Nutrition Lecture 24

Gestating sows (limit-fed to control weight gain); Lactating sows (corn, SBM diets w/ 2-4% for additional energy)

At what weight are pigs usually weaned?

Shelter, protection from disease/parasite; Management of pig waste handling

Sexually mature male pig

Limited ability to utilize fat (usually tolerant after feeding 7-10d); gradually ^ levels of SBM in nursery diets

Distiller's dried grains w/ solubles

Male pig castrated after puberty

Fed to pigs 15-25lbs BW; based on grain + SBM (20-24% diet); fish meal, enzyme-tx SBM, less lactose from whey, 1-3% fat

Most pigs are grown + finished in confinement systems; requires higher investment to purchase pigs

Most common; Involves: gestating/lactating sows; early weaned pigs; growing (feeder) pigs; finishing pigs

Advantages: well adapted to producers who have large amounts of grain for feed; requires less labor

lbs of BW gain/1lb of feed consumed

Req: high level of management - well-ventilated building, temp controlled, low tolerance to ^ temp (lack sweat glands)

Breeding stock; meat processing; distribution to consumers; Smithfield, Cargill, Tyson, Hormel

Investments: low for pasture systems; high for confinement systems + facilities; labor, management, + investment varies

Health problems MUST be prevented or carefully tx; farrowing needs to be scheduled -> steady supply of feeder pigs

Start SBM at 16-18% of diet; hypersensitivity reactions to SBM b/c proteins + carbs can be allergenic

Young female pigs approaching breeding age

lbs of feed consumed/1lb of BW gain

Oats, wheat, barley, rye, soybeans

Monogastric animals; genetic progress has driven changes in nutrient requirements for growing and finishing pigs

Pasture-managed; combination pasture + low-cost housing; high investment total confinement (CAFOs)

Perennial + Annual; Stocking rate 4-6 sows/acre; 10-12 growing pigs/acre

Fed to pigs from weaning at 12-15lb BW; weaned pigs easily digest lactose, but limited ability to digest plant proteins

Disadvantages: health problems; variation in market prices

Feeder (growing) pigs raised to market weight; possible to feed pigs on pasture or w/ limited facilities

What term is used for a male pig castrated after puberty?

Average daily gain

Fed to pigs from 25-50lbs BW; based on grain and SBM only, fat at 1-3% fat

Fiber digestibility increases as pig matures, BUT need to utilize forages at early stages of maturity*

Segments of industry: grain, farms - land + buildings owned by farmer, contract w/ companies to grow + finish animals

Nutrient reqs decrease over course of growing-finishing period; match lysine* to energy requirements

Nutrition represents 60-75% of total cost of pork production; phase feeding used on commercial farms; supplemental fats

Vertical integration (1980s) - company owns most or all aspects of production; today more large farms

10-15 lbs (~3 weeks old)

Include spray-dried plasma, fish meal, whey (source of protein + lactose)

Req: high degree of control over feeding operation; stringent disease and parasite control program

Producer has herd of breeding sows; feeder pigs sold to growers or growing/finishing operations; needs less total feed

Niche market, exercise, activity; Rooting behavior, soil erosion, parasites, sunburn for light-skinned animals

A high producing herd is required; Goal is to raise uniform groups of feeder pigs for sale*

Alfalfa, red clover, white clover, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass

Sows can produce 2.5 litters/y; pigs can utilize waste products from human food industry; require careful management

Multiple diets fed to growing/finishing pigs based on feed budgets or weight ranges to closely meet nutrient reqs

Req: high level of mechanization to reduce labor req; high investment in buildings + equipment - very little land

Buy 40-50 lbs + feed to market weight

Most common: 3 or 4 phase diets - match req. most closely; decrease lysine requirements w/ increasing BW

Most common; breeding -> finishing; 270-285 lbs

Nursery pigs; Feeder pigs (growing); Finishing; Gilts (limit-fed to avoid rapid weight gain during gestation)

Utilizes group-housing for growing/finishing pigs + gestation/farrowing crates for sows; example of CAFO

Common use of some specific feed additives in feeder pigs - partitioning agents

40-50 lbs

Pet pigs; purebred - less than 1% of producers, produce foundation stock for commercial production; commercial ops

Male pig castrated before puberty

Phase feeding -> increase BW, decrease lysine; SID = standardized ileal digestible energy

Mature female pig

Energy requirement generally met by corn; have AA requirements rather than specific crude protein requirements