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VMI Bio 102 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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VMI Bio 102 Review
VMI Bio 102 Review
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Final Exam. Yuh
Flashcards
113 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
113
Answers
1
Did it hurt?
when you fell from heaven hehe
when i rammed u
2
Nutrients cycles involve:
weather and decomposition only
the environment where nutrients orginate and organisms from
the sun only
just water
3
Spermatogenesis and ovulation are triggered by
declines in estrogen and testosterone
surges in estrogen and testosterone
surges in LH and FSH
4
Insects and plants evolving against each other is what kind of relationship?
evolutionary arms race
mutualism
density-dependence
5
Reflex pathways are
all the above
the simplest pathways of the nervous system
do not require any learning
an automatic response to a stimulus
6
Breathing is controlled by what part of the brain?
cerebellum
hippocampus
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
7
The pulmonary circuit of mammals
carries blood to body tissues and back
allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix
carries blood to the lungs and back
8
Which of the following teeth are less prominent in animals with plant diets
premolars
incisors
canines
molars
9
Predators and prey tend to co-evolve traits because:
random genetic change alone
success in eating is the only determinant
chance alone accounts for all evolution
they are creating pressures on eachother's genetic dist.
10
Nerves are ______ and neurons are ________
cells and bundles of these cells
bundles of neurons and cells
11
What makes up the majority of whole blood?
hormones, enzymes and organic wastes
red and white blood cells
plasma and dissolved proteins
12
Why do muscles experience rigor mortis?
actin and myosin no longer attach
the muscle runs out of ATP
the muscle decomposes
13
Adipose is a connective tissue that is
used to connect epithelia to underlying tissues
used to protect and cushion body organs
made up of osteocytes
found in tendons to connect muscle to bone
14
Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because
pulmonary muscles contract
intercostals and diaphragm contract
gas flows from a region of low pressure to a region of high
15
An endoskeleton consists of
fluid in an internal space
internal hard parts
hardened plates at the surface of a body
ya mothas
16
Most of the chemical digestion of food in humans is in the
appendix
small intestine
stomach
17
Which selection is when both extremes have high fitness?
disruptive
stabilizing
directional
18
Which vessel transports oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
19
Acetylcholine
is an enzyme
is related to the influx of sodium in a muscle contraction
is a neurotransmitter found only in the brain
is a neurotransmitter associated with neuro junctions
20
The parasympathetic division controls
fight or flight
increased release of epinephrine
digestion and resting heart rate
increased heart rate and blood pressure
21
The primary function of a typical leaf is
absorption
support
photosynthesis
food storage
22
The two primary cell types of the nervous system are _____ and _____
neurons and epithelial cells
neurons and glial cells
fibroblasts and chondrocytes
epithelial and glandular cells
23
Bone is broken down by
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
Wills pee pee
My pee pee
24
Osteoporosis happens when
calcium intake is insufficient
hormonal calcium regulation is defective
all the above
osteoclasts break down bone too much
25
Protein digestion is aided by which of the following enzymes
bile
pancreatic protease
lipase
pancreatic amylase
26
Which of the following statements about speciation is TRUE?
all of the above
reproductive isolation is an important component
one species splits into two daughter species
it is usually gradual
27
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood
distribute heat from muscles to skin
deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells
coordinate body system responses
carry metabolic wastes for disposal
28
Specialized leaves are also used for which of the following?
tendrils to climb
traps for insects
water storage
all of these
29
Males have both estrogen and testosterone
false
true
30
The main center for the control of the internal environment is the
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
cerebellum
31
There is no cost or benefit for cattle in the relationship with egrets. This is
commensalism
amensalism
32
Movement of food along the intestinal tract from mouth to anus is due to
osmosis
reverse peristalsis
diffusion
peristalsis
33
Which of the following statements about population bottlenecks is FALSE?
they arise from severe reductions in population size
they can result in the loss of genetic variation
they are an example of genetic drift
they can result in changes in allele frequencies
34
Mimicry is most often an adaptation against
decomposers
predators
mutualists
competitors
35
Whats my favorite color
red
whatever your favorite color is ;)
blue
36
Smooth muscle is
is under voluntary control
found in the heart
is striated
found in the walls of arteries
37
The species that live and interact in a given area constitute an ecological
food web
family
community
biome
38
Evolutionary theory is supported by which of the following?
the fossil record
experimental observations
all of these
genetic data
39
The fossil record shows:
things about organisms' environment, like past oxygen levels
traces of how these organisms lived, like footsteps
An assortment of organisms that are ancestors tolivingthings
all of these
40
What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?
endo are ductless and release into extracellular fluids
endo have ducts and release
exo have ducts and release
exo are ductless and release into extracellular fluids
41
The left ventricle in humans is more muscular than the right because
resistance due to area covered by pulmonary
resistance is higher due to area covered by systemic
pumps thicker blood
pumps more blood
42
Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?
how they are used in metabolism
molecular weight of the element or compound
the quantities of each required by plants
whether or not they are essential for plant growth
43
Certain nutrients are "essential" in the diets of some animals because
only those animals use those nutrients
these animals are not able to synthesize those nutrients
the nutrients are subunits of important polymers
the nutrients are necessary coenzymes
44
The lymphatic system
responds to pathogens and foreign cells
both
interacts closely with the circulatory system
45
Transport of sugars is a main function of
all the above
stems
roots
leaves
46
What does breathing provide the body with? What does it expel?
oxygen/carbon tetrachloride
oxygen/co2
co2/oxygen
47
Injection of C.
botulinum
neurotoxin (Botox)
causes irreversible muscle contraction
prevents release of Ach by motor neurons
prevents ATP formation by a muscle
all the above
48
An action potential
requires a stimulus great enough to pass threshold
only uses a potassium pump
moves back and forth
49
The role of tendons is to join
two bones
bone and ligament
two ligaments
muscle and bone
50
Evolution is:
something that used to happen to dinosaurs
genes mutating/changing and genetic distributions changing
only something that happens in bacteria
no longer happening in living creatures
51
diastole is when the ventricles are
relaxed
contracted
52
Physiological changes in the respiratory system that occur in response to high altitudes is
aggravation
agglutination
acclimatization
chemoreception
53
The ultimate origin of all genetic variation is
genetic drift randomly changing distributions
natural selection
the founder effect
mutation creating new variations
54
What does hemoglobin do?
allows the blood to carry a large amount of O2
packaged inside red blood cells
all the above
quaternary protein with very high affinity for O2
55
The reflex pathway is
stimulus-brain-motor neuron-muscle response
stimulus-spinal cord-motor neuron-muscle response
56
Where is water found inside our bodies?
only outside and around cells
none of the above
only inside cells
found both inside and outside cells
57
systole is when the ventricle is
relaxed
contracted
58
Change in allele frequency of a population is called
microevolution
macroevolution
59
At what point during the female menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
around day 14
at the beginning
at the end
60
Cancers most commonly arise in _________ tissue
epithelial
nervous
connective
muscle
61
An ecosystem
has a generally one-way flow of energy
requires ongoing inputs of energy and nutrients
all the above
recycles materials through its organisms and environment
62
Sexual reproduction
all the above
occurs only in vertebrates
produces identical offspring
requires the formation of gametes by meiosis
63
Most oxygen transported in human blood
combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide
is in form of bicarbonate
is bound to hemoglobin
is dissolved in the plasma
64
Blood pressure is high in _____ and low in _____
veins/arteries
arteries/veins
capillaries/arterioles
65
Which of the following is the most likely sequence of events in geographic speciation?
geographic barrier reproductive isolation genetic divergence
geographic barrier genetic divergence reproductive isolation
66
Mycorrhizal fungi have what type of relationship with plants?
parasitic
mutualistic
67
Which of the following would represent primary succession?
none of the above
gradual establishment of a forest following a fire
invasion of weeds followed by shrubs in an abandoned farm
the development of an aquatic community in a new farm pond
68
Homeostasis is the process by which organisms:
maintain conditions within a certain range
regulate the brain synapses
regenerate liver cells
repair genetic errors
69
A species that exerts an influence on a community that is larger than its population portion is
keystone species
ecosystem engineer
successional species
primary producer
70
Exercise builds muscle by
increasing hormone levels
both
causing damage, which then makes the myosin/actin contract
71
Tissues are
only found in internal organs
made of one cell type acting together
two or more cell types acting together
only found in the skin
72
Your metabolic rate is associated with
pineal hormones and iodine
thyroid hormones and iodine
73
A sarcomere shortens when
thin filaments shorten
none of the above
both shorten
thick filaments shorten
74
Breathing eliminates _____ one of the waste products of cell metabolism
ccl4
co
co2
75
Vertebrate skin performs all the following functions except
providing protection from pathogens
provides sensory input
helps regulate body temperature
all are true
76
When plants are grown together, species A dominates and species B dies off. What is this
parasitism
succession
competitive exclusion
mimicry
77
Which of the following structures is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
bronchioles
bronchi
alveoli
78
Stem cells are cells that
all the above
are key to producing new or replacement tissues
can divide and produce more stem cells
can differentiate into specialized cells in the body
79
The fruits of flowering plants:
all of these
can be sweet sour or dry
contain seeds and store energy
feed birds
80
When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal
vesicles release their neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
calcium flows out of the axon
sodium flows out into the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter reuptake starts
81
Which does NOT contribute to the large surface area in the small intestine
villi
intestinal length
bile duct
microvilli
82
The major function of the colon or large intestine is
to reabsorb water
absorption of nutrients
the breakdown of food
83
Which of the following regions of the vascular is the actual site of gas exchange
veins
capillaries
lymphatic vessels
arteries
84
Which of the following are examples of mechanical digestion? (choose 2)
stomach contractions
protease
bile breaking down lipids
chewing food
85
Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
true
false
86
Neurotransmitters
only have one function
are released when Ca++ ions enter axon terminal
are released when the neuron is at resting potential
usually reside in vesicles OUTSIDE the axon terminal
87
Which of the following statements about complete digestive tracts is false
food enters and exits the same hole
there are two openings to the tract
88
For many animals, absorption of most nutrients occurs in the
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
89
Which of the following would be impacted by selection pressures acting on a population?
all of these
extreme at both ends
individuals at the left end
right end
90
Plants tend to transport:
water down to the roots and sugars to leaves
water up to the leaves and sugars down to roots
91
The major enzyme produced by the stomach is
pepsin
amylase
chyme
mucus
92
Some organisms, such as earthworms and squid, have clusters of neurons called
the peripheral nervous system
the spinal cord
ganglia
the central nervous system
93
Using plants to take up toxic chemicals dissolved in soil water is an example of
phytoremediation
phytoplankton
phytometabolism
mitigation
94
The main center for endocrine control of the internal environment is
thyroid gland
hypothalamus
cerebellum
pituitary gland
95
Which of the following is/are necessary to carry out muscle movement (choose two)
ATP
calcium
myostatin
myelin
96
The main protein in bone is
calcium
actin
collagen
myosin
97
The peripheral nervous system consists of
the brain and spinal cord
the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
the cranial nerves
all the nerves except the brain, spinal cord, and cranial
98
With NEGATIVE feedback, a stimulus causes about a response that ________ the stimulus
has no effect
reduces
accelerates
mimics
99
Plants are often pollinated by:
dogs
very large birds
small insects or the wind
humans
100
Evolution occurs at the level of
the individual
the population
101
Flowering plants use the flowers for:
only to make seeds
only as food source for animals
only for display
attracting pollinators gamete formation sexual reproduction
102
Platelets function in
blood clotting
movement of lymph
thermal regulation
oxygen transport
103
Which of the following best describes a fibrous root system?
deep growing
holds soil well
typical of many eudicots
104
Plants are made primarily of:
roots and shoots
leaves
water and iron
just roots
105
Which of these is not an ecosystem service?
water purification
all of these
fish nurseries
storm protection
106
Which of the following statements about biological evolution is FALSE?
species often co-evolve with other species
individuals in a population evolve
natural selection produces changes in species
species change over time in part due to chance
107
Male and female gonads have the following functions
both
making gametes
producing sex hormones
108
An action potential flows faster
when it propagates toward the dendrites
when the nerve is covered in a myelin sheath
when it is in the central nervous system
when the nerve is at resting potential
109
Releasing hormones secreted by the hypo cause which pituitary lobe to also secrete
anterior
posterior
both
110
Which of the following systems is responsible for distributing materials and maintaining pH?
skeletal
nervous
circulatory
integumentary
111
Muscles... (choose two)
they run a train on a girl of your choosing
work in opposing pairs
can expand past their fully-relaxed length
can cause bone to move by contracting fibers
112
Blood is a type of ________ tissue
epithelial
connective
113
A species that tends to tell you something about an ecosystem's health is:
an intermediate disturbance
an indicator species
