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Marine Science Semester 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Marine Science Semester 1 Review
Marine Science Semester 1 Review
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Semester review
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1
Which statement is FALSE about water?
It is essential in carrying out many biochemical reactions
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's unique properties
It does not dissolve other substances easily
It is a liquid at room temperature
2
How does the nautilus maintain buoyancy?
Its shell makes it float
It has a gas bladder like fish
Its shell has gas filled chambers
3
The Gulf of Mexico is currently:
increasing in the number of coral reefs
all of the above
under threat due to agricultural runoff
very healthy
4
Sea otters keep warm in the following ways EXCEPT:
thick fur
a layer of trapped air in the fur
consuming an abundant amount of food
lower metabolisms than other marine mammals
5
Which structure makes the mollusk's shell
siphon
mantle
radula
6
A rip current can most easily be spotted by the following clues EXCEPT:
similar color in comparison to the surrounding water
line of foam, seaweed or debris moving out to sea
channel of choppy water
gap in the wave pattern
7
True/False. Shell- making mollusks ADD salt to the ocean.
True
False
8
What is the purpose of molting in arthropods?
to attract a mate
to grow larger
to withstand greater water pressure
to shed parasites
9
Which tide occurs when the sun, moon, and earth are at a 90° angle to each other?
spring tide
mixed tide
neap tide
10
The form of cnidarians that is free-floating instead of attached to the bottom is called the:
polyp
medusa
11
Which is NOT true of estuaries?
Protect coastal environments by reducing erosion & flooding
Are wastelands that serve no purpose
Provide protection to many species of juvenile fish
Are areas of changing salinities due to fresh & salt mixture
12
Which is FALSE about jellyfish stings?
Tentacles should be removed
Rinsing a jellyfish sting with vinegar or saltwater can help
Dead jellyfish washed up on the beach can sting
Rinsing a jellyfish sting with fresh water can help
13
True/False. A sea wall helps reduce beach erosion in the long term.
True
False
14
Which is TRUE about the environment meiofauna are found in?
are not found in deep parts of the ocean
require "in-between" sized sand grains for space + moisture
can be found on beaches above the water in dry zones
live in environments with very fine sand grains
15
A current that runs parallel to shore is called a:
rip current
longshore current
density current
16
Which type of algae secretes a calcium carbonate shell and binds coral colonies together?
green algae
red algae
brown algae
17
The dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by:
excess nutrients (nitrogen/phosphates) washed in by MS river
seasonal hurricanes
the Gulf Stream current
constant bright sunlight in the Gulf
18
Which is NOT true about the gas bladder in seaweed?
allows the algae to absorb more of the sun's energy
contains air
increases buoyancy
transports water & nutrients to other parts
19
What produces most of the Earth's oxygen?
kelp forests
phytoplankton
land forests
zooplankton
20
What happens during the formation of a dead zone?
Algae make more O2 thru photosynthesis than amount used up.
The production of O2 equals amount of O2 that is used up.
When algae die/decompose, they use up more O2
21
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation to cope with wave action?
stinging cells
tube feet
ability to secrete a cement-like substance
muscular foot
22
This type of sea star has its organs spread throughout its body and arms
true sea stars
sea urchins
sea cucumbers
brittle sea stars
23
If sea otters are removed from the kelp forest ecosystem, what happens?
The urchin populations decrease.
The habitat shows little to no change.
The kelp and kelp forest food web collapses.
The kelp growth rate increases.
24
True/False. Eutrophication means an imbalanced ecosystem due to high nutrient levels.
False
True
25
The animals that have a feeding structure called an Aristotle's lantern are called:
sea urchins
sea cucumbers
brittle sea stars
true sea stars
26
Mangrove roots:
cannot be used as a habitat because of their toxic bark
trap sediments & silt that can be polluted, protecting reefs
are entirely underwater & allow it to "breathe" from water
27
These echinoderms can defend themselves by eviscerating some of their internal organs.
brittle sea stars
true sea stars
sea urchins
sea cucumbers
28
The arthropod skeleton is important for the following reasons EXCEPT:
it supports the body
it provides protection from predators
it keeps the animal from drying out
it allows for movement at all regions of the body
29
Why is rising ocean acidity a threat to many types of marine life?
It increases the spread of bacterial diseases
It decreases the amount of sunlight that can pass thru water
It deprives the water of oxygen
It makes it hard for shell making animals to make a shell
30
Manatees are most closely related to:
seals & sea lions
fish
elephants
dolphins & whales
31
These echinoderms can move with spines in addition to tube feet.
sea cucumbers
true sea stars
sea urchins
brittle sea stars
32
Which zone (of the intertidal zone) is the most diverse due to more hospitable conditions?
middle tide zone
low tide zone
spray zone
high tide zone
33
In clams, the siphons are used to:
bring water in & push it out
all of the above
get food & oxygen
34
About how much of the Earth is covered with ocean?
30%
90%
70%
50%
35
Tides are caused by
mostly the sun's pull, with some effect from the moon
mostly the moon's pull, with some effect from the sun
only the moon's gravitational pull
only the sun's gravitational pull
36
More erosion (sand loss) usually happens during what season of the year due to stronger storms?
winter
summer
37
The reason why green, red, & brown algae appear the colors that they do is due to the:
the absence of chlorophyll in green algae
lack of chlorophyll in brown and red algae
other pigments in brown & red algae that mask chlorophyll
38
Sorting of sand means
the color variations
the shape of the grains
how well the grains are separated by size
39
What is the impact of the ocean on Earth's climate?
It prevents heat from moving to other parts of the world.
Without it, Earth's climate would be extreme & not livable.
It doesn't affect Earth's climate.
It makes Earth hotter at the equator & cooler at the poles.
40
True/False. Osmoconformers keep their internal salt levels
different
than the surrounding water
True
False
41
Which is TRUE about the mesoglea in cnidarians?
it is thinner in medusa forms than in polyp forms
it digests food
it is made up of 10% water
it provides support
42
Which is NOT true about pearls?
they form when a grain of sand acts as an irritant
they are made by the radula
they are made by bivalves
43
Seaweed is also known as
macroalgae
microalgae
44
Which of the following would NOT contribute to an algae bloom?
cloudy weather
not as many predators of algae
calm waters
high nutrient levels
45
Which structure is designed to keep an entry point for boats free from sand?
groin
jetty
breakwater
46
What type of sand is made from hard, once-living material?
abiogenic (lithogenic)
biogenic
47
Comb jellies are different from cnidarians because:
they do not have stinging cells
all of the above
they reproduce differently
they move using cilia
48
When do tides occur?
50 minutes later each day
at the same time each day
50 minutes earlier each day
49
True/False: The ocean has little resources to offer humans besides food.
false
true
50
When a wave hits shore, the following happens EXCEPT:
top of the wave goes faster than the bottom of the wave
the wave height increases
the wave speeds up
wavelength shortens
51
True/False. The older the sand is, the sharper the edges get.
False
True
52
Why is the ocean salty?
glaciers melting
rocks from land and sea erode
sodium and chloride react in the water and form salt
seaweed
53
In sea stars, the process of digesting prey includes:
digesting a shelled organism whole, including the shell
one opening for both food and waste
a stomach that can be pushed outside the body to engulf prey
sticky tubes that contain toxins
54
What do all mollusks have in common?
a shell
a soft body
a radula
55
Manatees live in ____ waters due to the fact that they have ______.
both warm & cool; the ability to survive in both climates
warm; little body fat
cool; lots of blubber
56
True/False. Dead jellyfish washed up on the beach are not capable of stinging.
True
False
57
True/False. Evaporation makes water less salty.
True.
False.
58
Water molecules have the tendency to move from places of _______ salt to _______ salt
less; more
more; less
59
What are mangroves?
grasses found in salt marshes
birds that live in estuaries
trees that can survive on the coast in warm saltwater
man-made areas of plant growth on the coast
60
The best way to escape a rip current is to:
swim parallel to shore, then back at a wide angle
swim parallel to shore, then directly back at a 90° angle
swim against the current back to shore
61
True/False. Kelp forests are found in cool waters with plenty of nutrients and sunlight.
False
True
62
Angular or rounded sand is a description of its _______.
color
sorting
size
shape
63
Which is TRUE of box jellyfish?
their venom is not as strong as other jellyfish venom
they have eyes and can distinguish color
they have a highly developed brain
64
What is the correct indication that the vinegar (acid) test tells about sand?
Fizzing = biogenic
Fizzing = abiogenic
65
True/False. The greater the fetch the higher the wave height gets.
True
False
66
The effects of an oil spill on sea otters include the following EXCEPT:
The layer of air is no longer trapped
May be toxic if ingested by the sea otter
Prevents water from penetrating the skin
The otter may freeze to death
67
Which is TRUE about arthropod reproduction?
on hatching, offspring are large enough to avoid predators
parental care is provided to offspring
reproduction is asexual
large numbers of offspring are usually produced at a time
68
Which is NOT true about the cnidocyte?
it contains a barb that sticks into the prey
it pumps venom into prey
it functions in both defense and capturing prey
it digests food
69
The seaweed that forms large floating mats in the mid-Atlantic and provides a habitat is called
giant kelp
sea lettuce
sea palm
sargasso weed
70
What happens to water molecules when it turns from a liquid to a solid (ice)?
the molecules get denser
the molecules get smaller
the molecules are more spread out
the molecules weigh more
71
What does the color of sand BEST indicate?
the original source of the sand
if it has been wind-blown or not
how much wave and wind energy the sand has experienced
how old the sand is
72
True/False. Cnidarians have 2 openings in their digestive tract: one for food & one for waste
True
False
73
Which tide occurs when the sun, moon, and earth are lined up?
neap tide
mixed tide
spring tide
74
The process of cutting up Nomura jellyfish and dumping them back into the ocean:
doesn't actually kill the individuals brought up in nets
is causing their populations to plummet (decrease)
is resulting in more jellyfish than to begin with
is successfully controlling their populations
75
The feeding mode of these echinoderms is only through filter feeding with plant-like arms.
sand dollars
true sea stars
crinoids
brittle sea stars
76
What is a disadvantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?
it provides support
it causes the arthropod to dry out
it leaves the animal vulnerable while the new one hardens
it restricts the # of possible appendages
77
True/False. Coastal power plants help save manatees but interfere w/their migration instincts.
False
True
78
How do you treat a mild Portuguese Man-of-War sting?
cold water
hot water
vinegar
benadryl
79
What can cause a rip current to form?
when a sandbar breaks, or a small trench is formed
when warm water meets cold water
when saltwater meets freshwater
80
True/False. Rip currents pull swimmers under the water.
True
False
81
What is the relationship between meiofauna & the health of beaches?
Meiofauna decrease health of beaches b/c they carry diseases
Healthy beaches tend to have very few meiofauna
Unhealthier beaches have more amounts & types of meiofauna
Meiofauna improve health of beaches b/c they eat bacteria
82
Which of the following are safe to eat during a harmful algae bloom & why?
livers/soft tissues of shrimp/crab; they filter out toxins
clams, mussels, oysters; they don't absorb the poison
meaty muscle parts of shrimp/crab; they don't absorb toxins
83
An important ocean discovery is that shark skin:
has regenerative properties that may be used in humans
serves as a model to slow down bacteria growth on surfaces
contains chemicals used in chemotherapy drugs
can detect bacteria
84
A food web shows:
many predatory interactions among organisms in an ecosystem
distribution of energy & abundance of organisms in ecosystem
one linear predatory path among organisms in an ecosystem
85
A diurnal tide means that the area has a daily tide cycle of:
two equal high tides and two equal low tides
one high tide and one low tide each day
two unequal high tides and two unequal low tides
86
The functions of the water vascular system include the following EXCEPT:
movement
gas exchange
digesting food with enzymes
capturing prey
87
The function of the stipe is to do the following EXCEPT:
provide support
give flexibility in strong storms
transport water and minerals to other parts of the algae
serve as an attachment site for blades
88
Which is true of meiofauna?
Can have adhesives, hooked appendages & claws to grab sand
Reproduction is external with eggs cast out into the ocean
Are organisms that live in the sand, like seashells & crabs
Have soft, sphere-shaped bodies
89
What is the most common source of waves?
movement of ships
wind
underwater landslides
earthquakes
90
When in sea water, what would happen to a fish's cells if it's not able to cope with osmosis?
the cells would swell and burst
the cells would shrink and collapse
the cells would stay the same
91
A high surfing wave that forms due to strong winds blowing a long time over 1000's of miles is:
a rogue wave
a tsunami
a monster breaker
92
What time is it especially NOT good to swim in order to avoid a shark attack?
dusk or dawn
nighttime
daytime
93
True/False. The holdfast performs the same functions as plant roots.
True
False
94
Because of osmosis, organisms have the tendency to ________ when surrounded by seawater.
lose water
lose salt
gain water
gain salt
95
The following are characteristics of arthropods EXCEPT:
jointed legs
internal skeleton
body divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen
segmentation
96
Sand that is 1mm in size is most likely _________ than sand that is 3mm in size.
farther away from its source
closer to its source
97
Bivalves have:
2 shells hinged together
no shell
1 shell
