According to Garrett’s production model, the functional level involves:

B. Predicate argument structure and semantic lexical selection

The neuropsychological classification of writing disorders is based on:

C. Cognitive processing models of single-word production

Which of the following best explains visual alexia?

B. Reading errors due to visual similarity between words

In the ICF framework, functional writing in therapy contributes most directly to:

B. Enhancing activity and participation

ARCS and PICS are treatments focused on:

C. Strategy-based text reading and summarization

Phonological alexia treatment often includes:

C. Grapheme-to-phoneme retraining

Allographic dysgraphia refers to:

B. Difficulty selecting correct letter shapes or cases

Current evidence-based treatment for alexia emphasizes:

C. Multi-level intervention targeting words and sentences

Future directions in aphasia therapy emphasize:

C. Integration of cultural and personal discourse contexts

Which of the following is a future direction in writing disorder treatment?

C. Integrating technology and functional writing tasks

9. Phonological dysgraphia is characterized by:

C. Difficulty spelling nonwords but preserved real word spelling

What is the primary focus of conversation analysis in aphasia?

C. Analyzing real-life social interactions

The Sentence Production Program for Aphasia (SPPA) is primarily used for:

C. Sentence production and word order problems

What distinguishes "discourse as an outcome" in therapy?

C. Evaluating real-world communication success

Pure alexia is typically associated with damage to which brain areas?

C. Left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum

Which of the following is an example of evaluative language?

C. Using metaphor and emotional emphasis

In the context of discourse therapy, what does “therapy IN discourse” refer to?

B. Practicing language in a natural conversation setting

Anagram and Copy Treatment (ACT) and Copy and Recall Treatment (CART) are used to:

B. Train spelling via the lexical route

Allographic dysgraphia involves:

A) Incorrect letter form selection

What distinguishes deep from phonological alexia?

C. Deep alexia includes semantic and morphological errors

What ethical consideration is especially relevant in collecting conversational data for aphasia research?

C. Anonymity and consent of conversation partners

Which of the following technological tools can assist with automated discourse analysis?

B. Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT)

The Hallidayan framework used in discourse analysis emphasizes which functions?

C. Experiential, interpersonal, and textual

According to the connectionist model, deep alexia may result from:

B. Weakened connections between semantic and phonological processes

The Treatment of Underlying Forms (TUF) is especially effective for:

C. Complex sentence structures such as clefts and passives

Which of the following distinguishes competence from performance in agrammatic aphasia?

C. Slow activation and high decay of syntactic knowledge

One barrier to comprehensive discourse analysis in clinical settings is:

D. Volume of data and skill required for transcription

The “conversational grammar” approach to agrammatism emphasizes:

B. Use of gestures and time markers for key concepts

Neglect alexia is best described as an impairment in:

C. Identifying initial or final letters in words

The dorsal reading network is more involved in:

C. Phonological-orthographic processing

Spatial or afferent dysgraphia is associated with:

B. Parietal and cerebellar dysfunction

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"Chapters 11–14: Reading, Writing, and Sentence Processing in Aphasia"

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Questions 98

Answers

1
Which type of dysgraphia results from impairment to the lexical-semantic route?
C. Semantic dysgraphia
D. Apraxic dysgraphia
B. Surface dysgraphia
A. Phonological dysgraphia
2
According to Garrett’s production model, the functional level involves:
B. Predicate argument structure and semantic lexical selection
C. Phonetic encoding
A. Phonological lexical selection
D. Articulation of surface forms
3
The neuropsychological classification of writing disorders is based on:
B. Speech fluency during writing
A. Lesion location only
C. Cognitive processing models of single-word production
D. Degree of motor impairment
4
Which of the following best explains visual alexia?
B. Reading errors due to visual similarity between words
A. Substitution with semantically related words
C. Inability to understand written syntax
D. Omission of function words
5
What is the most common type of alexia found in people with fluent aphasia?
A. Phonological alexia
D. Pure alexia
C. Surface alexia
B. Deep alexia
6
In the ICF framework, functional writing in therapy contributes most directly to:
D. Minimizing articulation errors
A. Reducing body function deficits
C. Improving sensory processing
B. Enhancing activity and participation
7
ARCS and PICS are treatments focused on:
A. Writing-to-dictation tasks
C. Strategy-based text reading and summarization
D. Visual scanning therapy
B. Phoneme-to-grapheme training
8
Phonological alexia treatment often includes:
A. Homophone matching tasks
B. Speeded word recognition
D. Reading fluency drills only
C. Grapheme-to-phoneme retraining
9
Which test assesses understanding of complex sentence forms through sentence-to-picture matching?
A. Sentence Production Test for Aphasia
B. SentenceShaper
C. PALPA
D. Sentence Completion Task
10
Allographic dysgraphia refers to:
B. Difficulty selecting correct letter shapes or cases
C. Semantic confusion in writing
C. Semantic confusion in writing
A. Misuse of grammatical morphemes
11
Which therapy targets complex syntax and grammar?
A) CAPPA
D) ARCS
C) TUF
B) REST
12
Garrett’s model describes sentence production from:
B) Message to articulation
D) Thought to output bypassing structure
A) Memory to movement
C) Semantics to phonology
13
Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of written language?
A. Visuospatial organization of graphic symbols
C. Motoric organization of orthographic output
B. Phonological decoding
C. Motoric organization of orthographic output
14
Current evidence-based treatment for alexia emphasizes:
A. Repetition drills alone
C. Multi-level intervention targeting words and sentences
D. Ignoring semantic deficits
B. Phase III trials across all alexia types
15
Future directions in aphasia therapy emphasize:
C. Integration of cultural and personal discourse contexts
D. Eliminating technology in treatment
A) Sentence-level grammar analysis exclusively
B. Standardized testing in all settings
16
A narrative-based therapy activity might include:
A. Word-finding games
D. Labeling household objects
C. Repeating scripted phrases
B. Journaling personal stories
17
Which of the following is a future direction in writing disorder treatment?
A. Reducing reliance on models of cognitive writing
B. Using therapy exclusively on paper-based tasks
C. Integrating technology and functional writing tasks
D. Avoiding social media-related communication goals
18
9. Phonological dysgraphia is characterized by:
A. Preserved spelling of nonwords
C. Difficulty spelling nonwords but preserved real word spelling
but preserved real word spelling
B. Inability to spell familiar words
19
Functional communication refers to
C) Oral reading fluency
A) Grammar use in therapy
B) Real-world language use
D) Formal academic writing
20
What is the primary focus of conversation analysis in aphasia?
C. Analyzing real-life social interactions
B. Scoring narrative cohesion
D. Counting correct information units (CIUs)
A. Identifying paraphasias and neologisms
21
The Sentence Production Program for Aphasia (SPPA) is primarily used for:
B. Treating tense errors
D. Conversational grammar practice
C. Sentence production and word order problems
A. Semantic therapy
22
What distinguishes "discourse as an outcome" in therapy?
A. Focusing only on grammar improvement
C. Evaluating real-world communication success
D. Emphasizing written narrative skills
A. Focusing only on grammar improvement
23
Which assessment task is best suited for evaluating verb retrieval impairments?
D. Grammaticality judgment task
B. NAVS
A. Kissing and Dancing Test
C. Sentence-to-picture matching
24
Which assessment approach considers a speaker's past life experiences and cultural background?
D. Sentence repetition
B. Narrative approach
C. Conversation analysis
A. Discourse perspective
25
Pure alexia is typically associated with damage to which brain areas?
C. Left occipital lobe and splenium of the corpus callosum
B. Right parietal lobe
A. Left inferior frontal gyrus
D. Bilateral temporal poles
26
Which of the following is an example of evaluative language?
C. Using metaphor and emotional emphasis
B. Repeating a clinician’s prompt
A. Naming an object in a picture
D. Describing colors and shapes
27
In the context of discourse therapy, what does “therapy IN discourse” refer to?
C. Isolated vocabulary drills
B. Practicing language in a natural conversation setting
A. Therapy that analyzes clients’ writing
D. Repetition of single-word lists
28
Which tool provides nonverbal assessment of conceptual processing through event perception?
D. SentenceShaper
A. Event Perception Test
B. VAST
C. NAVS
29
Agraphia refers to:
B) Difficulty understanding spoken words
A) Inability to recognize letters
D) Writing impairment
C) Visual neglect
30
Anagram and Copy Treatment (ACT) and Copy and Recall Treatment (CART) are used to:
B. Train spelling via the lexical route
D. Teach sentence construction
A. Improve graphemic buffer functioning
C. Strengthen oral-motor planning
31
Allographic dysgraphia involves:
D) Semantic mapping errors
B) Sentence structure misuse
C) Poor grapheme-motor planning
A) Incorrect letter form selection
32
What distinguishes deep from phonological alexia?
D. Phonological alexia affects letter recognition
B. Phonological alexia includes semantic errors
C. Deep alexia includes semantic and morphological errors
A. Deep alexia lacks pseudoword reading impairment
33
What ethical consideration is especially relevant in collecting conversational data for aphasia research?
A. Grammatical accuracy
D. Testing vocabulary range
C. Anonymity and consent of conversation partners
B. Comprehension testing
34
Which of the following technological tools can assist with automated discourse analysis?
D. CAPPA
A. SentenceShaper
C. PALPA
B. Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT)
35
The Hallidayan framework used in discourse analysis emphasizes which functions?
A. Phonological, morphological, syntactic
D. Expressive, receptive, and pragmatic
B. Referential, functional, situational
C. Experiential, interpersonal, and textual
36
According to the connectionist model, deep alexia may result from:
B. Weakened connections between semantic and phonological processes
A. Hyperactivation of the semantic system
D. Disrupted auditory comprehension
C. Overuse of the nonlexical route
37
Which assistive technology was developed to support writing through image selection and text generation?
A. T-CART
B. C-Speak Aphasia (CSA)
C. VRS
D. SALT
38
Which type of alexia is characterized by letter-by-letter reading?
C. Attentional alexia
B. Pure alexia
A. Surface alexia
D. Deep alexia
39
Agraphia with alexia is most commonly associated with lesions in which area?
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
A. Frontal lobe
40
The Treatment of Underlying Forms (TUF) is especially effective for:
D. Naming individual nouns
A. Free-standing morphology errors
C. Complex sentence structures such as clefts and passives
B. Tense marking
41
Which of the following distinguishes competence from performance in agrammatic aphasia?
D. Inability to use verbs in any context
A. A true syntactic deficit
C. Slow activation and high decay of syntactic knowledge
B. Poor understanding of grammar rules
42
One barrier to comprehensive discourse analysis in clinical settings is:
C. Difficulty in identifying sentence types
B. Ethical concerns in conversation recording
D. Volume of data and skill required for transcription
A. Lack of interest from patients
43
The “conversational grammar” approach to agrammatism emphasizes:
C. Sentence repetition drills
D. Purely verbal therapy techniques
A. Mapping formal syntax
B. Use of gestures and time markers for key concepts
44
Which narrative activity supports identity rebuilding?
A) Cloze tasks
C) Segmenting syllables
D) Object matching
B) Journaling and portfolios
45
Which dysgraphia type often linked to the inability to spell irregular words due to orthographic output lexicon damage?
A. Surface dysgraphia
D. Semantic dysgraphia
B. Apraxic dysgraphia
C. Graphemic buffer impairment
46
Agrammatism is most associated with which aphasia type?
C) Broca’s
B) Conduction
D) Anomic
A) Wernicke’s
47
Which task is not commonly used to assess single-word writing?
D. Oral sentence repetition
B. Written naming
C. Visual copying
A. Writing to dictation
48
Neglect alexia is best described as an impairment in:
C. Identifying initial or final letters in words
A. Identifying middle letters of words
B. Recognizing phonological patterns
D. Comprehending word meanings
49
The dorsal reading network is more involved in:
D. Visual imagery in comprehension
C. Phonological-orthographic processing
A. Semantic-based reading
B. Syntactic phrase processing
50
Which therapy device supports reduced syntax through a low-tech prosthesis?
D. VNeST
B. REST
C. SentenceShaper To Go
A. SPPA
51
Spatial or afferent dysgraphia is associated with:
A. Motor cortex lesions
D. Auditory system deficits
C. Temporal lobe damage
B. Parietal and cerebellar dysfunction
52
The dorsal perisylvian reading network is associated with:
C) Phonological-orthographic processing
B) Visual mapping
A) Semantic processing
D) Word Memory
53
. Which dysgraphia involves poor letter formation due to impaired motor planning, not motor weakness?
A. Apraxic dysgraphia
D. Semantic dysgraphia
B. Allographic dysgraphia
C. Surface dysgraphia
54
The central problem that most sentence therapies aim to address is:
A. Verb repetition
C. Improving reading comprehension
D. Morphological awareness
B. Mapping meaning onto form
55
Which statement is true about generalization in discourse therapy?
A. It always occurs after therapy
B. It is reliably predictable from test results
D. It does not depend on therapy design
B. It is reliably predictable from test results
56
What is a key assumption in addressing sentence difficulties in aphasia?
D. Comprehension deficits are rare in agrammatism
C. Phrase movement plays a crucial role in sentence comprehension
A. All sentence difficulties are due to phonological errors
B. Complexity does not influence sentence processing
57
Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis is used to:
C. Measure reaction time to verbal prompts
D. Track eye gaze during conversation
A. Assess auditory comprehension
B. Quantify relevant lexical content in discourse
58
Which of the following is NOT a commonly reported symptom of discourse breakdown in aphasia?
A. Increased grammatical complexity
C. Paraphasias and neologisms
B. Use of non-specific language
D. Turn-taking difficulty
59
What therapy approach is often used for pure alexia?
B) VNeST
D) SentenceShaper
B) Multiple Oral Rereading (MOR
A) Multiple Oral Rereading (MOR)
60
Which route in writing processes is used to spell nonwords?
A. Lexical-semantic route
B. Direct semantic route
C. Phoneme-mediated (nonlexical) route
D. Lexical-nonsemantic route
61
Pure agraphia is characterized by:
D. Severe aphasia
A. Writing difficulties with no other language deficits
C. Motor execution errors
B. Co-occurring reading and writing deficits
62
The dual-route model of reading includes which two routes?
B) Lexical and nonlexical
A) Semantic and episodic
D) Peripheral and central
C) Visual and auditory
63
Deep dysgraphia involves:
A. Purely motor impairments in writing
D. Accurate spelling of irregular words
C. Apraxic handwriting without spelling errors
B. Semantic errors and multiple central route impairments
64
In the dual-route model of reading, which route is responsible for reading pseudowords?
A. Lexical-semantic route
B. Lexical-nonsemantic route
C. Nonlexical or sublexical route
D. Semantic-to-phonological route
65
Surface alexia is marked by difficulty with:
D. Retaining phonological memory
B. Reading irregular words
C. Recognizing letter shapes
A. Reading regular pseudowords
66
The connectionist (triangle) model differs from the dual-route model in that:
B. It separates lexical from nonlexical reading
C. bidirectional, learned connections orthography, meaning, phonology
D. It excludes semantic processing from reading
A. It assumes reading occurs serially through a fixed pathway
67
Apraxic agraphia is primarily marked by:
B. Semantic confusion in writing
A. Errors in spelling irregular words
D. Complete inability to initiate writing
C. Difficulty forming graphemes despite intact language
68
Which test is not a standardized assessment of acquired reading?
B. PALPA
D. BNT
A. RCBA
B. PALPA
69
In treatment for pure alexia, multiple oral rereading is used to:
B. Restore semantic processing
A. Improve auditory discrimination
D. Promote whole-word visual recognition
B. Restore semantic processing
70
According to research, phonological and deep alexia are best described as:
C. Identical disorders
A. Different types of central alexia with separate lesions
B. A continuum of severity
D. Only occurring with fluent aphasia
71
Which alexia subtype involves semantic errors like reading “cat” as “dog”?
B. Surface alexia
A. Visual alexia
C. Phonological alexia
D. Deep alexia
72
A key formal tool used to assess written word production is:
C. PALPA
D. RIPA-2
B. WAB-R
A. VAST
73
Conversation breakdown in aphasia often results in:
B. Enhanced lexical complexity
D. More use of morphological markers
A. Improved turn-taking
C. Disruption in natural dialogue flow and increased partner support
74
What is the goal of CART?
B) Restore lexical spelling
C) Enhance auditory memory
D) Strengthen syntactic processing
A) Improve sentence comprehension
75
What does CAPPA assess?
D) Object naming
B) Sentence memory
C) Conversational interaction
A) Reading comprehension
76
Paragrammatism is most commonly associated with:
B. Wernicke’s aphasia
A. Broca’s aphasia
D. Global aphasia
C. Conduction aphasia
77
Which of the following is a key feature of phonological alexia?
A. Semantic errors
D. Inability to read high-frequency words
B. Severe difficulty with irregular words
C. Impaired pseudoword reading with no semantic errors
78
Which of the following BEST describes "functional communication"?
D. Repetition accuracy during therapy
B. Communicative effectiveness in everyday situations
A. Correct grammar usage in writing
C. Use of augmentative devices
79
Which of the following therapy approaches focuses on verb retrieval in a sentence context using thematic roles?
D. Morphosemantic treatment
A. Semantic Feature Analysis
C. Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST)
B. Reduced Syntax Therapy (REST)
80
Surface dysgraphia is marked by:
C) Difficulty spelling irregular words
D) Verb overuse
A) Phonological confusion
B) Spacing errors
81
What does the term “agraphia” refer to?
A. The inability to read
C. A disorder affecting the ability to write
D. A memory-based language disorder
A. The inability to read
82
Which of the following is a key focus of a discourse perspective in aphasia assessment?
D. Measurement of single-word retrieval speed
B. Analysis of speech fluency in reading aloud tasks
A. Identification of grammatical errors in isolated sentences
C. Evaluation of language used in natural contexts for various purposes
83
Which of the following modules is not part of the dual-route cascaded (DRC) model?
A. Orthographic input lexicon
B. Semantic system
D. Allographic conversion module
C. Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion module
84
What framework does the narrative approach to aphasia primarily relate to in the ICF model?
B. Participation
D. Personal factors
C. Body functions
A. Activities
85
MOR (Multiple Oral Rereading) and ORLA (Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia) aim to:
A. Increase single-word reading only
D. Enhance tactile letter recognition
B. Improve spelling-to-dictation
C. Increase reading fluency at the text level
86
Which alexia subtype is characterized by letter-by-letter reading?
B) Pure alexia
A) Surface alexia
C) Phonological alexia
D) Deep alexia
87
Which therapy includes the use of time-sequenced pictures for tense impairments?
A. Semantic association therapy
D. Picture naming tasks
B. Morphophonological treatment
C. Mapping therapy
88
In the cognitive model, the graphemic buffer is responsible for:
B. Conversion of phonemes to graphemes
C. Temporary storage of letter identity and order
D. Accessing the orthographic lexicon
A. Visual analysis of stimuli
89
What tool assesses thematic role production?
C) NAVS
B) VAST
D) SALT
A) PALPA
90
Which of the following is a primary feature of agrammatism?
D. Fluent speech with preserved grammatical elements
B. Structural errors due to lexical problems
C. Simplified syntactic structures and reduced verb production
A. Substitution of grammatical morphology
91
What is a key challenge in assessment of alexia?
C. Limited standardized assessments with poor standardization
D. Overreliance on spelling assessments
B. Inability to administer standardized reading tasks
A. Lack of interest from patients
92
The “cue-and-copy” treatment approach targets:
B. Improving verb and sentence writing
C. Naming with phonemic cues
D. Gesture training for dysgraphia
A. Errorless learning of irregular words
93
The Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia (RCBA) is used to assess:
C. Single-word spelling accuracy
A. Peripheral visual processing
D. Reading comprehension
B. Reading fluency
94
Deep alexia typically involves which of the following errors?
A) Neglect errors
D) Orthographic confusion
B) Phoneme omissions only
C) Semantic and visual errors
95
Which tool is specifically mentioned for clinical conversation analysis?
D. CAPPA
C. NAVS
B. VAST
A. SALT
96
Which of the following is considered a psychosocial consequence of aphasia?
C. Loss of self-confidence and identity
B. Increased morphosyntactic accuracy
A. Phonemic paraphasias
D. Decreased use of deictic terms
97
Assessment of writing should begin by ruling out:
D. Reading fluency issues
A. Working memory impairments
B. Visual acuity deficits and apraxia
C. Auditory discrimination problems
98
Which alexia subtype is often treated with homophone spelling and lexical reading treatments?
B. Visual alexia
D. Attentional alexia
C. Surface alexia
A. Deep alexia

"Chapters 11–14: Reading, Writing, and Sentence Processing in Aphasia" Flashcards | StudBud