COEN 146 Finals Review Part 1

The SDN controller maintains network state information and interacts with applications below and network switches above

In the link-layer, checksum use how many bits?

A switch table includes:

Wireless hosts such as laptops, smartphones, IoT can run applications

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) determines interface's IP address, knowing its MAC address

Basic switches need to be configured, which require a password for all managed interfaces

Multiprotocol label switching provides high-speed IP forwarding among networks of routers using fixed length label

In VLAN, the trunk port carries frames between VLANs defined over a single physical switch

CRC calculations are done in modulo ____ arithmetic

Time slots are synchronized in which random access protocol?

In ad hoc mode, nodes can transmit to other nodes within link coverage and organize themselves into a network

In IEEE 802.11 frame addressing, address 4 is used in all modes

In bootstrapping, clients can “go to sleep” (park) and later wakeup (to save battery)

Random access protocols requires a prior coordination among nodes

MPLS signaling modifies OSPF link-state flooding protocols to carry info used by MPLS routing

In checksum, the sender sends numbers plus sum and the receiver recalculates and compares the sums

The data link transfer a segment from node to physically adjacent node over a link

In parked mode, clients self-assemble (plug and play) into piconet

Single-bit party detect and correct single bit errors

Which factors play a role in determining collision probability?

What are the network elements of datacenter networks?

SDNs leverage a reliable distributed system for the control plane. and has Internet-scaling and security

Which address is portable?

The interconnection in datacenter network increase throughput between racks and increased reliability via redunancy

In power management, mobile node will sleep if the access point has frames for this mobile node to be sent

Each interface on Local Area Network has a unique 48-bit MAC address and a locally unique 32-bit IP address

Spectrum is divided into channels at different frequencies

Two-dimensional bit parity detect single bit errors

Asynchronous OpenFlow messages is from the switch to the controller

What are the two sides for the communication between nodes?

Bluetooth is a wireless connection with ad hoc mode with a network of less than 10 meter diameter

A load balancer in application-layer routing distributes the load between the servers

The goal of IEEE 802.11 is to avoid collisions using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)

Does OpenFlow protocol use TCP or UDP?

For multiple hops, host connects to one base station (WiFi, cellular) which connects to larger Internet

In IP routing, the path to destination is determined by the sources and destination addresses

SDN does not have flow-based forwarding

The switch is a link-layer device that stores and selectively forwards Ethernet frames

Collision detection is easy in wired, difficult in wireless

In active scanning, the mobile broadcast a probe request frame

What are some of the challenges with datacenter networks?

Which link has decreased signal strength, interference from other sources, and multipath propagation?

Code division multiple access is used in cellular technologies and satellite communications, separated by chips or codes

Both switches and routers have forwarding tables

How many bits does a MAC address have?

In a single shared broadcast channel, a collision occurs if the node receives multiple signals at the same time

The receiver encapsulates the datagram in a frame, has error checking, reliable data transfer, flow control

Datacenter networks contain 10's to 100's of thousands of hosts but not in close proximity

If collision occurs in slotted ALOHA, node retransmits frame in each subsequent slot with probability p until successful

Software defined networking (SDN) consists of the control plane and the data plane

Taking turns random access protocols include:

Ethernet is reliable but connectionless

Routers operate based on store-and-forward but not switches

The efficiency formula for CSMA is \frac{1}{1+\frac{5t_{prop}}{t_{trans}}}

Frames encapsulate datagram in which layer?

_____ structure used to connect master with 7 slave devices, the connectivity between master and slave is pairing

In slotted ALOHA, all frames have the size with L number of bits whereeach timeslot contains 1 frame L/R

In VLANs, switches can be configured to define multiple virtual LANs over a single physical LAN infrastructure

Infrastructure provides connection into the wireless network

In SDNs, the flow table is computed and installed by the SDN-controlled switches

The link layer in the host is implemented in a network interface card (NIC) or on a chip

OpenFlow synchronous messages include

In dynamic membership, ports can be dynamically assigned among VLANs

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA): a unique code is assigned to each user to encode its data

In Ethernet CSMA/CD algorithm, the system admin will be notified after the 16th collision

In ALOHA, a node's decision to transmit is made _____

Multiple Access Protocol: it is fully decentralized and simple with an average rate of R/M over M nodes

What are the methods of detecting error codes?

SDN controller maintains accurate network state information, the state of remote links, switches, and the host

SDNs used the distance vector algorithm to determine end-to-end paths between sources and destinations

An increase in signal-to-noise ratio would lead to:

BSS (Basic Service Set) infrastructure mode contains:

Data plane switches use OpenFlow protocol for communication with the controller

An IP address has 32-bits

SDNs provide APIs, which are used to specify and control the data plane in the network devices

In Ethernet CSMA/CD algorithm, after the nth collision, between 0 and 2ⁿ slot time will be selected

Two types of multiple access link protocols include point-to-point and multicast (shared medium)

An arriving host do not necessarily need to associate with an access point

In pure ALOHA, the collision probability increase with no synchronization

VLAN combines switches and routers

Multiple Access Protocols include:

Wireless link is used to connect a mobile device to a base station or wireless acess point

In frequency division multiple access (FDMA), unused transmission time in frequency bands go idle

The star topology prevails today and uses an active link-layer 2 switch at its center

In MPLS routing, the path to destination is determined by the sources and destination addresses

The Fast Re-route (FRR) precomputes backup routes in case of link failure

WLANs do not use CSMA/CA for multiple access

The components of the SDN controller include

OpenFlow messages goes from controller-to-switch

If the transmission aborts, the network interface card enters binary (exponential) backoff

All nodes are in the same collision domain in the _____ topology

In rate adaption, the access point and mobile device dynamically change transmission rate as mobile station moves

The switch self-learns which hosts can be reached through which interfaces

In time division multiple access (TDMA), each station is assigned a fixed frequency band

Which random access protocol has better performance?

Tier-1 switches connect to ~16 Top of Rack switches below

The link layer has what services?

Channel partitioning include:

Provides relay function- responsible for sending packets between wired network and wireless host(s) in its “area”

Cable access network include FDM and TDM but not random access