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Midterm Practice Part 2
Midterm Practice Part 2
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1
What is The name of the phase where DNA is replicated?
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Prophase
Telophase
2
Which of the following nucleotides is not found in DNA?
Uranine
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
3
Osmosis is the:
diffusion of proteins
diffusion of lipids
diffusion of water
diffusion of all molecules
4
Which of the following nucleotides is not found in RNA?
Uracil
Tyrine
Thymine
Cytosine
5
What is the phase where chromosomes become condensed?
Interphase
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
6
Which part of a phospholipid is nonpolar and hydrophobic?
lipid tail
phosphate head
7
Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?
ATP
glucose
oxygen
carbon dioxide
8
What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during the transcription of mRNA?
RNA Ligase
RNA Primase
RNA Polymerase
Polymerase
9
What is the phase when chromosomes pull apart toward the poles
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
10
Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
to act as a barrier
to provide structural support
to control what comes in and out of the cell
to synthesize proteins
11
What direction do water molecules move during osmosis?
Low concentration to high concentration
up the concentration gradient
high concentration to low concentration
against the concentration gradient
12
Why are leaves the main place where photosynthesis occurs?
the leaves have stomata which allow oxygen out of the plant
the leaves are broad and flat to absorb sunlight
the leaves are able to absorb water
the leaves are covered by a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss
13
Which statement describes a way in which cellular respiration relates to photosynthesis?
they both happen in the same organelle
Cellular respiration consists of two phases and photosynthesis is three
the products of one process are the reactants of the other
photosynthesis creates ATP to power cellular respiration
14
Where can you find an anticodon?
in the nucleus
in the mitochondria
on the tRNA
on the mRNA
15
What organelle converts the sun's light energy into chemical energy?
chlorophyll
vacuole
chloroplast
cell wall
16
Which of the following is not a function of mitosis
asexual reproduction
make sex cells
healing/growth
maintain small cell size
17
What is the process in meiosis that ensures genetic variation?
sexual reproduction
fertilization
crossing over
chromosome formation
18
Where does cellular respiration occur?
ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondria
nucleus
19
Name the term for the uncontrolled division of cells
Cancer
Mitosis
Meiosis
Mutation
20
What is the phase when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Middlephase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
21
How many cell divisions occur during mitosis?
2
4
6
1
22
What type of tissue makes up the outside, protective covering of the plant?
meristematic
ground
vascular
dermal
23
What type of cell has a cell wall?
blood cell
animal cell
bacteria cell
plant cell
24
A substance that causes mutations is called a:
toxinogen
mutagen
carcinogen
mutation
25
The vascular tissue that carries water and minerals from the roots upward is the
xylem
transport tissue
phloem
meristem
26
Which of the following is not a principle of cell theory?
cells were discovered using the microscope
cells are the basic units of structure of all living things
all living organisms are composed of cells
cells come from other cells
27
What are the two processes of protein synthesis in order?
mRNA turns into tRNA
Transcription then Translation
Translation then Transcription
DNA replication then transcription
28
Which of the following is not a type of RNA?
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
total RNA
29
Where do animals directly obtain their energy from?
water
oxygen
sunlight
food
30
When one nucleotide is replaced by another, it is called a:
insertion
substitution
deletion
frameshift mutation
31
Temporarily storing materials needed by the cell is a function of:
vacuoules
vesicles
centrioles
chromosomes
32
Which of the following describes RNA
A double Helix
A double strand
A single helix
A single strand
33
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
1
2
9
11
34
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Interphase
35
What process is shown by the equation below?
cellular respiration
metabolism
both photo and cell resp.
photosynthesis
36
Which of the following is an example of transport that requires energy?
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
osmosis
37
How many phases are in mitosis?
6
4
5
3
38
Besides ATP, what is made in cellular respiration?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
glucose
water
39
Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
40
A change in the DNA sequence is called a(n):
mutagen
mutation
evolution
carcinogen
41
What are the name of all cells created from mitosis?
somatic cells
body cells
gametes
granddaughter cells
42
What is the basic unit of all living organisms?
Carbon
Electrons
Atoms
Cells
43
What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons to start the ETC during photosynthesis?
electricity
cellular respiration
ATP
sunlight
44
What organelle is where proteins are synthesized?
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
chloroplast
45
What type of cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
plant cells
eukaryotic cells
animal cells
prokaryotic cells
46
When using the genetic code chart, what do you use to find the amino acid?
mRNA
anticodon
tRNA
DNA
47
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
fatty acids
monosaccharide
nucleotides
48
Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleolus
nucleus
nucleoid region
nuclear membrane
49
The process by which the chromosome number is halved.
asexual reproduction
diploid
meiosis
mitosis
50
What are the two halves of a chromosome called?
homologous sisters
sister chromatin
sister chromatids
centromere sisters
51
What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?
Primase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
52
The result of meiosis is: ____ daughter cells that are __________.
4, identical
4, haploid
4, not identical
4, diploid
53
The main stages of the cell cycle in order are:
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Interphase Meiosis Cytokinesis
Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase
54
Where are ribosomes found in a cell?
free floating
on the rough ER
on the smooth ER
in the mitochondria
55
In RNA, Adenine pairs with
Thymine
Uracil
56
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between
ribose and a phosphate group
adenine and a phosphate group
the second and third phosphate
adenine and ribose
57
Which of the following is not a similarity between all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
cell wall
cell membrane
ribosomes
DNA
58
What are the name of all reproductive cells?
sperm cells
somatic cells
egg cells
gametes
59
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
proteins
amino acids
monosaccharide
60
Where does photosynthesis occur?
mitochondria
chloroplast
nucleus
ribosome
61
Which part of a phospholipid is polar and hydrophilic?
lipid tail
phosphate head
62
What direction do substances move during diffusion?
Low concentration to high concentration
high concentration to low concentration
against the concentration gradient
up the concentration gradient
63
Offspring are produced when male and female gametes combine. What is the name of this process?
meiosis
binary fission
fertilization
mitosis
64
What is the correct sequence if you were transcribing this strand of DNA: ATC TTG ACA
TAG AAC TGT
TAG AAC UGT
UAG AAC UGU
AUC UUG ACA
65
Who is credited with the discovery of the idea of a cell?
Virchow
Schleiden
Hooke
Schwann
66
How many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
48
24
46
23
67
What is The part of the chromosome that the spindle fiber attaches to that also connects the sister chromatids?
gene
centromere
centriole
spindle apparatus
68
The end product of mitosis when the cells have full sets of chromosomes is called
polyploid
diploid
haploid
monoploid
69
The vascular tissue that distributes sugars (aka food) throughout the plant is called
xylem
ground transport
phloem
transport tissue
70
What is the phase where chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense and the nuclear envelope reappears?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Telophase
71
What is The phase of meiosis where crossing over occurs?
Interphase
Prophase
Prophase 1
Prophase 2
72
What does homeostasis do?
maintains the external environment of an organism
maintains the cell structure
maintains the cell transport
maintains the internal environment of an organism
73
The process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell
mitosis
fertilization
identicalization
meiosis
74
What role does carbon dioxide play in cellular respiration?
releases energy
reactant
provides energy
product
75
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA during replication?
Primase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Helicase
76
The result of the replication of DNA and one cell division is: ____ daughter cells that are __________.
2, identical
4, not identical
4, haploid
2, diploid
77
Which type of cell has free floating DNA?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
78
The end product of meiosis when the cells have half the number of chromosomes is called
haploid
monoploid
polyploid
diploid
79
What is the function of a stop codon?
to signal the end of translation
to signal the end of protein synthesis
to stop the amino acid car
to signal the end of transcription
80
Where can you find apical meristems?
roots and stems
stems only
leaves only
roots only
81
Oxygen will leave the plant and Carbon dioxide will enter the plant through the:
stomata
stroma
thylakoids
grana
82
What is the first step of photosynthesis?
Absorption of Light
ETC
Calvin Cycle
Chemiosmosis
83
Which of the following does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't have?
chloroplast
vacuoles
centrioles
cell wall
84
Which word means "in the absence of oxygen"?
carbonic
anaerobic
absentia
aerobic
85
How many overall steps are there in cellular respiration?
2
1
4
3
86
Where are ribosomes produced?
nucleolus
nucleus
nucleoid region
nuclear membrane
87
Mutations can have __________ effect on an organism.
a negative
no
all of the above
a positive
88
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
2
3
4
1
89
What is the function of the nucleus?
sort and package proteins
help to manufacture proteins
stores information used to make proteins
protein synthesis
90
In DNA, Adenine pairs with
Thymine
Uracil
91
Which process is shown below?
Cellular Respiration
Both
Photosynthesis
Neither
92
What are the two most broad categories of cell types?
Protista and Fungi
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Animal and Bacteria
Plant and Animal
93
When do homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis?
Prophase 2
Interphase
Metaphase 1
Prophase 1
94
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
95
Which type of microscope can view living organisms?
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
simple light telescope
compound light microscope
96
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear?
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
97
The _______ is a region of rapid cell division on plants so that the plant can grow.
apical meristem
cuticle
transport tissue
epidermis
98
What is the central dogma of Biology?
DNA-> Proteins -> RNA
DNA-> RNA->Proteins
Proteins-> RNA-> DNA
Proteins-> DNA -> RNA
