What was the purpose of the Sokal Hoax in 1996?

exposes perceived lack of intellectual rigor in postmodern science critique

What significant change occurred in primatology beginning in the 1970s?

Female primates began to be seen as active and strategic in their behavior

Science Studies, as an interdisciplinary field, primarily focuses on:

Understanding science as a cultural, political, and social process

What does Genevieve Lloyd argue in The Man of Reason about the concept of rationality?

early philosophy linked reason with maleness and emotion with femaleness

Which of the following best describes the main idea behind feminist epistemology?

Gender & social location influences the production/validation of knowledge

How did the increased presence of women in primatology influence the field?

Women focused more on female primate behavior, leading to new discoveries

How has Evelyn Fox Keller contributed to the critique of traditional science?

showing how gendered metaphors & assumptions has shaped scientific theories

What is the main idea behind naturalism in the philosophy of science?

Philosophy should study science like any other human activity.

How does naturalism compare to Popper’s and Kuhn’s views?

Naturalism focuses on how science really works, not just ideal rules.

What did Quine argue about how we should study knowledge?

By using psychology to understand how people actually learn.

Why do naturalists think psychology is useful for studying science?

Because it shows how people form and revise beliefs.

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Phil 439: Chapter 9 & 10

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Phil 439 Final Presentation

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Questions 12

Answers

1
What was the purpose of the Sokal Hoax in 1996?
supports feminist approaches to science
promotes interdisciplinary science studies
advocates for the complete rejection of science
exposes perceived lack of intellectual rigor in postmodern science critique
2
What significant change occurred in primatology beginning in the 1970s?
Female primates began to be seen as active and strategic in their behavior
Focus shifted entirely to male primate aggression
Primatology stopped using observational methods
Fieldwork was replaced by lab studies
3
Science Studies, as an interdisciplinary field, primarily focuses on:
Understanding science as a cultural, political, and social process
Reducing funding for controversial science topics
Replacing science with artistic interpretations of nature
Eliminating cultural influences from science
4
What does Genevieve Lloyd argue in The Man of Reason about the concept of rationality?
reason is a universal, gender-neutral concept
early philosophy linked reason with maleness and emotion with femaleness
women were historically more rational than men
emotion should be removed from all philosophical thinking
5
Which scholar is associated with contextual empiricism & objectivity is achieved through diverse scientific communities?
Evelyn Fox Keller
Alan Sokal
Helen Longino
Bruno Latour
6
Which of the following best describes the main idea behind feminist epistemology?
All scientific knowledge is false unless produced by women
Science should not be questioned because it is based on facts
Scientific knowledge must be politically neutral
Gender & social location influences the production/validation of knowledge
7
How did the increased presence of women in primatology influence the field?
Women prioritized male dominance in primates
Women emphasized genetic over behavioral studies
It had no major effect on research focus
Women focused more on female primate behavior, leading to new discoveries
8
How has Evelyn Fox Keller contributed to the critique of traditional science?
defending the objectivity of the scientific method
showing how gendered metaphors & assumptions has shaped scientific theories
arguing that science should avoid all social influence
developing new scientific experiments in physics
9
What is the main idea behind naturalism in the philosophy of science?
Science is only valid if it can be verified through logic.
Philosophy should study science like any other human activity.
Philosophy should guide science from outside it.
Science should follow strict logical rules at all times.
10
How does naturalism compare to Popper’s and Kuhn’s views?
Naturalism believes all science must be falsifiable.
Naturalism focuses on how science really works, not just ideal rules.
Naturalism tries to avoid historical context.
Naturalism ignores the work of scientific communities.
11
What did Quine argue about how we should study knowledge?
Through purely logical reasoning.
By using psychology to understand how people actually learn.
By creating strict rules for scientific methods.
By separating facts from values clearly.
12
Why do naturalists think psychology is useful for studying science?
Because it separates science from human behavior
Because it shows how people form and revise beliefs.
Because it eliminates the need for experiments.
Because it proves all scientific laws are universal.

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