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Duplicate of Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
2
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
3
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
4
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
5
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
6
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
7
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
8
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
9
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
10
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
11
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
William James
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
12
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
13
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
14
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
15
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
touch
balance
16
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
MRI
rTMS
17
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
18
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
latent learning
19
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
20
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
21
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
22
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
23
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
24
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
25
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
26
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
27
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
28
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
29
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
30
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
31
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
32
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
33
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
34
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
35
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
random assignment
36
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
environment
temperament
culture
37
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
38
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
39
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
40
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
41
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
42
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
43
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
44
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
45
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
46
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
47
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
48
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
49
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
50
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
51
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
52
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
53
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
54
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
55
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
56
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
57
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
displacement
58
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
59
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
standard deviation
range
60
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
61
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
62
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
63
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
64
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
65
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
66
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
67
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
68
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
69
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
70
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
50
84
95
71
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
72
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
activation-synthesis
73
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
74
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
75
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
76
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
77
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
normally distributed
modes
78
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
79
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
80
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
81
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
82
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
anal stage
latency period
phallic stage
83
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
84
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
retina
iris
fovea
85
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
86
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
87
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
88
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
89
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
90
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
91
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
92
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
93
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed ratio
fixed variable
variable interval
94
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
95
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
96
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
97
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
98
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
99
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
100
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
101
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
102
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
correlation study
case study
naturalistic observation
103
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
104
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
105
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
106
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
107
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
108
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
109
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
110
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
111
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
112
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
daily activities
113
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
114
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
115
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
116
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
117
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
118
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
119
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
120
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
121
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
122
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
123
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
124
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
125
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
126
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
127
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
128
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
129
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
myelin
terminal button
130
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
131
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
132
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
133
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
134
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
135
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
136
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
137
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
138
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
rods
cones