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Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
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1
Earth's surface water is found in:
all of above
rivers
streams
lakes
2
Two diseases that can be caused by pollution are:
lead poisoning/lung cancer
measles/TB
colds/flus
cholera/river blindness
3
Example of a population is:
all plants ina forest
all trees in a forest
all animals in a forest
all maple trees in a forest
4
Which gas makes up 78% of atmosphere, but can only be used after transformed by bacteria?
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
5
The major human causes of extinction today are:
polluting & invasive species
neither a nor b
both a & b
hunting & destroying habitats
6
Genetic engineering of food crops
both a & c
is only used with corn
continues to be debated among scientists
must be disclosed on food ingredient labels
7
"Tragedy of the Commons" describes conflict between:
developing & developed nations
farmers and industrialized society
individuals and society
Canada and Mexico
8
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is:
oxygen
water
nitrogen
CO2
9
A population pyramid is created by:
calculating # of children a woman births in her lifetime
graphing distribution of ages of population at specific time
estimating demand for services within a community
noting when each group member dies
10
Heterotrophs get energy:
from organic molecules
from breaking down food molecules
all of the above
through cellular respiration
11
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
herbivores
omnivores
decomposers
all of the above
12
The primary producers in a grassland ecosystem would most likely be:
bacteria
insects
algae
grasses
13
Which is not a threat to biodiversity?
species preservation
habitat fragmentation
introduced species
overexploitation
14
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
killer whale
leopard seal
krill
algae
15
Biodiversity is:
# species living on Earth
# and variety of species living on Earth
# and variety of species considered renewable
# and variety of species that live in an area
16
Pollutants produced by burning coal include:
CO2
chlorinated hydrocarbons
CFCs
CO
17
The average global temperature has ______ during 20th century:
risen some years and fallen others, but decreased overal
increased every year
risen some years and fallen others, but increased overall
remained the same
18
The extinction of species:
is a problem only where soil and water are elimited
only occurs in the tropics
is sped up by human activity
is not a problem currently
19
Which is a nonpoint-source pollution?
polluted wastewater from a chemical plant
leaking oil tanker
runoff from agriculture feedlots
unlined landfill
20
Which of the following is a developing nation?
France
Ethiopia
U.S.
Canada
21
Which of the following best describers a population?
all members of the same species
same species living in same place at same time
all red birds in an area
all types of organisms living in the same place
22
Most of today's environmental problems began during:
hunter-gatherer period
Industrial Revolution
agricultural revolution
Both a & c
23
A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a:
population
biome
habitat
community
24
The difference between a predator and parasite is that a predator:
harms another organism
usually kills & eats its prey
benefits from another organism
lives in or on a host
25
The U.S. laws that protect endangered species:
are considered the strongest in the world
are much weaker than legal protections than other countries
apply to only 10 animals and 20 plants
are rarely enforced
26
The number of wild horses per square km in a prairie is the horse population's:
dispersion
size
birth rate
density
27
Over millions of years, plants and their pollinators have:
coevolved
crossbred
become parasites
become competitive
28
Climate in a region is:
long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions
never affected by ocean currents
determined only by seasonal daylight hours
atmospheric conditions on a given day
29
Species evolving in response to other living members of their ecosystem is:
coevolution
compromise
ecology
parasitism
30
A sustainable world would be characterized by the:
indefinite existence of human populations
invention of safer storage for toxic waste
exploitation of resources using technology
preservation of rare animals
31
Organisms are adapted to survive in particular environments. This explains why:
captive-breeding programs are ineffective
compromise is impossible on environmental issues
habitat destruction accounts for most extinctions
non-native plant species never flourish in new areas
32
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a problem because they:
are released by A.C. and gets into groundwater
were once thought to be a hazard
attacks ozone molecules
corrode aerosol cans
33
The carrying capacity of an environment is determine by:
supply of limited resources
distribution of population
# individuals
reproductive potential of species
34
Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem
vacant lot
coral reef
utility pole
oak forest
35
Which country is most likely to have a stable population?
Pakistan
Mexico
India
Canada
36
What term is used to refer to many possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem?
food web
food chain
energy transfer
energy pyramid
37
Coal, oil, and natural gas
are fossil fuels
are formed from decayed plants
all of the above
release CO2 when they are burned
38
Which is legal under the Endangered Species Act
destroying habitat of an endangered plant
conducting research of endangered species with a permit
capturing a threatened species for a zoo
digging up an endangered plan and selling it
39
Most air pollution is produced by:
fuel burning
ozone layer depletion
volcanic eruptions
thermal inversion
40
Air pollution is a major health problem caused by burning of fuels in:
all of the above
vehicles
home furnaces
power plants
41
Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because:
all of the above
pollutants cling to materials
groundwater is deep in the ground
it takes 100-1,000 years
42
Consumers are organisms that:
get solar energy indirectly
eat only other animal species
known as self-feeders
occupy ecosystem's lowest energy level
43
Which of the following best described use of renewable resource?
mining copper
filling car with gas
building wooden furniture
burning coal
44
Things you do that contribute to a cleaner environment include:
recycling
mass transportation
all of the above
educating public
45
Algae is a:
consumer
decomposer
heterotroph
producer
46
Every 2 adults has 2 offspring that live to reproduce. What happens to population after time?
disperse randomly
grow
shrink
remain the same
47
Which of the following statements is not correct:
Plants get their energy directly from the sun
Animals get their energy from the sun indirectly
consumers get energy directly from the sun
Rare bacter in deep ocean get energy from hydrogen sulfide
48
An ecological footprint is the:
number of trees people cut down
amount of land and ocean needed to support one person
number of animals a person has killed
mark a person's shoe makes in mud
49
Destruction of tropical rain forests:
threaten existence of thousands of species
all of above
provides for more pasture and farmland
done partly because of need for lumber
50
Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms:
with one another and their physical environment
and the food they eat
with one another & biotic factors
& their communities
51
What results from the same species requiring the same food and space?
competition
primary successtion
interspecific competition
secondary succession
52
A true statement about greenhouse gases is that they:
convert sunlight into heat that warms Earth
trap heat that is radiated upward from Earth
are concentrated in stratosphere
are not affected by human activity
53
An endangered species is:
species growing on public land
organism brought to a place where it has not lived
species in danger of extinction
species that has disappeared entirely
54
For evolution to occur in a population, individuals w/ a trait naturally selected for must:
coevolve
leave the area
live a long time
reproduce
55
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except:
roundworm in human intestine
tick on cat
mistletoe on tree
cow in pasture
56
In scientific investigation, it is important that the number of objects being sampled is:
a guess of how likely an unwanted outcome will occur
large enough to be accurate estimate for whole population
equal to mean # of objects not sampled
equal to total statistical population
57
The total variety of living organisms in the biosphere is called:
ecological pyramid
sustainable development
conservation biology
biodiversity
58
Acid precipitation can be traced back to:
use of electrostatic precipitators
release of PM into atmosphere
burning of fossil fuels
thermal inversions
59
Why is wood considered a limited resource in developing countries?
excess wood is used to make shantytowns
people cut down trees faster than they can grow
fuelwood allows people to purify their water
wood is used in place of money
60
The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface & atmosphere is:
precipitation
condensation cycle
water cycle
evaporation
61
Compared to developing nations, developed nations have:
faster-growing populations
greater personal wealth
lower health standards
higher infant mortality rates
62
Many autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through:
cellular respiration
eating food
fermentation
photosynthesis
63
The density of a population is:
proportion of males and females
# individuals living in cities
# individuals per unit area
# of individuals born every year
64
Major ecosystems that occur over wide areas of land are called:
communities
habitats
biomes
food chains
65
Competition for food cannot occur:
among populations whose niches overlap
between animals from 2 different ecosystems
among members of same populations
between 2 populations
66
The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives is:
food zone
tropical level
habitat
community
67
Which of the following is density-independent:
fire
space
disease
food
68
The group that does NOT receive experimental treatment in an experiment is the:
variable
data
experimental group
control group
69
Using scientific info to help clean up a lake describes:
ecology
social science
environmental science
earth science
70
The increase in Earth's average temp. from CO2 building is called:
global warming
eutrophication
ozone depletion
transpiration
71
Ozone in the atmosphere:
all of the above
absorbs harmful UV radiation
leads to formation of acid rain
combines readily with water vapor
72
Renewable sources of energy:
were never utilized until 20th century
are manufactured from fossil fuels
have to be created in laboratories
replenish themselves naturally
73
As a population reaches its carrying capacity, there is an increase in competition for:
all of the above
food
mates
shelter
74
A population of organisms grows:
when there are no restrictions except food availability
when birth rate exceeds death rate
all of the above
only in absence of predators/natural diseases
75
Which statement best describes exponential growth?
within a few years, population increases dramatically
species' reproductive potential declines
an individual plant grows much larger than usual
population immediately decreases
76
The energy in most ecosystems comes from:
sun
all of the above
wind
green plants
77
Parasites:
all of the above
rarely kill their hosts
coevolve with their hosts
usually smaller than their hosts
78
Plants play crucial role in carbon cycle because they:
have special bacteria that live in their root systems
do not release CO2 during cellular respiration
allow carbon to enter ecosystem thru photosynthesis
are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned
79
"Tragedy of Commons" addresses conflicts associated with what environmental challenge?
protecting shared resources
preserving biodiversity
preventing pollution
curbing overpopulation
80
Why is the world's loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen
it's not, because extinctions are common
species extinctions have been rare throughout history
both a & b
81
The community of a pond is made up of all the:
resources organisms need
populations of fish, insects, and other living organisms
abiotic factors in the water
habitats in and around water
82
If the supply of oil declined, and the demand remained the same:
oil price would decrease
oil usage would decrease
oil usage would increase
oil price would increase
83
In going from one trophic level to the next higher level:
the number of organisms increase
the amount of usable energy increases
diversity of organisms increases
the amount of usable energy decreases
84
If an insect eats a plant, about how much energy is stored in the insect?
1%
90%
10%
50%
85
During the agricultural revolution:
human populations decreased due to disease
both a & c
plants and animals were domesticated
fossil fuel use increased
86
Food webs are more commonplace than food chains because:
organisms are connected to many different organisms
many animals in food chains ar emigratory
none of the above
over time, food chains become food webs
87
Because of the Endangered Species Act, the sale of protected animals or plants is:
allowed for threatened, but not endangered species
punishable by a fine
subject to approval by Species Review Board
limited to quotas set for each species
88
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called:
predation
symbiosis
competition
mutualism
89
The level of biodiversity that involves a variety of habitats and communities is:
genetic diversity
population diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
90
Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located?
islands, rainforests, coastal areas
cities and developed area
desert and polar environments
all of the above
91
Fungi are:
omnivores
autotrophs
scaverngers
decomposers
92
Which of the following about global warming is NOT accurate?
only fossil fuels (not plants) release CO2 when burned
reforestation is not sufficient to slow global warming
global temp. and CO2 concentration are related
CO2 levels have risen over last 30 yrs
93
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare is an example of:
predator and prey
competition
parasite and host
mututalism
94
Producer-Consumer relationship is best illustrated by a:
snake eating a bird
lion eating a zebra
zebra eating grass
fox eating a mouse
95
One of the greatest threats to biodiversity is:
nitrification
old-growth forests
habitat destruction
ozone depletion
96
Heterotrophs get energy:
all of the above
through cellular respiration
from organic molecules
from breaking down food molecules
97
Energy flows from the sun through the living world when:
animals eat plants
plants get sun and make carbs
all of the above
animals eat animals that ate plants
98
Energy in fossil fuels is often converted into:
uranium
electricity
power plants
magnetic fiels
99
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid rain?
9.6
7.3
6.0
4.1