Logic Revision 2024

Formal fallacies contain an error in structure.

Inductive arguments are intended to show that the conclusion is probably true but not certain.

All students are billionaires. No billionaires are Republicans. So, no students are Republicans.

All chickens we have seen are brown; so, all chickens are brown.

If a deductive argument has all true premises and a false conclusion, then it is necessarily invalid.

Joe baked his brownies two hours longer than usual. Therefore, they have probably been ruined. - inductively strong

When the premise(s) of a deductive argument are true, the conclusion must be true as well.

Using a celebrity endorsement is typically an appeal to false authority.

Since x+y = 10, and x = 7, it follows that y=4

I am sure you will agree that we should work together to increase the profits. Those not agreeing will be fired.

All bears are mammals, all mammals have kidneys; so, all bears have kidneys.

Whenever I wear green socks, my logic exam goes well. That is why I save green socks to wear on the day of logic exam.

It hasn’t been proved that you have been studying enough. Hence, the facts plainly indicate that you should study more.

What is the key difference between deductive and inductive arguments?

Since all humans are mortals, and I am human, then I am mortal.

If an argument is invalid, then it must have at least one false premise.

If an argument has a conclusion that is certainly false, then the argument must be invalid.

If an argument is valid, then it must have at least one True premise.

Amos is a chemist. All chemists are good at math. So, Amos is good at math.

No splongs are crogs. All crogs are blonks. So, no splongs are blonks.

Mathematical arguments are a type of deductive argument.

Studying too much for a test can be confusing, for when you study too much, most important points are no longer clear.

An abusive attack against someone making the argument, instead of the argument itself is called?

Every valid argument has all true premises and a true conclusion.

In a valid deductive argument, the conclusion could be True or False.

Consciousness is either a physical or a nonphysical thing. Since its not physical, it must be nonphysical.

Jim is at least sixty. Jane is at least as old as Jim. So, Jane is at least sixty. This is an invalid argument.

A deductive argument can be either valid or invalid and still have true premises.

An invalid deductive argument could have all true propositions.

All people are frogs. I am a person. So, I am a frog.

Jim is under sixty. Jane is older than Jim. So, Jane must be older than sixty. This is a valid argument.

A fallacy based on the assumption that a statement must be true if it cannot be proven false or vice versa.

If you read the book, you will gain knowledge. You read the book. Therefore, you gained knowledge.

Which of the two argument types (deductive or inductive) seem to add something new to the premises?

Some invalid arguments have true premises and a true conclusion.

If the premises and conclusion are all false, the argument must be invalid.

Since Tom is the brother of Agatha, and Agatha is the mother of Raquel, it follows that Tom is the uncle of Raquel.

If the light is green, the driver can go. The driver went. So, the light was green.

All rock fish are orange and red. So if we catch a rock fish, then it will surely be red and orange.

When someone attacks a distorted version of the original argument that they themselves have created is called?