stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
APES Semester 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
APES Semester 1 Review
APES Semester 1 Review
63 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
29 plays
Review for APES Exam
Flashcards
63 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
63
Answers
1
Which is NOT a keystone species?
manatee
alligator
sea otter
gopher tortoise
2
Which best describes energy transfer in a food web?
to consumers, which use it to synthesize food
autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers to producers
producers to oxygen, which supports consumers
plants and transferred to consumers through herbivory
3
Which of the following describes what happens in the transitional stage?
birth rate drops and death rate rises
birth rates equal and then fall below death rates
high birth rate and a high death rate
high birth rate and death rates drop
4
Which is most likely to lead to a more sustainable world culture?
increasing green energy production for all
creating linear industrial systmes
increasing economic growth in developing nations
reducing consumption and halting population growth
5
The largest reservoir of carbon in the carbon cycle is
the atmosphere
freshwater systems
plant life
sediments and fossil fuels
6
A keystone species
is the most numerous species
feeds at several different trophic levels
is most likely to be a producer on which all species depend
is most likely a top predator
7
If the pH of a solution is increased from 7 to 9, it means that the
concentration of OH- has decreased by 10 times
concentration of H+ has decreased by 100 times
concentration of H+ has increased by 2 times
concentration of OH- has increased by 2 times
8
The species most often vulnerable to human impact is the
producer
keystone species
top predator
foundation species
9
The ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbances
resilience
tolerance
synergistic effects
10
The energy content and biomass of ___ are highest in any food web
omnivores
producers
top predators
herbivores
11
K strategists tend to reproduce ___ in life.
rarely
later
frequently
early
12
The evaporation of water from the surface of plants
transpiration
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
13
The raw material for evolution by natural selection
an adaptive trait
ecosystem biodiversity
speciation
species genetic variation
14
The lesson of Easter Island was that
resource conservation is necessary for sustainability
political + government support ensure sustainable societies
species extinction is natural and faster on islands
economics facilitates sustainable societies
15
The primary reason for the currently high species extinction rate is
overpopulation
habitat destruction
invasive species
global climate change
16
A modern day example of the tragedy of the commons would be
mining in a US national park
acid rain falling throughout the NE US
grazing sheep in a private park
use of herbicides by industrial agriculture in CA
17
If autotrophs contain 500,000 kcal of energy, the secondary consumers will receive __ of energy
500 kcal
50 kcal
5,000 kcal
50,000 kcal
18
Bycatch is the ___ fish from commercial fishing.
needed
most expensive
unwanted
sought after
19
Which are renewable natural resources?
tidal energy, water, and mineral ores
water, soil, air, and oil
forests, water, and soil
timber, water, and mineral resources
20
What layer of the ocean receives sunlight in order for photosynthesis to occur?
Benthic
Photic
Buffer
Abyssal
21
Why is nitrification important to plants?
It is a major component of Chlorophyll in plants
Helps form new roots, makes seeds, fruits and flowers
Makes stems stronger and able to grow faster
nitrate is the preferred form of nitrogen uptake
22
When does exponential growth of a population occur?
when population exceeds carrying capacity
when resources are not limited
when species become physically crowded
when resources are limited
23
Land acquisition is an important part of which land use strategy?
reclamation
preservation
mitigation
remediation
24
Which is an example of a negative feedback loop?
increase in pre, resulting in increase of decomposers
increase in predators resulting in fewer prey
human exponential growth
melting of Antarctic sea ice resulting in sea level rise
25
Warm surfacewater moves into the eastern Pacific and results in worldwide weather disruption.
El Nieto
La Nina
El Nino
La Macarena
26
The Coriolis effect
affects wind speed
causes winds in the Northern hemisphere to curve to the east
is strongest at the equator
causes winds in the Northern hemisphere to curve to the west
27
Which of the following represent a mutualistic interaction/relationship?
mosquito sucking a human’s blood
A bee pollinating a flower while also feeding on the nectar.
Air plants attach to the trunks or branches of large trees
two bird species share resources
28
What is the precautionary principle?
Taking action before evidence of a cause-effect relationship
preventing habitat degradation before it happens
Cleaning up pollution after environmental damage
Preventing humans from impacting ecosystems
29
If a country's age structure diagram looks like a pyramid, the population
is shrinking
is growing exponentially
is expanding
is stable
30
Normal functioning of an ecosystem requires that
energy is recycled and matter change forms
matter is recycled and energy flows through systems
energy changes forms and is recycled
energy is recycled and matters flows through systems
31
In a scientific experiment the manipulated variable(s) is/are the
control
independent
both independent and dependent
dependent
32
Which is the largest contributor to declining fish catches worldwide?
pollution
overfishing
global warming
ocean acidification
33
What relationship is not considered parasitic?
flea and dog
tapeworm and human
Alien hatchling and human
remora and shark
34
Species interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
parasitism
commensalism
predation
mutualism
35
A controlled scientific experiment
preferably collects quantitative over qualitative data
designed to generate new scientific hypotheses
manipulates as many variables as possible
designed to test the validity of a hypothesis
36
____ are typical primary consumers in a temperate deciduous forest
bison
wolves
snakes
deer
37
Total fertility rate represents:
average #children born to a woman during reproductive years
the average number of children women has in her life
average #children for a couple to replace themselves
number of live births per 1000 people in population per year
38
A trophic cascade is the effect of ___ on ___.
detritivores, decomposers
producers, primary consumers
top consumers, lower levels
flooding, terrestrial ecosystems
39
The lake zone with the highest biodiversity
littoral
benthic
euphotic
pelagic
40
Number used to calculate the Doubling Time of a population [divide ___ by growth rate(r)]
10
100
70
40
41
Sustainability occurs when
present demands met without compromising the future
external costs factored into the value of ecosystems
environmental goals overlap with social and economic goals
biodiversity resources exceed human demand
42
Anoxic is the absence of oxygen in water due to…
global warming
excess organic wastes
ice ages
increased recreational use
43
When environmental conditions change, populations most vulnerable to extinction are
large populations of small individuals in urban areas
species specialized with regard to needed resources
species that are generalists with regard to needed resources
those that have reached their carrying capacity
44
What is ammonification?
nitrogen uptake by plants for healthy growth
Natural conversion of nitrate into nitrous oxide
Decomposers converting organic matter to ammonium ion
Conversion of ammonium ion into nitrite then nitrate
45
The most serious human alteration of the water cycle is
deforestation and erosion
due to burning fossil fuels
destruction of marine life from desalination
overdraft of groundwater for agriculture
46
Multiple interacting species that live in the same area
species
community
population
ecosystem
47
The second law of thermodynamics states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed
energy can be cycled, but not converted
no energy transfer is 100% efficient
48
One example of ______ is the depletion of ocean fishstocks.
tragedy of the commons
sustainable yield
49
When a large continuous area of habitat is divided into smaller and isolated patches.
habitat fragmentation
dispersion
ecological succession
species evenness
50
What important contribution did Thomas Malthus make to society?
Established the first national park at Crater Lake
Observed population growth dynamics
Proposed the concept of natural selection
Developed the three laws of thermodynamics
51
What is aerobic respiration?
uses carbon dioxide to produce energy
a process used by all eukaryotes
uses oxygen to produce energy
both 1 and 3
52
Environmental economists believe that in a market system economic sustainability is achieved by
valuing environmental justice
reducing economic growth and using resources efficiently
reducing population growth
including the economic value of ecosystem services
53
Which will NOT reduce poverty in developing nations?
Equal rights and access to birth control for women
Prevent immigration to the US
Increase nonmilitary aid from developing countries
Provide increased access to education
54
Sustainably managed ecosystems would
provide enhanced services over unaltered natural ecosystems
have different but equal services than converted ecosystems
restore the original biodiversity of ecosystems
provide higher valued services than converted ecosystems
55
Forests supply us with vital ecosystem services. The service most linked to climate change is
contributing oxygen through photosynthesis
carbon sequestration potential
moderation of precipitation patterns
influence on El Nino effects
56
Which is not a cause of succession?
fire
hurricane
nutrient cycling
tsunami
57
Which is an endangered species?
javan rhino
raccoon
dove
yellowfin tuna
58
Which is NOT a characteristic of the Endangered Species Act of 1973?
federal agencies cannot threaten, modify, or destroy habitat
listing decisions made based on economics and biology
first legislation to give legal standing to wildlife
species cannot be hunted, collected, or injured in the US
59
The K-T mass extinction occurred _____ years ago and resulted in the extinction of ____.
65 million, the dinosaurs
10 million, Homo habilis
100 million, the trilobites
3 million, Homo erectus
60
Which accounts for the amount of goods and services purchased by households in a year?
GDP
GNP
NPP
GPP
61
A scientific hypothesis
is testable and explains a phenomenon or answers a question
always consists of one independent variable
includes the design of an experiment
prediction about something you have not observed
62
Which combination of processes can change global species diversity?
emigration and immigration
emigration and extinction
speciation and extinction
speciation and immigration
63
What is an example of an external cost?
paying for the labor that made the product you purchased
new solar array across town which decreases CO2 released
none of the above
climate change due to the burning of fossil fuels
