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A2.2 - Cell structure Flashcards | StudBud
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A2.2 - Cell structure
A2.2 - Cell structure
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IB Biology
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71 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Unicellular organisms perform all of the following except
excretion
homeostasis
metabolism
differentiation
2
Chlorella
produce their own food. What is different b/t these cells and other bacterial cells?
chloroplast
cilia
vacuole
cytosome
3
Enables movement in prokaryotic cells
flagella
cytoplasm
nucleoid region
plasmids
4
Functions of life act together to produce a living unit. What is the function of metabolism?
all chemical reactions that occur in the cell
maintenance of constant internal environment
ability to convert energy from one form into another
heredity molecules are passed to offspring
5
Region where DNA is located in prokaryotic cells
nucleoid region
flagella
cytoplasm
plasmids
6
Why are aseptate fungi cells considered to be an atypical example of cell theory?
Each hypha (cell) is a long undivided tube with many nuclei
They are unicellular
Each hypha does not have a cell membrane
Hypha are narrow, thread-like structures
7
Which of the following has discrepant cells that are not truly separated by cell membranes?
Fungal hyphae
Rhinovirus
Red blood cell
Bone calcium deposits
8
A light microscope has a _ than an electron microscope.
Higher resolution
Lower capacity
Higher capacity
Lower resolution
9
Which of the following is not evidence of a possible exception to the Cell Theory?
prokaryotes divide by binary fission
striated muscle have multiple nuclei
giant algae cells can be 100 mm long
some fungi have many nuclei throughout their hyphae
10
Which of these statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts provides evidence for the endosymbiosis hypothesis?
Both have their own ribosomes.
Both reproduce by binary fission.
Both have their own DNA.
all of these
11
Which of the following organelles does not have a double membrane?
nucleus
ribosomes
mitochondria
chloroplast
12
Which is not a function of a protein made in the rough ER?
Act as a messenger between cells
Create ribosomes
Become part of the membrane
Act as an enzyme
13
The plasma membrane is responsible for which of the following?
Maintaining the structure of plant cells
Compartmentalizing proteins
Acting as a messenger between organelles
Regulating what enters and exits the cell
14
Which kind of microscopy most commonly employs freeze fracture preparation of tissue specimens?
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Bright Field Microscopy
Normarsky Microscopy
15
Which of the following is
NOT
part of the modern Cell Theory?
All living things are made up of at least one cell
Cell is the basic unit capable of doing all life's functions
All cell's come from preexisting cells
All cell's have DNA
16
Where would genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleolus
nucleoid region
neutron
nucleus
17
The Cell Theory is considered a
theory
because:
It is a prediction (like a hypothesis)
There is some evidence to support but not enough to be a law
It proves where all cells originated from
All evidence found so far supports it
18
What is the function of ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
breakdown of cellular debris
synthsis of proteins
chromosome reorganization
locomotion
19
Paramecium and Chlorella are located at _____________ level on the level of organization.
Organ
Tissue
Organ System
Cell
20
What is the function of a centriole?
helps with cell division
energy production
waste removal
temperature regulation
21
Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory?
A single cell algae
A paramecium
a multicellular organism
striated muscle cells
22
Which of following is found in a eukaryote but not in a prokaryote?
nucleus
ribosomes
cell membrane
cytoplasm
23
Which statement is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
the nucleus contains DNA and histone proteins
DNA is replicated
chloroplasts and mitochondria contain 70S ribosomes
proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm
24
What structures do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
Cytoplasm & Ribosomes
Nucleus & Ribosomes
Ribosomes & mitochondria
Nucleus & Cytoplasm
25
Scanning Electron Microscope shows
Organelles
Ultra thin sections
The surface ofstructures
Twoclose objects separately
26
Which is not true of phloem sieve tube cells
Connected by sieve plate cells
Thick/rigid cell walls
Have many membrane proteins
No nuclei/organelles
27
What is the main function of a ribosome?
Create proteins
Change proteins into DNA
Cut apart faulty proteins
Transfer proteins around a cell
28
What is the role of the Golgi Complex?
no idea
digests cell debris in its vesicles
controls protein synthesis
package and distributes materials around the cell
29
Which of the following is not an advantage of compartmentalization?
makes metabolism more efficient
localized conditions
toxic and damaging substances can be isolated
easier to ingest an organism via phagocytosis
30
What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
both are found in a paramecium
Both are found in plant cells
Both are present in all eukaryotic cells
both are found in bacteria
31
Which of the following is not true of the nucleus?
contains 80 S ribosomes to make mRNA
has pores
has a double membrane
contains the nucleolus
32
Transmission Electron Microscopes show…
Ultra thin sections
Twoclose objects separately
Organelles
Thesurface of structures
33
What is the shape of DNA found in chloroplasts?
Staggered
Linear chromosome
Spaghetti-shaped
Circular loop
34
All of the following are principles of the cell theory except?
cells must all differentiate into new cells
all organisms are composed of one or more cells
all cells come from pre-existing cells
cells are the smallest unit of life
35
Which of the following statements is true for mitochondria?
All of the above
They contain their own DNA
They make/contain their own ribosomes
They reproduce separately from the cell
36
Electron microscopes
use beams of light
magnify 1,500 x
can be Scanning or Transmission
can be used to study living organisms
37
A cell that contains chloroplasts, a cell membrane and a nucleus is most likely what?
a lymphocyte
a prokaryotic cell
a neuron
a plant leaf cell
38
Which of the following is
NOT
a characteristic of life that we learned in IB Biology:
Requires Water
Performs Homeostasis
Reproduces
Obtains Nutrients
39
Compare Paramecium to Chlorella in terms obtaining energy
Heterotroph vs Chemoautotroph
Photoautotroph vs Chemioautoroph
Heterotroph vs Photoautroph
Photoautotroph vs Heterotroph
40
True or False: Vacuoles in animal cells are usually larger than those in plant cells.
True
False
41
Which organelle is the digestive center of a cell?
Rough ER
Lysosome
Vacuole
Smooth ER
42
The formula for calculating specimen size using magnification
length of specimen/magnification
magnification/length of specimen
length of specimen/scale bar length * scale bar label
length of specimen/ scale bar label * scale bar length
43
What is the name for the process in which a stem cell becomes a specialized cell?
Differentiation
Integration
Expression
Identification
44
Why do electron microscopes have a greater resolution than light microscopes?
electron microscopes specimens are prepared different
specimens are thinner in electron microscopes
light has a longer wavelength than electron beams
electron microscopes emit electrons at a greater frequency
45
One implication of all cells coming from preexisting cells would be:
All cells must have at least 1 nucleus
All living things are made up of at least more than 1 cell
Plant and animal cells must have a common ancestor cell
All cells must be microscopic
46
True or False: Ribosomes are larger in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells
False
True
47
How does the organisms in the image obtain energy from the environment?
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Respiration
Photosynthesis
48
Which structure is not found in all prokaryotic cells?
plasmids
cytoplasm
flagella
nucleoid region
49
In prokaryotes, which type of ribosomes are present?
70 S
80 S
50
Certain ________ must be "turned on" in order for a cell to become differentiated.
Genes
DNA
Chromosomes
DNA strands
51
A type of cell that is an example of a "discrepancy" of the cell theory would be:
Liver cell
Chlamydomonas
Paramecium
Striated Muscle Fibers
52
A pilus is most likely to do which of the following?
Cut an opening in a cell wall
Store plasma after binary fission
Puncture a failing ribosome
Prepare for transfer of DNA between bacteria
53
Magnification is
actual size/image size
image size/actual size
image x actual size
magnification x image size
54
What is the function of a nucleolus?
maintains DNA shape
acts as a nucleus in prokaryotic cells during division
creates ribosome parts
prevents DNA from leaving the nucleus
55
When cell differentiation occurs...
all genes in a cell are expressed
some genes are turned on and other genes remain off
cells only become nerve cells
no genes in a cell are expressed
56
Give a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
No mitochondria, no nucleus, has plasmids
DNA found in a nucleus
Has chloroplasts and a nucleus and plasmids
No cell wall
57
In prokaryotes, this structure is made of peptidoglycan
cell wall
plasma membrane
flagella
ribosomes
58
The folds of membrane found in the mitochondrion are called the:
Matrix
MItochondrial Pores
Cristae
Chitinous Folds
59
Name the cells capable of dividing at a fast rate and differentiating into various cell types.
bacterial cells
viruses
cancer cells
stem cells
60
What is the function of mitochondria?
They produce energy in the form of heat
They produce energy in the form of ADP
They produce energy in the form of glucose
They produce energy in the form of ATP
61
True or False: A mature red blood cell has a nucleus.
True
False
62
What does a virus have in common with a living cell?
a nucleus
genetic material
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
63
To prepare a specimen for a cryo-electron microscope, scientists must:
Flash-freeze it
Cover it in glitter
Put it on a slide with a drop of water
Grow a crystal of it
64
The entire genome is active...
Unipotent
Multipotent
Pluripotent
Totipotent
65
What is the process cells go through where they begin to express certain genes but not others?
cell replacement
cell modification
cell reproduction
cell differentiation
66
Which structure is not found in all cells?
plasma membrane
ribosomes
mitochondria
cytoplasm
67
What type of organism is shown in this image?
Volvox
Chlamydomonas
Paramecium
Amoeba
68
How are cells of the aseptate fungal hyphae atypical of cells?
They have multiple nuclei
They are large.
A and B
They gain energy by breaking down dead organisms
69
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?
plant
bacteria
animal
fungus
70
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
Binary fission
Mitosis
Meiosis
Apoptosis
71
Electron microscopes allow...
Higher magnification
3D images
Coloured images
Better resolution
