Community Dentistry Final

Surveys are part of what research approach

Pocket depths, # of sealed teeth are both examples of qualitative data

Expresses amount of disease in relation to size of the pop.

Why are the 3 types of research approaches?

Occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted, but is actually false & should have been rejected

Failures changes the measurement of a disease although the condition is no different

Conducts lit. review

Procedural care is routine, uncomplicated and considered trivial

Includes all the scores in the distribution

What percentage of adults age 75+ experience root caries?

When variable is known to be correlated with the independent variable?

Obtains informed consent for treatment

Grounded in belief everything a DH does is derived from a solid scientific research base

Can be determined by dividing the total number of the pop. size by the desired sampling size

yes/no, male/female, true/false are examples of what type of variable?

Inherent role of ethics in health care and the est. norms; distinguish between moral researches

Which is not a HP2020 leading health indicator topics?

What percentage of AR 3rd grade students have untreated decay?

Which graph is appropriate for showing interval or ratio variables?

Agreement among 2 or more examiners; Consistency of a single examiner

External validity is when the study measured what it was suppose to

A small sample size sig. reduces the standard error

A study that is highly reliable because it eliminates a great deal of the researchers bias

95% of oral-pharyngeal cancer is attributed to tobacco users

Promotes critical thinking and problem solving abilities

Concern of using repeat research participants is the drug needs tested on random pop.

Once it was discovered in the Tuskegee study, that Pen was a cure it was given to the men

What race is more at risk to develop cleft palate/lip?

DH focuses on mechanical abilities on disease management

What is the average of these test scores? 88, 77, 88 and 92

Measures the outcome & exposure at same time to determine association between the 2

How many American's are diagnosed with oral cancer?

HP2010 Initiative showed sig. progress in OH obj. and most moved toward, met or exceeded obj.

Biostatistics demonstrate response to DH therapy; Determine needs of target pop.

Methods of what approach?: Records review, interviews and lit. reviews

Grouping a set # of scores into mutually exclusive intervals divisible by 5; grouped freq.

For a "p" value to be statistically significant; equal to or smaller than 0.05

The SG report of what year, focused on water fluoridation, community OH and preventing disease

Collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data from cancer registries

Rapid assessment accomplished in a short time by visual detection

Chi-square:observing expected frequency of 2 or more groups of 5 or more; Fisher test 5 or less

Provides additional data from studies by breaking the sample into populations

Examines 1 pop. group or subset w/ a common characteristic

Average distance of each score from the mean

Obtains informed consent

2 different and unrelated groups of study participants

Beneficence is defined as...

Results fo study can be general pop. and depend on how well sample represents the pop.

DH/researcher does what they think is best for the pt. according to their ability & judgement

Correlation is equal to causality; Correlation coefficient (r) expressed as # between -1 and +1

Studies that investigate existing differences to determine possible causes

Which of these are characteristics of necessary research?

Normal distribution of scores is known as...

Review of all pertinent reports & studies to determine current knowledge about the issue

Measuring the relationship between variables; compares 2 sets of data

Takes survey or makes observations about a pop.

What is the standard deviation?

Height, weight and time are examples of what type of variable?

What 3 principles were identified in the Belmont Report?

Discrete variables are only counted in whole numbers (ex. dental index, DMFT)

Clinician selects sample through personal judgement based on the understanding of the research

What is the median of these numbers: 12, 25, 105, 3, 17, 18, 97

Which of the following are NOT priorities of the ADHA's National Research Agenda?

Which of these is NOT 1 of the 3 considerations of evidence-based practice?

Conceptual model based on technical competence

Uses a standardized denominator including a time dimension

In a pos. relation both variables vary in same direction; neg. vary in opposite directions

Determined by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score

In the Tuskegee study the men were not informed of real purpose; were allowed to quit whenever

Which research approach does not manipulate the independent variable?

Identifies chief complaint

A placebo effect is an uncontrolled effect; a non treatment/sugar pill

Bar graphs present categorical data; length of each bar corresponds to freq. of value

There are 8650 deaths from oral cancer annually

Privacy rules restrictions on the use or disclosure of the pt. protected health info.

Used to validate the significance of the research; secures funding

What is the 1st step in the scientific method?

Maleria in Africa is an example of a...

Data that can not be measured numerically

technique used to infer the true value of an unknown pop. parameter (mean from sample)

Which of these are part of fundamental research?

Proactive risk assessment and prevention strategy

Manip. of 1+ variables control of extraneous variables measurements of dependent;control groups

Length of a study, sample size and statistical procedures used can affect what?

It is not necessary for a research hypothesis to be ethical to all participating

Provides a thorough visual-tactile assessment accomplish with dental instruments and a light

What percentage of oral-pharyngeal cancer is attributed to tobacco users?

What percentage confidence interval is applicable in OH research?

Illness or condition that occurs suddenly and spreads rapidly

Intro., Lit. review, Methods & materials, Results & discussions and conclusions are what steps

Manipulation of 1 or more independent variables is part of which research approach?

Morbidity is the death rate; Mortality is extent of disease, injury or disability in a pop.

85% of adults have decay

Passive surveillance involves forced reporting; Primary surveillance in the US

What is the mode of these scores? 66, 23, 25, 67, 55, 48, 33, 22, 67, 88, 92, 92, 43, 67

Categorical variables are numerical; examples are gender, color or rating

What percentage of oral cancer pt. will be alive 5 years after diagnosis?

What are the 3 components of the epidemiology triangle?

Providing pt., test subjects or pop. w/ what is owed, due or deserved

nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio are what types of variables?

Shows the number of times each score occurs in the group of scores

Other drugs create side effects that would bring extraneous variables if repeat participants

Occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected but is actually true and should have been accepted

Surveys do not require informed consent

Define a survey

What a pt. likes best/least about their treatment visit is an example of qual or quant data?

Used to determine whether statistically sig. differences occur when comparing more than 2 means

Assess the prevalence of caries experience and untreated caries