Congress

biggest units of the executive branch

Solving problems fore constituents, especially problems with government agencies

A LOT of public policy decision-making happens

Presidential Order of Succession

Next step in a bill becoming a law after it is introduced