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AP Euro: Chp 16 - Science & Enlightenment Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Euro: Chp 16 - Science & Enlightenment
AP Euro: Chp 16 - Science & Enlightenment
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Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment - McKay Ch. 16
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1
Johannes Kepler's contribution to astronomy was his proclamation
of Laws of Planetary motion
accepting Aristotelian ideas of motion
rejecting Brahe's conclusions
blending music and science
2
The main feature of the "Newtonian Synthesis" is his
use of shells and pebbles to explain astronomy
scientific method
blending of the occult and the scientific
law of universal gravitation
3
Francis Bacon was a proponent of
deductive reasoning
, which was based on
using observation to support general ideas
using truths to make further conclusions
4
Gottfried Willhelm von Liebnitz was lampooned in Voltaire's
Candide
for his belief that
time heals all wounds
good and evil are relative values
mind and body are united in one substance
man lives in the "best of all possible worlds"
5
Many Greek texts made their way into western Europe after 1453 because of the
capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire
proliferation of new accounting tools like letters of credit
relaxed import dues on scholarly goods under the Medici
rise in interest in astrology among elites
6
Natural philosophers often included which ancient fields in their practices and studies?
astronomy and astrology
card reading and astronomy
magic and alchemy
sleight of hand and astrology
7
Universities and academies did offer science posts to women in
France
Italy
Austria
Great Britain
8
Copernicus' ideas about the earth's movement were rejected by some Protestants because they
were based on philosophy rather than mathematics
were accepted by scholars at the Council of Trent
contradicted some passages in the Bible
appeared to embrace magic
9
Pierre Bayle's
Historical and Critical Dictionary
proclaimed the idea that
government without consent of the people was tyranny
nothing can ever be known beyond all doubt
everything is for the best
progress meant religious toleration
10
Science and empire found their interests merging in
"kings" of science
cataloging New World plants and animals
Imperial decrees of scientific truths
fighting Church influences on "truth"
11
The experimental method called for
tradition and observation
observation and then conclusions
speculation and observation
speculation and belief
12
For Voltaire, the equality that was realizable was
economic equality
equality under the law
equality of the sexes
social equality
13
Copernicus did not publish
On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
until 1543 because he
lacked patronage
feared retribution
wanted to translate it into Polish
wanted to be certain his claims were correct
14
Kepler's observations proved that planetary motion is
irregular
circular
elliptical
spherical
15
Locke's Two Treatises on Civil Government insisted on the sovereignty of
king over parliament
parliament over king
16
Tycho Brahe's contribution to astronomy lay in his
rejection of astrology
his use of sophisticated instruments
blending of Copernican and Ptolemaic ideas
compilation of accurate data on planetary motion
17
True of false: Galileo's
law of inertia
proves that objects are naturally at rest
True
False
18
Kepler's contributions to science include his pioneering the field of
alchemy
gastronomy
chemistry
optics
19
Voltaire and the philosophes believed that religious intoleration led to
anarchy
fanaticism
reason
inequality
20
Empiricism is based on
deductive reasoning
speculation
hypothesis
observation
21
Galileo was tried for heresy in 1632 because he
supported Protestant ideas
supported the intervention of Sweden in the Thirty Years War
openly challenged traditional views in favor of Copernicus
refused to recant his beliefs and was imprisoned
22
Some women, such as Maria Sibylla Merian combined art & science with careers as
technical writers
cadavers
scientific illustrators
models
23
Madame du Chatelet believed that women's limited role in science was due to
their lack of equal education
their inability to think mathematically
economic imperatives that cut science from schools
predestination
24
Which STEM field was used by Renaissance painters in their turn toward realism?
alchemy
astronomy
physics
geometry
25
Cartesian dualism is based on the existence of
mind and matter
brain and brawn
heart and soul
blood and bone
26
In his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" John Locke explains the human mind as a
an empty canvas
predestined propensity for good of evil
a "tabula rasa" or blank slate
sort of social contract
27
Enlightenment writers took intellectual focus away from antiquity and set an agenda to
solve human problems with mathematics
apply science to art and literature
cure madness
solve human problems with the methods of science
28
Descartes' view of the universe was
mechanistic
a rejection of so-called "first principles"
singular
idealistic
29
The appearance of a new star in 1572 and a comet in 1577 appeared to contradict
Copernicus' premise of planetary motion
the existence of God
centuries-old beliefs in natural philosophy
the idea of unchanging and perfect heavenly spheres
30
Montesquieu's contribution to American government, found in The Spirit of the Laws was
objection to tyranny
bicameral legislature
social contract
separation of powers
31
The stated goal of Diderot and D'Alembert's
Encyclopedia
was to
change the general way of thinking to a more analytical one
reject knowledge not scientifically based
provide all people with the right answers
challenge government and church authority in articles
32
Andreas Vesalius was noted for his studies of
animal society
natural history
human anatomy
animal husbandry
33
Baron de Montesquieu used satire and the vantage point of outsiders in
The Persian Letters
to
critique Parisian society
promote religious toleration
answer Voltaire's attacks on the Church
make fun of the old Savafid empire
34
The Copernican hypothesis did NOT call into question
the movement of stars
the size of the universe
geocentrism
Aristotle's crystal spheres
35
Galileo's Sidereal Messenger "exploded" traditional beliefs about the universe by describing
his detailed defense of Aristotle and scholarly tradition
the observations made with his telescope
his mathematical calculations of Jupiter's moons
his tortured relations with the Catholic Church
36
Aristotle and his followers believed that objects are naturally in motion
no - force is needed to move them
only in the lunar sphere
yes - force is needed to stop them
when they are in the fifth essence
37
Galileo was reluctant to join forces with Kepler because he feared
their ideas were too untried to promote
retribution from the Catholic Church
the math used to calculate orbits was flawed
Kepler might steal his ideas
38
Blood circulation through veins and arteries was discovered by
William Harvey
Paracelsus
Robert Boyle
Andreas Vesalius
