The climate in a region is

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.

The carrying capacity for a particular species at a particular time is determined by

supply of the most limited resources.

Earth's various organisms appear to be

concentrated in certain biomes.

Erosion is most likely when the soil is

bare and exposed to wind and rain.

Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?

Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.

Many angiosperms depend on

animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds.

The current rate of species extinction is

attributable to the actions of humans.

true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are

involved in the formation of acid precipitation

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Environmental Science Final Review

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Questions 75

Answers

1
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Australia
Kenya
Norway
Germany
2
The climate in a region is
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
never affected by ocean currents.
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
3
Deep currents flow along the
halocline.
ocean floor
ocean surface
thermocline.
4
The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by
lack of clean water.
inadequate medical care.
widespread malnutrition.
rats and other rodents.
5
A model of a dinosaur is an example of a _____ model.
graphical
physical
mathematical
conceptual
6
What is reforestation?
replanting trees in an area
removing selected trees from an area
removing all trees from an area
None of the above
7
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
distribution
risk.
correlation.
skepticism.
8
What can be done to sustain the productivity of rangeland?
Leave the land unused for a time.
Limit herd size.
Eliminate invasive plants.
All of the above
9
Scientists use statistics to
All of the above
communicate ideas to each other
analyze data.
graph data
10
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
All of the above
warmer.
wider.
slower.
11
The carrying capacity for a particular species at a particular time is determined by
number of individuals in the species.
distribution of the population.
supply of the most limited resources.
reproductive potential of the species.
12
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
cost to extract
electrical conductivity
carbon content
value
13
From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
local government only
a bonding company
federal agencies only
state and federal agencies
14
Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
bacteria
fungi
animals
protists
15
Most land animals depend on angiosperms for
All of the above
water.
reproduction.
food.
16
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of
mutualism.
parasitism.
predation.
commensalism.
17
Acid mine drainage
is unregulated in the United States
harms or kills aquatic life.
causes acid rain.
purifies streams
18
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
lakes and ponds
. rivers and streams
littoral zones and benthic zones
marshes and swamps
19
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 7.3
pH 6.0
pH 9.6
pH 4.1
20
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?
increased polar ice mass
increased frequency of major storms
rising sea level
increased frequency of major droughts
21
Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth?
public advertising
economic incentives
limiting education for women
legal punishments
22
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
experimental group.
variable
hypothesis.
control group.
23
Which factor contributed most to the expexponential growth of the human population?
more food, better hygiene
higher birth rates
increased immigration
higher fertility rates
24
Which step are scientists conducting when they photograph birds in flight?
hypothesizing
observing
drawing conclusions
analyzing data
25
Earth's various organisms appear to be
mostly small vertebrates.
concentrated in certain biomes.
evolving at an unprecedented rate
largely known to scientists.
26
The most energy-efficient vehicles available today are
fuel cell cars.
hybrid cars.
cars that use biomass fuel.
cars with gasoline engines
27
Where do most Americans live?
in rural areas
There is an equal distribution of people across the land
in urban areas
on producing farms
28
what percentage of species have become or are expected to become extinct between 1900 and 2100?
25 percent
1 percent
10 percent
60 percent
29
Gangue minerals
are native elements.
are valued for their rarity and durability
are the most difficult to mine.
have no commercial value.
30
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer
All of the above
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals.
31
Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, what step must you take?
All of the above
Explore the consequences of each option
Gather information.
Consider which values apply to the issue
32
Which of the following is not an environmental effect of deforestation?
loss of topsoil
re-establishment of trees
soil erosion
reduction of wildlife habitat
33
Which of the following contributes most to acid precipitation?
burning of fossil fuels
radon and ozone
ethanol
All of the above
34
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
planted to forest.
covered with grass.
plowed along the contour of the land
35
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Both (a) and (b)
Species extinctions been rare in history.
is not a concern because extinctions are common.
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.
36
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
300°C to 400°C
400°C to 500°C
4,000°C to 5,000°C
3,000°C to 4,000°C
37
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
uranium.
electricity.
magnetic fields.
power plants.
38
What are wind and water erosion not likely to affect?
mountains
tides
rocks
soil
39
the number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations
size.
dispersion.
birth rate.
density.
40
Many angiosperms depend on
gymnosperms for reproducing.
other animals in the oceans.
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds.
plants for food.
41
Placer deposits are surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated by
surface mining.
evaporation and condensation
movement of wind and water.
subsurface mining
42
What part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
atmosphere
lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
43
Which of the following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi, and plants?
They are single-celled.
They have cell nuclei.
They usually have cell walls.
They have the ability to make their own food.
44
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
barnacles
zooplankton
phytoplankton
fish
45
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
herbivores
omnivores
All of the above
decomposers
46
Which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
transportation
cooking
heating and cooling buildings
manufacturing
47
The current rate of species extinction is
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival.
slower than at any other time in this century.
attributable to the actions of humans.
. the result of natural environmental processes
48
true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
participants in the chemical reactions that produce ozone.
released when solvents are used in manufacturing.
primarily a byproduct of fuel burning in automobiles.
involved in the formation of acid precipitation
49
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in the Arctic
in deserts
in Europe and the United States
in tropical rain forests
50
An area prone to landslides is an example of
marginal land.
open space.
rural land
rangeland.
51
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
oak forest
coral reef
utility pole
vacant lot
52
Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
frequent thermal inversions
dependence on coal for heating
combustion of ethanol in cars
location in a valley or basin
53
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
leopard seal
killer whale
krill
algae
54
Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to
a combination of high birth rates and low death rates
All of the above
improvements in societal infrastructure and services.
the Industrial revolution
55
Solar energy, or energy from the sun, is contained in
uranium.
all nonrenewable resources.
radioactive waste
fossil fuels.
56
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
pesticides
All of the above
oil spills
sewage
57
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
closed system
unstable system.
stationary system
open system.
58
In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.
eutrophic
plankton
littoral
benthic
59
Light pollution can be decreased by
directing lighting downward.
increasing the number of lights per block on a city street
using incandescent light bulbs.
lighting billboards from below.
60
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
biotic factors
selection factors
unnecessary factors
abiotic factors
61
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
geosphere
62
An example of a population is
all plants in a forest
all animals in a forest.
all maple trees in a forest.
all trees in a forest.
63
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
are always animals and never plants.
immediately kill their hosts.
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators.
64
Which areas of the United States represent ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity?
Hawaiian Islands
coastal California
All of the above
Florida Everglades
65
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
fungi.
All of the above
bacteria.
protists.
66
The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as an area that contains more than
25,000 people
250,000 people
2,500 people.
250 people
67
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Stone Ages
Bronze and Iron Ages
Modern Age
Ice Ages
68
Land where it is possible to grow crops is called
organic land
All of the above
vegetative land.
arable land.
69
The type of hunting that threatens species survival the most is
legal hunting done by sports enthusiasts.
ignored by global conservation groups.
sanctioned by industrialized nations.
especially a problem in less developed nations
70
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
a tick on a cat.
mistletoe on a tree.
a cow in a pasture.
a roundworm in a human’s intestine.
71
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
social sciences
biology and earth sciences
linguistics.
physics and chemistry
72
Which of the following is a side effect of heat islands?
increased precipitation
drought
lower temperatures
lower temperatures and drought
73
The National Farmland Protection Program was designed to
protect farmland from being overtaken
protect farmland from environmental damage from pollution.
protect farmland from being developed.
protect farmland from damage by wild grazing animals
74
Which of the following factors does not help predict future oil production?
changes in technology
cost of obtaining fuels
number of oil deposits discovered
the number of oil refineries operating in the past
75
Which of the following situations best describes the use of a renewable resource?
building wooden furniture
mining copper
filling a car with gasoline
burning coal in a power plant

Environmental Science Final Review Flashcards | StudBud