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A&P Final Exam Review
Disease-causing agents are called
The meninges consist of
A&P Final Exam Review
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A&P Final Exam Review
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1
The meninges consist of
nerve tracts that run up and down the spinal cord.
the brain and spinal cord.
the membranes that delineate all of the major brain parts.
the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
2
Disease-causing agents are called
antibodies.
pathogens
germs.
bugs.
3
The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces
antigen B only
neither antigens A nor B.
antigen A only.
antigens A and B.
4
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
intestinal muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue.
cardiac muscle tissue.
skeletal muscle tissue.
5
An abnormally slow heart rate is termed
. bradycardia.
. tachycardia.
. fibrillation.
. cardioversion.
6
Homeostasis exists if levels of water, nutrients, oxygen in body are balanced&heat&pressure _.
fluctuate greatly between very high and low values
remain within certain limited ranges
increase when the body is stressed
decrease steadily
7
Curvatures of the spine produce all of the following except
lordosis.
kyphosis.
increased height.
scoliosis.
8
The femur an example of a(n)
short bone.
flat bone
irregular bone.
long bone.
9
The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity.
ventral (anterior) to
superior to
dorsal (posterior) to
inferior to
10
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
chondrocytes cannot divide.
chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies.
the intercellular material is semisolid.
cartilage cells are immersed in fluids.
11
Hormones
have functions in growth, reproduction, and development.
do all of the above.
regulate metabolism.
help regulate water &electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
12
"Endocrine" means
acts upon target cells.
internal secretion.
fast-acting compound.
hormone synthesis.
13
Adipose tissue is a form of
muscle.
epithelium.
connective tissue.
nervous tissue.
14
A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of
a negative feedback mechanism.
nervous system communication.
a process turning itself off.
a positive feedback mechanism.
15
Functions of muscles include
muscle tone.
moving bones.
all of the above.
heartbeat.
16
The epidermis
retains water in deeper skin layers
protects the skin against mechanical injury.
all of the above.
keeps out harmful chemicals and pathogens.
17
Which of the following are vital signs?
Body weight, age, gender
Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
Visual acuity and auditory sharpness
18
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
. Liver
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid gland
19
Hematocrit is
the color of plasma.
a clotting factor.
a disease
the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample.
20
The axial skeleton includes
the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
the femur, tibia, and fibula.
the upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles.
the radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges.
21
Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract
from the pharynx to the anus.
in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
in the stomach and small intestine only.
in the small and large intestines only.
22
Aphasia is loss of the ability to
walk.
speak.
move the hands.
think.
23
A nail consists of
bone.
dense connective tissue.
collagen and elastin.
a nail bed and nail plate.
24
Reflexes help to control
respiratory rate.
all of the above.
digestive activities.
heart rate and blood pressure.
25
When cations and anions meet, they
form individual molecules.
form covalent bonds.
form ionic bonds.
repel.
26
Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because
physiological functions depend on anatomical structures.
physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
understand physiology changing more than understand anatomy
body parts take up space.
27
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of
. the cerebrum and cerebellum.
spinal and cranial nerves.
nerves in the upper and lower limbs.
the brain and spinal cord.
28
Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires
decreased atmospheric pressure.
positive & negative feedback mechanisms.
positive feedback mechanisms.
negative feedback mechanisms.
29
The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the
sternum.
heart.
neck and jaw.
left arm and shoulder.
30
Articular cartilage of a long bone is found
in the spaces of the spongy bone.
on the outer surface of the diaphysis.
inside the medullary cavity.
on the outer surface of the epiphyses.
31
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?
The palms are facing backward.
The head is facing to the front.
The body is erect.
The upper limbs are at the sides.
32
The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much
carotene.
cyanin.
collagen.
melanin.
33
The organs of the urinary system are
paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
a kidney, a ureter, and paired bladders and urethras.
glomerular cap proximal tubule nephron loop, distal tubual
the renal cortex, renal pelvis, and renal medulla
34
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is
cuboidal.
columnar.
transitional.
pseudostratified.
35
Isotopes of an element have
different atomic numbers and different atomic weights.
different atomic numbers but the same atomic weight.
the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
36
The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is
absorption.
assimilation.
excretion.
metabolism.
37
A compound fracture
incompletely breaks the bone in more than one place
completely breaks the bone in more than one place.
is caused by a disease.
exposes the broken bone to the outside.
38
The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ______ and the atomic weight equals the ____.
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
neutrons; number of protons
neutrons; number of protons plus electrons
protons; weight of all the electrons
39
"Cutaneous membrane" refers to
bones.
mucus.
cartilage.
skin.
40
Histology is the study of
molecules.
organ function.
cells.
tissues.
41
Respiration is
circulating blood to tissues.
the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere &cells.
breathing.
making ATP
42
Myasthenia gravis is
a bacterial infection.
a form of cancer.
. the result of injury.
an autoimmune disorder.
43
Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called
floating ribs.
true ribs
false ribs.
vertebrochondral ribs.
44
Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be
bilingual.
bisexual.
bivalent.
bilateral.
45
Sebaceous glands secrete
a liquid mix with cellular debris, forming sweat.
mucus.
sweat in the armpits.
fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum.
46
Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation?
Massaging the skin
Eating foods rich in protein
Providing adequate fluid intake
Maintaining one body position
47
An anatomical section that separates the body into right & left portions is a ________section.
coronal
sagittal
frontal
transverse
48
Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)
molecule.
tissue.
organ system.
organ.
49
The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is
simple squamous epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
50
. Skeletal muscles help maintain body temperature in that
they conserve actin and myosin in cold weather.
excess myosin is quickly metabolized to yield heat.
the more active they are, the more heat is used up.
the more active they are, the more heat is released.
51
amount of O2 liver cells require to support conversion of lactic acid to produce glucose /glyco
aerobic conversion.
anaerobic concentration.
oxygen debt.
. refractory quantity.
52
The human integumentary system includes
bones and muscles.
the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
only one type of tissue.
53
A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is
not capable of reproduction outside a living cell
more dangerous.
multicellular.
larger.
54
A neuron may have
no axons
one dendrite and many axons.
no dendrites.
one axon and many dendrites.
55
Which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question? A. Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal
56
The hardness of a nail comes from
keratin.
carotene.
collagen.
calcium.
57
Which action is the main function of the digestive system?
Movement of body parts
Absorption of nutrients
Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients
Formation of cells
58
The cell membrane
maintains the integrity of the cell.
has all of the above characteristics.
controls the entry and exit of various substances.
provides a barrier to water-soluble substances.
59
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
16.
8.
24.
32.
60
Inflammation
is an abnormal response to injury or stress.
is a normal response to stress or injury.
is a type of infection
is a result of exposure to very low temperatures.
61
The arrector pili muscle is attached to
the nail bed.
a sebaceous gland.
a hair follicle.
the hypodermis.
62
Interruption of blood flow to the brain that can damage the cerebrum is called a
concussion.
myocardial infarction
contusion.
cerebrovascular accident.
63
In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state
stimulate changes in the same direction.
inhibit all body reactions.
stimulate changes in the opposite direction.
stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body.
64
The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is
superior.
anterior.
proximal.
superficial.
65
Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?
The thymus
The heart
The trachea
The liver
66
There are __ types of muscle cells.
3
5
4
2
67
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the
atrioventricular node.
Purkinje fibers.
AV bundle.
sinoatrial node.
68
Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by
an autoimmune disorder.
a lack of iodine.
an excess of iodine.
an improper diet.
69
The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a
Golgi apparatus.
ribosome.
mitochondrion.
peroxisome.
70
Blood vessels in the ___________ supply epidermal cells with nutrients.
stratum basale
dermis
epidermis.
hair follicle
71
Bones and muscles function as mechanical devices called
syncytia.
. lifts.
ladders.
levers.
72
Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it
. slows the attack of phagocytes.
increases temperature, which slows the growth of bacteria.
includes pyrogens that destroy the pathogens.
increases iron in the blood.
73
A soldier suffers a brain injury, and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in
Broca's area.
the basal nuclei
the brainstem
the hippocampus.
74
Which of the following describes the function(s) of the skeletal system?
All of the above describe skeletal system functions.
It stores inorganic salts.
It interacts with muscles, providing movement.
It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax.
75
Muscle atrophy that progresses with aging is caused by reduction in
ATP.
all of the above.
the sizes of muscle fibers
myoglobin.
76
Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by
breathing.
the lymphatic system.
sweating.
the urinary system.
77
The ______ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
thymus
thyroid gland
spleen
liver
78
Hypothermia is
a form of hair loss.
a lowered body temperature.
accompanied by fever.
associated with exercising vigorously in the heat.
79
A selectively permeable membrane
allows organic substances to pass but excludes inorganic
allows all substances to pass through.
does not allow any substances to pass through.
allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.
80
Which of the following increases the risk of developing osteoporosis?
Lack of physical exercise
Low intake of dietary calcium
All of the above
Family history of the condition
81
In leukemia
the blood has too few platelets
the person has lowered resistance to infection.
the blood has too many immature leukocytes.
all of the above.
82
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that
the bone is increasing in diameter.
the bone is lengthening.
the bone has completed ossification.
the bone is no longer lengthening.
83
Spinal nerve injury may result from
a drug overdose.
excess acetylcholine in synapses.
fracture of vertebrae, dislocations, or birth injuries
too little dopamine in the basal ganglia.
84
A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)
stoke.
thrombus.
aneurysm.
platelet plug.
85
Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include
the very old and the very young.
very thin people.
all of the above.
homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
86
Cerebrospinal fluid is
red.
white and thick.
yellow in the CNS and clear in the PNS.
clear and liquid.
87
Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the humanbody by weight
Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen
Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
88
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
2 electrons.
. 1 electron.
8 electrons.
4 electrons.
89
Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?
Wastes
Water
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
90
Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of _____.
atoms
chemicals
inorganic molecules
organic molecules
91
Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.
bone-dissolving cells; mature bone cells
bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
mature bone cells; bone-forming cells
bone-forming cells; bone-dissolving cells
92
Inflammation is a response to
infection.
. ultraviolet light.
all of the above.
chemical exposure
93
A burn affecting only the epidermis is a
third-degree burn.
deep partial-thickness burn.
second-degree burn.
superficial partial-thickness burn.
94
Phalanges are
finger bones only.
wrist and ankle bones.
toe bones only.
both finger and toe bones.
95
. Pus is composed of
bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
water, serum, and fibers.
mucus, sputum, and platelets.
96
In a covalent bond
oppositely charged atoms attract.
one atom loses and another atom gains electrons.
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
like-charged atoms repel.
97
What determines the color of skin?
The density of hair.
The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce.
The number of melanocytes in the epidermis.
The thickness of the epidermis.
98
Involuntary muscle tissues are
cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle&cardiac muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.
99
Skin cells play an important role in producing
vitamin C.
vitamin A.
vitamin B.
vitamin D.
100
The atoms of different elements have
different atomic numbers.
the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
different atomic numbers but the same number of electrons.
101
In an ionic bond
oppositely charged atoms attract.
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
each atom gains electrons
like-charged atoms repel.
102
An organ consists of
one variety of each of the four tissue types.
skin and bones.
two or more tissues grouped together that function together.
atleast four tissues grouped together that function together
103
Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues?
Eye tissue
Muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
104
The term "bone" can refer to
a tissue or an organ only.
a tissue only
a tissue, an organ, or a type of cell.
an organ only.
105
Metabolism is defined as _____.
the breakdown of substances into simpler forms
the removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions
all chemical reactin occurring in organism that support life
the taking in of nutrients
106
A muscle that assists the agonist is a(n)
mediator.
synergist.
. prime mover.
antagonist.
107
Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands
secrete only into the bloodstream.
secrete only local hormones.
secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior.
only secrete salts.
108
The type of muscle tissue in blood vessels is
cardiac muscle tissue.
skeletal muscle tissue.
smooth muscle tissue
voluntary muscle tissue.
109
The femur
is all of the above.
articulates with the patella.
is the longest bone in the body.
extends from the hip to the knee.
110
In edema
the body shrivels from dehydration.
tissues swell with fluid.
monocytes dominate the blood.
blood clots inappropriately.
111
Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?
The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller.
The obturator foramen is more oval in a female.
The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.
The female iliac bones are less flared.
112
In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is
the macromolecule.
the atom.
the cell.
the molecule.
113
In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the
depth of the burn.
type of scar that will form.
degree and source of the burn.
surface area of the burn.
114
Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
contracts more rapidly and relaxes more rapidly.
contracts more slowly and relaxes more rapidly.
contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly.
contracts more rapidly and relaxes more slowly.
115
Wrinkled and sagging skin results from
drinking too much water.
heredity only.
excess subcutaneous fat.
loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen.
116
Athletes usually experience muscle fatigue less quickly than non athletes because they
convert glucose to lactic acid.
tolerate high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
. produce less lactic acid.
make more efficient use of ATP.
117
Which of the following substances is an element?
Sodium chloride
Water
Iron
Glucose
118
DNA
is routinely broken down to provide cellular energy.
stores genetic information...
plays no role in the synthesis of fats.
is a protein.
119
Bob witnesses an auto accident &impulses from the __division of ANS increase his heart rate.
spinal
sympathetic
parasympathetic
cranial
120
The functions of skin include
all of the above.
regulating body temperature.
acting as a protective covering.
housing sensory receptors.
121
Homeostasis is the
ingestion of more food than you need to eat.
decrease in room temperature because a window is open.
tendency of body to maintain a stable internal environment.
inability to keep body weight within normal limits.
122
The function of the nucleus is to
provide cell shape.
direct the activities of the cell.
form mitochondria.
transfer energy.
123
All of the following are functions of bones except
to store inorganic salts.
to provide a set point for control of bl pressure &body temp
to provide a source for red and white blood cells.
to protect certain internal organs.
124
The normal white blood cell count is
. 4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood.
500-1,000 cells per microliter of blood.
5,000,000-10,000,000 cells per microliter of blood.
45,000-100,000 cells per microliter of blood.
125
Chemistry deals with
composition&changes of substance that makeup nonliving mater
composition & changes of substances found in organisms only
the location of organs in body cavities.
composition&changes that make up living & non-living matter.
126
The more movable end of a muscle is its
source.
origin.
insertion.
fulcrum.
127
The nervous system
all of the above.
controls the movement of muscles.
detects changes in the internal or external environment.
gets information from sources&uses it to determine response.
128
The muscle that causes an action is the
mediator.
antagonist.
agonist.
synergist.
129
Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?
Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
130
Cerebrospinal fluid
informs auto center brainstem&hypothal about internal enviro
protects the brain and spinal cord.
all of the above.
provides a pathway for waste to enter the blood.
131
Neurons can send messages to
only other neurons and neuroglia.
only other neurons.
other neurons, glands, and muscles.
other neurons and skeletal muscle only.
132
The formed elements in the blood are
mostly red blood cells.
about equal #of red blood cells,white blood cells&platelets.
mostly platelets.
. mostly white blood cells.
133
Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species?
Movement
Responsiveness
Respiration
Reproduction
134
A _______ membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body.
serous
cutaneous
mucous
synovial
135
Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the
blood vessels.
intestine.
heart.
stomach.
136
Every neuron has
a cell body.
. myelin.
many axons.
a neurilemma.
137
The buccinator muscle is in the
buttocks.
bladder.
cheek.
chest.
