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AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz
AP Psychology - Massive Review Quiz
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
2
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
hallucinations
delusions
illusions
3
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
4
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
5
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
6
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
lens
iris
7
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
8
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
9
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
occipital cortex
10
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
11
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
12
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
13
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
14
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
15
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
16
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
17
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
18
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
19
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
20
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a sedative
a hallucinogen
21
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
22
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
23
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
reiteration
recognition
24
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
25
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
corpus callosum
26
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
27
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
28
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in agreeableness
29
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the experimental group
the correlational group
the control group
30
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
content
absolute
31
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
selection
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
32
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
light
33
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender differences
34
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
35
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
36
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
a false alarm
37
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
38
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
39
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
latency
anal
genital
40
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
longitundinal
sequential
41
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
42
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
43
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
44
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
sensation
attention
45
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
46
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
avoidance
repression
47
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
48
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
49
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
50
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
51
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
52
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
decibels
loudness
pitch
53
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
54
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
55
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
56
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
57
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
58
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
59
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
delta
alpha
60
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
attachment
personality
61
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
62
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
63
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
64
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
65
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
REM
stage 4
stage 1
66
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
67
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
68
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
69
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
insight learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
70
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
71
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
absolute threshold
72
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
insight
73
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
74
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
75
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
76
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
77
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
78
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
conscious experience
the unconscious
79
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
reversibility
centration
80
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
81
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
dissociative
bipolar
unipolar
82
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scales
test scores
83
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
84
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
85
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
86
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
87
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
88
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
89
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
stereotypes
prejudices
self-serving bias
90
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
heroin
91
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
92
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
93
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
94
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
95
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
cortex
thalamus
spinal cord
96
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
97
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
98
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
99
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
anxiety
schizophrenic
personality
100
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
social scripts
parental investments
display rules
101
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
102
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
103
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
retrieved
encoded
ablated
104
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
105
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
hallucinations
106
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
107
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
108
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
color
brightness
109
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
110
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
111
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
112
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
conformity
group polarization
social loafing
113
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
cannabis
alcohol
114
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
strange situation
shared inhibition
115
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
116
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
117
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
frustration
conflict
change
118
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
print letters
sing a song
tie shoe laces
119
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
120
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
symmetry
constancy
similiarity
121
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
122
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
123
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
124
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
fear
happiness
125
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
126
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
127
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
128
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a phobia
an obsession
a delusion
129
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
130
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
131
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
thyroid
132
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
133
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
mechanical
134
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
fixation
regression
compensation
displacement
135
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
136
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
137
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
138
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
fear reaction
rat
loud noise
139
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
140
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
141
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
social charm
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
142
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
143
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
144
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
percentiles
standard deviation
145
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
146
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
platonic
phonemic
147
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
148
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
149
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
150
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
