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Research methods midterm exam practice Flashcards | StudBud
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Research methods midterm exam practice
Research methods midterm exam practice
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1
Which of the following best describes an independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
The variable that is measured as an outcome
The variable that is affected by the dependent variable
A variable that has no impact on the study
2
Identify the research question:
A study examines air pollution’s effect on lung capacity.
Urban lung capacity is better
Air pollution does not impact lungs
Pollution is a major issue
How does air pollution affect lung capacity?
3
Identify the research group
Benefits of reducing dietary fat
High-protein diets in all age groups
Impact of diet on teenage cholesterol
Effects of diet on adults
4
A survey asks participants to rank their favorite movies from most to least favorite. What type of scale is this?
Interval
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
5
Which scale allows for meaningful differences between values but has no true zero point?
Interval
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
6
What is the main advantage of an experimental study?
It is always easier to conduct
It does not require a control group
It allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships
It eliminates all biases
7
Determine the study design
Retrospective
Longitudinal
Cross-sectional
Case study
8
Which of the following is NOT a key step in conducting a literature review?
Searching for relevant literature
Writing the discussion section
Developing a theoretical framework
Reviewing and synthesizing selected literature
9
A customer satisfaction survey rates service on a scale from 1 (Dissatisfied) to 5 (Satisfied). What scale is used?
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
Nominal
10
Determine the study design
Case-control study
Cross-sectional study
Experimental study
Longitudinal study
11
What is the null hypothesis?
A study tests if classical music improves memory.
Music improves memory
Music has no effect on memory
Music worsens memory
Memory is affected by sleep
12
Identify key study components
IV: Anxiety symptoms, DV: CBT program
IV: Participants, DV: Study duration
IV: CBT program, DV: Anxiety symptoms
IV: Placebo group CBT program, DV: Clinical assessments
13
Which of the following is a key limitation of longitudinal studies?
They cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships
They do not account for individual variability over time
They only collect data at one point in time
They require long-term participant commitment and can be expensive
14
What is the alternative hypothesis?
A study examines whether sleep deprivation affects driving performance.
Driving skills are unrelated to sleep
Driving performance is only affected by age
Sleep deprivation worsens performance
Sleep deprivation has no effect
15
Identify the research gap
Mediterranean diet’s effect on memory
Dietary habits of younger adults
Standardized cognitive testing
Diet’s impact on physical health
16
Temperature measured in Fahrenheit or Celsius is an example of what type of scale?
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
Interval
17
What is the main purpose of a literature review?
To place a study in the context of existing research
To summarize all existing studies on a topic
To provide a detailed methodology
To criticize previous research
18
Identify the author's conclusion
Fast-paced music increases workout intensity
Heart rate is not affected by music
Slow music improves endurance
Music tempo has no effect on workouts
19
Which study design is best suited for analyzing the effects of a rare medical condition over time?
Longitudinal study
Case study
Cross-sectional study
Retrospective study
20
Which study design involves data collection at a single point in time?
Longitudinal study
Cohort study
Experimental study
Cross-sectional study
21
What is the alternative hypothesis?
A study tests if omega-3 supplements improve focus in adults over 50.
Focus is determined by age
Omega-3 has no effect
Older adults already have strong focus
Omega-3 improves focus
22
Study examines how caffeine affects reaction time. Random assignment of participants. What is the independent variable?
Reaction time
Random assignment
Caffeine intake
Participants
23
Identify the study design
Before and after
Longitudinal study
Case study
Cross-sectional study
24
Identify the research gap
Social media and adolescent mental health
Mental health in young adults
Effects of screen time on attention span
Daily screen time’s impact on pre-teen self-esteem
25
Which type of study follows the same group of individuals over a long period?
Longitudinal study
Cross-sectional study
Case study
Experimental study
26
Study design used?
Researchers follow 500 people for 20 years to study diet and heart disease.
Longitudinal cohort
Experimental
Cross-sectional
Case-control
27
What is a Type II error?
Failing to reject a false null
Incorrectly accepting an alternative
Incorrect data analysis
Rejecting a true null hypothesis
28
A researcher measures participants' weight in kilograms. What type of scale is this?
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
29
Identify the dependent variable
Cortisol levels
Participants
Exercise time
Study length
30
Which of the following is an example of an extraneous variable?
Temperature in a study measuring the impact of noise on concentration
A placebo effect in a drug trial
Results on an exam in a study about memory performance
Hours of study in a research on test performance
31
What is a Type I error?
Failing to reject a false null
Rejecting a true null hypothesis
Incorrectly accepting an alternative
Not detecting a real effect
32
What type of error is made if a researcher fails to detect a real effect of an antidepressant when one actually exists?
Type 1 error
Measurement bias
Type 2 error
Sampling bias
33
Identify key study components
IV: College students, DV: Phone use
IV: Sleep quality, DV: Phone use before bed
IV: Self-reported data, DV: Phone use
IV: Phone use before bed, DV: Sleep quality
34
What is the purpose of operationalizing variables?
To reduce sample size
To ensure variables remain constant
To eliminate biases from a study
To define how a variable will be measured
35
What type of error is made if a researcher concludes a new drug is effective when it is actually not?
Measurement bias
Type 2 error
Experimenter bias
Type 1 error
36
What is the primary reason why researchers use a double-blind experimental design?
To ensure participants understand the study’s purpose
To prevent experimenter and participant bias
To prevent experimenter bias
To allow researchers to manipulate multiple independent variables
37
Identify the gap in literature:
Past research studied screen time & sleep in teens but not kids under 10.
Screen time’s impact on kids under 10
Benefits of reducing screen time
Effect of screen time on teens
Link between screen time and sleep
38
What are the four Ps in identifying research problems?
Population, Parameters, Policies, Proposals
Population, Proposals, Phenomena, Policies
People, Problems, Programs, Phenomena
People, Projects, Programs, Predictions
39
What is the key difference between a research problem and a research question?
A research question is used in quantitative studies only
There is no difference
A research problem is broader than a research question
A research problem defines an issue; a research question seeks to solve it
40
Identify the hypothesis tested
Sleep deprivation has no impact on problem-solving skills
Sleep deprivation impairs problem-solving abilities
Logical reasoning is unaffected by sleep
More sleep reduces mental fatigue
