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Environmental Science Final Quiz
Environmental Science Final Quiz
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Final study guide in quiz version! #science #environmentalscience
Flashcards
75 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
temperature
radiation
(a) and (c)
pressure
2
Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
combustion of ethanol in cars
dependence on coal for heating
location in a valley or basin
frequent thermal inversions
3
Which of the following contributes most to acid precipitation?
burning of fossil fuels
all of the above
radon and ozone
ethanol
4
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 6.0
pH 9.6
pH 4.1
pH 7.3
5
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
warmer
slower
wider
all of the above
6
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
300°C to 400°C
3,000 °C to 4,000 °C
4,000°C to 5,000°C
400°C to 500°C
7
Chaparral plants usually survive fires because
water is stored in their small, leathery leaves.
they have deep root systems that keep them moist during fire
they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.
they resprout from small amounts of surviving plant tissue
8
Which best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region?
a desert is often found on the inland side of the range.
all of the above
coastal side of the range usually has high levels of rain
Average temperatures are lower at top vs base of the mnts
9
Which of the following factors does NOT help predict future oil production?
# of oil deposits discovered
cost of obtaining fuels
changes in technology
the # of oil refineries operating in the past
10
What vegetation would you find on an abandoned farm that remained undisturbed for 150 years?
short grasses
shrubs
tall, mature oak trees
young pine trees
11
When making a decision about whether or not to build a dam, economic value is considered here:
how many jobs will building the dam generate?
Is it right to build a dam here?
Will the dam provide new leisure activities?
will building the dam destroy natural resources?
12
The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations
birth rate
size
population
density
13
Adaptations demonstrated by plants in tropical rain forests include
herbs with large flat leaves located in the understory.
all of the above
trees with aboveground roots which increase stability.
orchids and vines that use tall tree trunks for support.
14
Most land animals depend on angiosperms for
water
reproduction
all of the above
food
15
“Tragedy of the Commons” addresses the conflicts associated with what environmental challenge?
preventing pollution
protecting shared resources
curbing overpopulation
preserving biodiversity
16
The type of hunting that threatens species survival the most is
especially a problem in less developed nations.
legal hunting done by sports enthusiasts.
sanctioned by industrialized nations.
ignored by global conservation groups.
17
Which of the following is
not
an environmental effect of deforestation?
loss of topsoil
reduction of wildlife habitat
soil erosion
re-establishment of trees
18
Which is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable for organisms?
conversion of nitrogen into carbohydrates by photosynthesis
decomposing bacteria
absorption of nitrogen into water systems
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
19
Reasons for preserving biodiversity include all of the following
except
preventing natural evolution
isolating unique genes to incorporate into existing crops
finding new plants that supplement the world's food supply
increasing chances of finding organisms with medicinal value
20
Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population?
more food, better hygeine
higher fertility rates
higher birth rates
increased immigration
21
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
risk
distribution
correlation
skepticism
22
Nuclear fusion
makes nuclei lighter in weight than before the reaction
must take place at extremely high temperatures.
must take place in low-density containers.
does not release a great amount of energy.
23
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
all of the above
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer.
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals
24
Where do most Americans live?
producing farms
rural areas
urban areas
there is an equal distribution of people across the land
25
No-till farming helps to conserve soil fertility because
the ground is turned carefully to mix soil nutrients
only organic fertilizers and natural pesticides are used
remnants of previous crop are left to slowly decay
deep ridges are cut across, not down, slopes of hills
26
Earth's various organisms appear to be
largely known to scientists
evolving at an unprecedented rate
concentrated in certain biomes
mostly small vertebrates
27
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
hydrosphere
atmosphere
biosphere
lithosphere
28
The bacteria living in the roots of a soybean plant are critical for the nitrogen cycle because
provide the plant with sugars needed for growth
change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
transform nitrates into nitrogen gas for release
they release nitrogen by decomposing dead plant parts
29
The major human causes of extinction today are
none of the above
both (a) and (b)
hunting and destroying habitats
polluting and introducing non-native species
30
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
flux
dredge
slag
smelt
31
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
unnecessary factors
biotic factors
selection factors
abiotic factors
32
The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by
lack of clean water.
inadequate medical care.
widespread malnutrition
rats and other rodents
33
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of
commensalism
parasitism
predation
mutualism
34
Organisms can adapt
to their surroundings
to other organisms
none of the above
both (a) and (b)
35
The most energy-efficient vehicles available today are
hybrid cars
fuel cell cars
cars with gasoline engines
cars that use biomass fuel
36
Reintroducing the gray wolf in certain areas of the northwestern United States
creates a mutualist interaction between wolves and elks.
discourages hunters from hunting other animals.
is beneficial for all of those working in that area
is in accordance with U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973
37
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
zooplankton
barnacles
fish
phytoplankton
38
Light pollution can be decreased by
directing light downard
lighting billboards from below
using incandescent light bulbs
increasing the # of lights per block on a city street
39
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
carbon content
value
cost to extract
electrical conductivity
40
What are wind and water erosion
not
likely to affect?
mountains
soil
rocks
tides
41
Climate in a region is
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
never affected by ocean currents.
42
Which of the following is a disadvantage for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?
not enough cold water
can only be done in cold areas
not enough warm water
inefficient plants
43
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
probability
mean
statistics
distribution
44
Which of the following is a developing nation?
France
Canada
the United States
Ethiopia
45
When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they
have low rate of genetic disorders due to a large gene pool
are less likely to compete
may have difficulty meeting basic survival needs
become immune to infectious diseases common in the wild
46
Acid mine drainage
purifies streams.
is unregulated in the United States
harms or kills aquatic life.
causes acid rain.
47
From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
state and federal agencies
federal agencies only
a bonding company
local govt only
48
Which of the following statements about hydrogen as a fuel source is correct?
Hydrogen is not abundant enough on Earth.
When hydrogen is burned, it releases pollutants.
Generating hydrogen by burning fossil fuels is inexpensive.
Hydrogen can be burned as fuel/ used to produce electricity.
49
Scientists predict population sizes by using
age structure, fertility rate, and migration.
age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.
survivorship,migration,life expectancy,replacement structure
replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, survivorship
50
Which of the following might occur as a result of plastic trash accumulating in the ocean?
Sea mammals get tangled in clear fishing lines and drown.
Turtles mistake bags for jellyfish and eat them and die.
Sea birds are strangled by plastic six-pack rings.
all of the above
51
Which model would you use to show the shape of Earth’s surface under the oceans?
physical
conceptual
graphical
mathematical
52
Which of the following is true of land-use plans?
Developers must prepare reports on environmental impact
Projects in environmentally sensitive areas hotly debated
all of the above
The public often has input in land-use plans.
53
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
littoral zones and benthic zones
lakes and ponds
rivers and streams
marshes and swamps
54
Which of the following is
not
an example of exponential growth?
a bank account that earns interest
mold appearing on bread overnight
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating most lichens
55
A model of a dinosaur is an example of a _____ model.
conceptual
mathematical
physical
graphical
56
Succession is possible because
it is a rapid and chaotic process difficult to control
climate changes over time
existing plants reproduce quickly
new species make environment less suitable for older ones
57
Which of the following is
not
a characteristic of a mineral?
orderly internal structure
usually an inorganic solid
naturally occurring
atoms in random geometric patterns
58
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
all of the above
oil spills
pesticides
sewage
59
What part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
biosphere
60
Which of the following situations best describes the use of a renewable resource?
filling a car with gasoline
mining copper
building wooden furniture
burning coal in a power plant
61
What is reforestation?
replanting trees in an area
removing selected trees from an area
none of these
removing all trees from an area
62
Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion?
all of these practices contribute to soil erosion
driving farm machinery over fields
allowing land to lie fallow
using compost as fertilizer
63
process of 2 species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other
resistance
selective breeding
artificial selection
coevolution
64
Placer deposits are surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated by
subsurface mining.
movement of wind and water.
evaporation and condensation
surface mining
65
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators
immediately kill their hosts
are always animals and never plants.
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
66
Gangue minerals
are valued for their rarity and durability
are native elements
are the most difficult to mine
have no commercial value
67
Most of the energy consumed in the United States is used for
industrial purposes
transportation
commercial electrical needs
residential electric needs
68
carrying capacity of an environment for a certain species at a certain time is determined by
number of individuals in the species
supply of the most limited resources.
reproductive potential of the species.
distribution of the population.
69
How can zoos, botanic gardens, and wildlife parks help save species?
preserving threatened species from destruction
(a) and (c)
collecting species from remote wilderness areas
participating in captive breeding programs
70
What mainly distinguishes nekton from benthos?
one swims freely and other lives attached to a hard surface
One lives in freshwater and the other in salt water
One is a predator and the other is a primary producer.
all of the above
71
An area prone to landslides is an example of
marginal land
rural land
rangeland
open space
72
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
herbivores
all of the above
omnivores
carnivores
73
What groups of organisms are most in danger of extinction?
both (a) and (b)
those with large populations that breed quickly
those that migrate or need special habitats
those with small populations
74
Many angiosperms depend on
gymnosperms for reproducing.
other animals in the oceans.
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds.
plants for food.
75
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
parasite and host.
predator and prey.
competition
mutualism
