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Psychology of Physical Activity and Health Flashcards | StudBud
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Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
Psychology of Physical Activity and Health
351 terms
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#Sport Psychology #sport #exercise #motivation
Flashcards
351 cards
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Questions
351
Answers
1
Drive theories
apply concept of homeostasis (state of physiological equilibrium) to behaviour
True
False
2
Fewer fouls will be awarded against the home team because of the noise in the crowd
False
True
3
Which of these are not Competitive stressors?
Preparation (mental, physical, technical, tactical)
Roles of the sport
Self-Presentation and Opponents
Injury & Expectation (internal/external)
4
What does
IZOF
stand for?
Interactive Zones of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zoning of Optimal Functioning
Individual Zones of Openness Functioning
5
Positive statements help with...
Building self-confidence
All of them are correct
Correcting bad habits and Focusing attention
Learning new skills
6
Home Advantage has a strong effect in sports subjectively scored (e.g. gymnastics, diving)
Fasle
True
7
Preparation is when people have taken small steps in order to begin the behaviour
True
False
8
The Ringelmann Effect
suggests individual...
efficiency reduction due to increases in group size
efficiency increase due to increases in group size
9
People’s memory of critical incidents DOES NOT changes over time
True
False
10
Attribution bias
is...
assign causes to people rather than external factors
assign causes to external factors rather than people
11
Amotivation
is when individuals see no change between their actions and the end result
True
False
12
External attentional focus is...
directing attention outward to an object e.g. ball in soccer
looking at one to two things
analysing plays without having to perform
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
13
What are two Dimensions of Personality?
Agreeableness and Engagement
Conscientiousness and Openness
Engagement and Openness
Conscientiousness and Engagement
14
Longitudinal studies link physical activity at middle age to cognitive decline in old age
False
True
15
Motivational-general arousal
is NOT imaging feelings of associated with arousal and stress
True
False
16
In childhood, self-esteem & body image DO NOT correlated with Physical Activity
False
True
17
Thoughts, feelings, anxiety and pain can cause distraction to our Internal Focus
True
False
18
When faced with stressful stimuli, low efficacious individuals tend to give up
False
True
19
Which of the following is not how athletes differ from non-athletes?
Athletes have greater levels of extraversion
Athletes have greater levels of Closeness
Athletes have lower levels of neuroticism
20
Mood involves more durable feeling states
False
True
21
Rope pulling task (2 person= 93% potential; 3 person= 85% potential; 8 person= 49% potential)
True
False
22
What happens to Cognitive and Somatic anxiety leading up to a competition?
Nothing happens both remain the same
Cognitive decreases and Somatic decreases
Cognitive increases and Somatic increases
Cognitive decreases and Somatic increases
23
The 4C Model: Commitment is being extremely committed to achieving one’s goals
False
True
24
Causal Attribution
is
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
25
Which of these are Chronic exercise Mechanism?
Serotonin and norephinephrine
Cerebral structure & Frontal lobe hypothesis
26
Sport performance does not cover which of the following issue?
Aggression and violence
Exercise addiction
Self-confidence
Group dynamics
27
Music is a good source for...
Concentration and Learning
All of them
Mood and arousal regulation
Movement(flow)
28
Self-talk is common among athletes in long-duration sports
True
False
29
Pre-contemplation is no intention to change behaviour
True
False
30
40% of adults are physical inactive worldwide
False
True
31
The Gamblers Fallacy concept claims...
if something happens, it will happen again in the future
None of these are correct
if something happens more, it will happen less in the future
if something doesn't happen, it won't happen in the future
32
Which of these is NOT a reason adults dropout of Physical Activity?
Work
Loss of interest
Need time for other things
Money
33
Attributional style
is...
causes/reasons people give related to themselves or others
refers to typical attributional patterns (trait attribution)
34
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Concentration is ‘lost’ when focus is on irrelevant factors
One thought at a time
Timing to execute the skill
Anxiety causes negative self-evaluation & ‘hyper-vigilance
35
Focusing is looking closely at an external stimulus e.g. watching the ball when catching.
False
True
36
Motivational Climate -
the situational goal structure operating in an achievement context
False
True
37
An emotion is an entity that involves:
Bodily arousal
All of them
A subjective cognitive experience
Characteristic overt expressions
38
Proportion of adults reporting 4 hours or less sitting time per day
True
False
39
What does SMARTs stand for in goal setting?
Specific/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
Skill/Measurable/Action/Realistic,Time/Self-determined
40
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Monitor any effects or progress
Monitor the expectations of the client
Engage, interact and play with them
41
What are the four components in the
Dimensions of Role Ambiguity?
All are components
Role evaluation
Role consequences
Scope of responsibilities and Role behaviours
42
Physical Inactivity
men have lower death rate than women
True
False
43
What are two personality types linked to team success
Conscientiousness and Openness
Agreeableness and Openness
Extraversion and Neuroticism
Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
44
The 4C Model: Confidence strong belief that allows you to overcome negative experiences
False
True
45
Moral Atmosphere
athletes view aggressive acts as inapprop. in general but approp. in sport
False
True
46
Theory of Planned Behaviour
suggests intention is determined largely by one’s...
power, social norms and behavioural control
attitudes, social norms and behavioural control
attitudes, social norms and motivation
47
Positive and negative emotions link to locus of causality. Which of these are CORRECT?
Success>internal attribution>more positive affect
1 and 2 are correct
Success/failure>internal attribution>performance
Failure>internal attribution>more negative affect
48
Which of these are CORRECT about
Mastery climate?
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
49
Which of these are CORRECT regarding
In-game Emotions?
Anger and embarrassment predicted poor performance
Both are correct
Happiness predicted successful performance
50
Mental Practice
– Imaging physical actions enhances both skill acquisition and performance
True
False
51
Action is when people have recently changed their behaviour
True
False
52
The % of Australians that walk/cycle to work is...
4.7%
5%
3.1%
6%
53
What is the equation for
Group Productivity?
Potential Productivity= Actual Productivity - Process Losses
Actual Productivity= Potential Productivity - Process Losses
54
Observation/Performance outcomes/Self-report/Self-evaluation are measurement for concentration
True
False
55
Openness marks those who are open to new experiences from those who like familiar
True
False
56
POMS
does have some utility in predicting performance
True
False
57
Physical activity (PA) and cognitive functioning have shown that improvement in...
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour/academic success
cognitive performance/classroom behaviour
58
Which of these are not in the Five Concentration Principles?
Specific, relevant & under control
One thought at a time
Focus on technique
Intentional mental effort & preparation
59
What are the four 'C' in The 4C Model by Clough, Earle & Sewell (2012)
Commitment, Control, Challenge and Confidence
Confidence, Control, Conscientiousness and Challenge
Commitment, Calm, Consistent and Challenge
Consistent, Challenge, Confidence and Commitment
60
Competitors dressed in red are awarded more points than competitors dressed in blue
No
Yes
61
Conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted objective performance scores over a season
True
False
62
Achievement Goal Theory
is largely concern with how people construe competence
True
False
63
Emotions may have positive or negative consequences depending on the characteristics of task
False
True
64
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (adults)?
Being with friends
Maintain good health
Fitness and Weight control
Tension/stress release
65
Ego goals - success is evaluated in terms of demonstrating competence/superiority over others
True
False
66
What are the two main types of achievement goals?
Task goals and Skill goals
Task goals and Ego goals
67
Social Loafing
states motivational losses occurs because group members tend to rely...
less heavily on other group members as group size increases
more heavily on other group members as group size increases
68
Sedentary is defined as behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤ 1.5 METS
True
False
69
Outcome goals
are...
Results-focused
Long(er) term
Uncontrollable
All of them
70
Narrow attentional focus is...
when you direct attention outward to an object
when you respond to only one or two cues
when you don't respond at all
when you respond to multiple cues
71
If the word "BLUE" is printed in a red colour, you should say "RED" is an example of the...
Stroop Test
Colour Test
None of them
Beep Test
72
Which mood is the highest among these in the Profile of Mood States?
Depression
Anger
Tension
Vigour
73
Which of the following is not a role of sport and exercise psychology?
Consultancy Role
Observe Role
Research Role
Teaching Role
74
Group Productivity:
Team A will be more effective than Team B if it has:
greater resources and approximately equal process losses
greater resources and experiences fewer process losses
All of them
approx. equal resources and experiences fewer process losses
75
Physiological States
is the weakest source of efficacy information
True
False
76
A goal is attaining a specific level of proficiency, or a conscious effort toward a task
True
False
77
Increased arousal/anger result in aggression only when socially learned cues are present
True
False
78
Performance goals
are...
One’s actual performance levels in relation to own standards
Medium term & Influenceable
Both of them relate to performance goals
79
Which of these is true about Mental Toughness and Sport/Exercise?
All is true
Greater levels of optimism and approach-based coping
Increased occurrence of risk-taking behaviour
Lower of burnout rate & Less related to emotional responses
80
Upward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about you did your best
thoughts about how things went good
thoughts about how things could have gone better
81
Process goals
are...
All of them relate to process goals
Controllable
Short term
Task-focused, and refers to execution of skills
82
Researchers should consider two attribution dimensions
Locus of causality-un/stable & Stability- internal/external
Locus of causality-internal/external & Stability-un/stable)
83
Reinvestment hypothesis DOES NOT debilitate performance
False
True
84
Which of these interfere with Confidence?
Poor performance, injury/fitness and poor preparation
Coaching, pressure and expectation
All of them interfere with Confidence
Psychological factors and athlete specific factors
85
Which of these is not a type of of coping (motivational)?
Problem focused
Emotion focused
Avoidance
Skill/technique focused
86
The Primary Effect
claims...
the order of the words do not effect impressions
there's negative impression when favourable words are first
there's positive impression when favourable words are first
87
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Feeling of embarrassment
Need time to rest
Money and Support from significant others
Perceptions of competence and Past experiences in school
88
Which of these are NOT a condition that leads to Choking?
Important competition
Training
Critical plays in a competition
Evaluation by coaches/peers/parents
89
Which of these are NOT a physical factor that leads to Choking?
Racing heart rate
Internal Focus
Increased breathing rate
Increased muscle tension
90
There is a significant interplay between physical and psychological response of stress
False
True
91
Which of these are NOT factors of
Delivery and monitoring?
Ensure to ask the right questions
Constantly attempt to ensure the best possible overlap
Perform, instigate or support the activities
92
Team-serving bias
is attributing post. outcomes to factors within team & neg. outside the team
False
True
93
Neuroticism marks those who are emotional stability from those who are emotionally unstable
True
False
94
‘Correspondence bias’
is when a friend crashes ur car n u blame them, but when u crash...
you blame your parents
you blame the environment
you blame yourself
95
Agreeableness marks those who are compassionate and those who tend to antagonize
False
True
96
Home advantage is not evident in sports objective scored (e.g. tennis)
False
True
97
Which of these are NOT in the Five strategies for controlling Emotions?
Evaluating factors
Personal goals grounded
Creating images (in the mind)
Replacement of negative self-statements w/ positive/neutral
98
The component Situational awareness is ability to understand what is going on around oneself
True
False
99
Reinvestment hypothesis
- previously automatic movements now under conscious control
False
True
100
Participants betted significantly greater amounts of money....
for opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
against opponents that behaved nervously and dressed poorly
101
Intrinsic motivation (IM) is doing something because of the inherent satisfaction it brings
True
False
102
Which of these are NOT a barrier for Physical Activity (Adults)?
No time and need time to rest
Injury
Money
Not the sport type
103
Which of these is not correct about Mental Toughness?
Cope better than your opponents with the many demands
Determined, focused, confident, & in control under pressure
Panic and perform poorly
More consistent and better than your opponents
104
Counterfactual thinking
is...
the psychology of “if only…”
the psychology of “if i…”
the psychology of “i should…”
105
What are the Four components of Concentration?
Selective, Maintaining, Situational awareness and Shifting
Situational awareness, Selective, Shifting and Control
Control, Selective, Shifting and Calm
Maintaining, Shifting, Calm and Selective
106
Which of these are NOT a model of Activity Physical?
Self-efficacy Theory (SET)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
Thoughts of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
107
Which of these are not Organisational stressors?
Factors intrinsic to the sport & Roles of the sport
Expectations and opponents
Relationships & Organisational structure
Career and performance development issues
108
What does the acronym ‘TARGET’ stand for?
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Effort/Time
Task/Authority/Record/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
Task/Authority/Recognition/ Grouping/Evaluation/Time
109
Early research focused on four attributions. What are the four?
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
Attention, Effort, Task difficulty and Skill
Ability, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck
Attention, Engagement, Task difficulty and Skill
110
What are the two components of Appraisal (cognitive)?
Primary and Knowledge
Closeness and Openness
Primary and secondary appraisal
Control and balance
111
Social Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
112
What was the first sport psychology study on and by who?
Self-confidence in performance (1900) & by Howard Dobie
Motivation (1895) & by Patrick Smiths
Social facilitation (1898) & by Norman Triplett
Anxiety in sport ( 1899) & by James Kerr
113
Men vs. Women: Which of the following is incorrect?
Women have lower neuroticism than men
Women have higher agreeableness than men
Women have higher extraversion than men
Women have higher conscientiousness than men
114
The component Shifting attentional focus
is about
changing concentration
when necessary
False
True
115
Which perspective relates to Imagery?
External: looking at an actor/ourselves as a spectator
Internal: within ourselves
Both are perspective relating to Imagery
116
What is Coleman Robert Griffith known for? 2 answers
Coaching (1926) & Athletics (1928)
Sport Psychology at Harvard University
Sport psychologist for the Chicago Cubs
Exercise Psychology at Harvard University
117
Conscientiousness marks those who are punctual/organised from those who are lazy/careless
False
True
118
Opponent's body language can determine whether we're confident in our ability to beat others
Fasle
True
119
Mastery Experiences
- past performance strongest source of Self-Efficacy
False
True
120
External focus is more effective for performance and learning
False
True
121
At age 17-18, genetic influences start to appear (36%), and environment decreases (47%).
True
False
122
If
Dominant Response
is not present, social facilitation effects will not occur (perform. drop)
False
True
123
Self-Confidence
is one's judgements of their capabilities to organise and execute performance
False
True
124
Self-talk is more effective in tasks involving fine, compared with gross, motor demands
False
True
125
Interventions such as MTT and PST are known to increase Mental Toughness?
True
False
126
What are the three types of Goals?
Outcome, Performance and Process
Short term, Outcome and Process
Performance, Effect and Process
127
Which components are included in the
The Standard Model?
Critical psychological & behavioural state
All these factors are included
Performance outcomes
Location & location factors
128
Cognitive and somatic anxiety relate to performance differently
True
False
129
Facial expressions for blind and sighted athletes were indistinguishable
False
True
130
What's the difference between Cognitive and Somatic anxiety?
Cognitive goes up diagonally (right)/Somatic is a bell curve
Cognitive goes up diagonally (left)/Somatic is a bell curve
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (right)
Cognitive is a bell curve/Somatic goes up diagonally (left)
131
The component Maintaining attentional focus is about maintaining concentration over time
False
True
132
What are the four dimensions of
GEQ?
Attraction – Task and Social & Integration – Task and Social
Integration – Task and Social & Engagement – Task and Social
133
Strategies to enhance Mastery experiences are…
Achieving goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
Setting goals, Mental rehearsal and Performance logs
Achieving goals, mental rehearsal and Training schedules
Achieving goals, Mastery rehearsal and Performance logs
134
Intrinsic Motivation to know
is satisfaction in learning new things. Are they any more type?
IM to accomplish- joy to improve on already learned skills
1 and 3
IM to experience stimulation- enjoy physical activity itself
IM to feel - being in the zone and be satisfied
135
Broad attentional focus is...
paying focus inward to thought and feelings
focusing to multiple things at a given time
Directs attention outward to an object
Respond to only one or two cues
136
Coach-athlete relationship, training environment and dairies are strategies for Mental Tough.
True
False
137
Hypnosis
is successful in building self-efficacy in athletes
False
True
138
Positive self-talk is a great strategy to enhance Verbal Persuasion
False
True
139
Choosing an Intervention
is based on Case formulation and which 2 other factors?
Evidence-based practice and Professional judgement
Education-based practice and Professional judgement
140
Psychologists often use the term ‘self-efficacy’ to describe ‘self-confidence’.
False
True
141
Physical inactivity is estimated to cost the Australian a total of $10 billion each year
True
False
142
Red DOES NOT signals dominance and aggression
True
False
143
Motivational-general mastery
is imaging being confident and mastering challenging situations
True
False
144
Exercise dependence
- a crave for physical activity, resultin in uncontrollable excess. exercise
False
True
145
China, France, Germany & Holland have highest % of people who walk/cycle to work. What are da %
China (46.1), France (34.9), Germany (32) & Holland (37.9)
China (49.1), France (34.9), Germany (30) & Holland (37.9)
China (32), France (34.9), Germany (46.1) & Holland (37.9)
146
Changing cognitive & behavioural efforts to manage the specific internal or external demands is
Openness
Coping
Challenge
Mental Toughness
147
A sixth stage - termination - was later added to account for relapse out of the new behaviour
False
True
148
Negative instructions from a coach like don’t drop the ball can cause Hyperaccessibility
True
False
149
Task goals - success is evaluated in terms of personal improvement/task mastery
False
True
150
Is ‘personality similarity’ linked to team success?
False
True
151
Which of these are NOT in the three needs of the
Self-Determination Theory?
Engagement - interacting with peers
Autonomy - Feeling free to choose one’s own behaviour
Relatedness - Feeling connected to significant others
Competence - Interacting effectively with the environment
152
Affect...
All of them are related to Affect
emotions are together to reflect positive & negative affect
is often used synonymously with “emotion”
is subjective feeling that can be pleasant or unpleasant
153
Priming
is memory
effect
in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a later stimu.
False
True
154
In women with depression, exercise increased the odds of resolving depression by 54%
True
False
155
Termination is the 5th stage in the Transtheoretical model
True
False
156
Extraversion marks those who are quiet and passive from those who outgoing and active
False
True
157
Referees are more likely to make a decision (foul) if the team has a bad reputation
True
False
158
Personality is individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking, & behaving
False
True
159
MTT stands for...
Mental Toughness Team
Mental Toughness Training
Mental Toughness Trial
Mental Toughness Teaching
160
What does one's inability to cope with stressors do to them?
All of them
Increased injury and burnout
Increase withdrawal/cessation of career
Decreased performance and satisfaction
161
Social loafing
can also occur from incorrect judgements about how labour(work) is divided
False
True
162
An organised psycho-physiological reaction to ongoing relationships with the environment is...
Secondary appraisal
Emotional focused
Emotions (Relational)
Problem focused
163
Behaviour that challenges the norms & expectations of the group is often referred to as...
Deviant
Defective
164
What does
POMS
stand for?
Pictures of Mood States
Profile of Mode States
Profile of Mood States
Profile of Mood Statistics
165
Pre-Performance Routines
is sequences of actions which assists with play e.g. NRL goal kickers
False
True
166
Attribution theory
is the theory and research on the psychology of explanation
True
False
167
Does the order of gymnasts in team competition influence the individual performance scores?
True
False
168
Which of these are NOT a motivation for Physical Activity (Children and adolescents)?
Fun/enjoyment and being with friends
Weight control
Success in competition (winning)
169
Collective efficacy is when a group conjoint capabilities to organise & execute the action
True
False
170
Which of these are CORRECT about Decision Making?
The consequences of the judgement
Both are correct
Involve choosing among alternatives and consequences
171
Reduced flexibility, narrow and internal focus are attentional changes that cause Choking
False
True
172
Explicit monitoring is overthinking of movement and skill execution which leads to Choking
True
False
173
Exercise addiction
is a disorder characterised by regular and excessive physical activity
False
True
174
The 4C Model: Control your ability to control the environment after unsuccessful performances
True
False
175
Motivation is...
not an entity (like emotion) but a process
an entity (like emotion) but not a process
176
What are the four types of
Extrinsic Motivation?
Environment, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
External, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
Experience, Introjected, Identified & Integrated regulation
177
Which of these are a type
of
Aggression?
Assertiveness- playing hard with no intention to harm
All of them are types of aggression
Instrumental- occurs in the quest of non-aggressive goal
Hostile- cause injury psychological harm
178
Anxiety is NOT the most frequently investigated emotion in sport
False
True
179
The 4C Model: Challenge is viewing failure as a challenge and a mechanism for improvement
True
False
180
The component selective attention is about selecting what cues to attend to and disregard
True
False
181
After age 18, genes largely explain sport participation (85%). Environment no longer contribute
False
True
182
Trigger words
are words that reminds athletes what to focus on in a given situation
True
False
183
PST stands for...
Physical Skill Training
Private Skill Training
Psychological Skill Training
Personal Skill Training
184
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of the moon and sun
The scientific study of plants and animals
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
The scientific study of why and how people die
185
POMS
scores accounted for less than 1% of the variance in performance
True
False
186
Which features make a good Case Formulation?
Contribute to scientific discourse and Increases adherence
All of them
Checked/revised and Facilitate reflection/improvement
Makes us more accountable and Guide ongoing data collection
187
Personality changes over the lifespan
False
True
188
Suppression of emotions may cause people to perform worse on cognitive tasks
False
True
189
Cognitive functioning is best defined as:
cognitive skills of concentration and attention
intelligence, the ability to reason quickly and abstractly
Both of them
190
Which of these are INCORRECT?
Australian use of anti-depressants doubled
Australian use of anti-depressants tripled
89 out of every 1000 people use antidepressants
191
Lowering self-confidence slightly can increase performance
True
False
192
Cognitive-general
is
imaging game plans, successful strategies, routines
False
True
193
Imagery...
is the ability to create or recreate experiences in the mind
enhances motor control/regulates emotions/fuels motivation
All are true about Imagery
is not only ‘seeing’ the action, but also focusing on sounds
194
Climate has a powerful effect on behaviour. Which of these are CORRECT?
Greater levels of effort and enjoyment in mastery
Lower levels of effort/enjoyment/satisfaction in performance
Both are correct
195
fMRI Studies (adults)
fit adults had greater hippocampal volume and better memory performance
False
True
196
Internal attentional focus is...
broadly looking at more than one things
responding to only one or two cues
directing attention inward to thought and feelings
directing attention outward to an object
197
Change hypothesis is...
people take part in activities that suit their personality
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
198
Social/physical environment can have an indirect effect on PA thru motivation and self-efficacy
False
True
199
Verbal persuasion & social support Increases self-efficacy and physical activity
True
False
200
Which of these are CORRECT about home advantage in individual sports?
Evident in objectively scored (e.g., tennis)
Evident in both subjectively judged and objectively scored
Evident in subjectively /not evident in objectively
Not evident in subjectively judged (e.g. gymnastics)
201
Vigour in POMS is associated with good performance
True
False
202
Analysis is using information gathered to make a decision e.g. whom to pass to
False
True
203
The more we try to suppress or block a thought, the more we think about that thought is...
Hyperaccessibility’
Attentional Focus
Backwards Thinking
Concentration
204
Self-efficacy relates to both the adoption and maintenance of physical activity.
True
False
205
Maintenance is when the behaviour is integral to their lifestyle
False
True
206
With audience – extraverts outperforms introverts
True
False
207
Short-term success: single game success cannot be predicted by personality scores
True
False
208
At ages 13 and 16 environmental largely explain sport participation(78-84%) rather than genes
True
False
209
Secondary appraisal is evaluating certain factors and deciding how you're going to respond
False
True
210
Self-Determination Theory
is a theory of motivation concerned with reward structures
True
False
211
Which of these are Acute exercise Mechanism?
Frontal lobe hypothesis and Cerebral structure
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) & Serotonin and norephinephrine
212
What is the order of the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Vigour, anger, tension, depression, fatigue and confusion
Confusion, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and Tension
Tension, anger, depression, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
213
Instructional self-talk is NOT more effective in fine task than motivational self-talk
False
True
214
Instinct Theory
- organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive
False
True
215
Emotion DO NOT have a core-relational theme e.g. Anxiety “facing uncertain/existential threat
True
False
216
Self-modelling is personal performances on video with unsuccessful performances edited out
False
True
217
Motivational Climate can be task-involving (i.e, a mastery climate) or ...
ego-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
effort-involving (i.e, a performance climate)
218
Strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences are...
Observations of others
Mental rehearsal
Both are strategies to enhance Vicarious experiences
219
In adolescence there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and ...
Ethnicity and BMI
Subjective (social) norms and Neighbourhood
Perceived competence
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
220
Anxiety
- Positive relationship found for elite athletes, negative for non-elite athletes
False
True
221
Beneficial effects of external focus have been shown in soccer/basketball/darts and more sports
False
True
222
Rehearsal is visualising a specific technique or focusing on specific internal sensations
False
True
223
Personality predicts athletic behaviour (coping strategies used in competition)
False
True
224
In adults which of these DO NOT moderately correlate with PhysicaL Activity
Enjoyment o Expected benefits o
Positive mood and Income, education (socioeconomic factors)
Sex and Age
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
225
Self-talk is NOT more effective when learning a new skill compared with refining an skill
False
True
226
Vicarious Experiences
– watching others perform can build confidence in own abilities
True
False
227
Specifying Performance Goal
is having clear idea & the specific actions required to achieve it
True
False
228
Downward counterfactuals
is...
thoughts about how things could have been worse
thoughts about how things went good
thoughts about how things could have gone better
229
Self-serving bias
is attributing positive and negative events to...
your own = positive and external factors = negative
your own = negative and external factors = positive
230
Changes in cerebral blood flow & brain structure explain
the connection between exercise and motivation
the connection between exercise and cognitive functioning
231
Secondary appraisal
concerns coping options
Fasle
True
232
Verbal Persuasion
- support from coaches predicts self-efficacy levels in team/individual sport
False
True
233
Anxiety DOES NOT disrupts attention
True
False
234
Which of these is NOT a reason children/adolescence dropout of Physical Activity?
Need time for other things
Money and Support from significant others
Feelings of embarrassment
Perceptions of competence
235
Adult personality change over...
8 years
it doesn't change
5 years
7 years
236
Motivational-specific
is NOT imaging individual goals (e.g. winning a medal)
True
False
237
Which of these are INCORRECT about
Evolutionary theories?
Motivates of humans (species) is a product of evolution
Tied to incentives
Both of them are correct
238
Interventions incorporating self-efficacy are most effective
True
False
239
Was Profile of Mood States (
POMS
) developed for clinical populations?
No
Yes
240
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% below ideal is considered “too small”
False
True
241
Injury, errors, performance, fitness, training, opponent and competition are common stressors
True
False
242
What does a psychologist do in the Teaching Role?
Provide athletes with 1 on 1 coaching
Develop a sport psychology program
Educate why athletes should take longer holidays
Deliver courses and develop awareness of sport psychology
243
Which of these is NOT one of the reasons why exercise has a great effect on depression?
All are reasons why exercise is great for depression
the serotonin hypothesis & changes in cortisol regulation
Social interaction & Increases in self-esteem through task
Endorphin (increase in plasma endorphins after exercise)
244
Perceptions of anxiety DOES NOT differ between high and low athletes
False
True
245
The concept when teams stick together in pursuit of its goal and/or satisfaction
Team Cohesion
Team Togetherness
Team Bonding
246
In childhood there is a strong correlation with Physical Activity and ...
Age
Sex
Both
247
What does a psychologist do in the Consultancy Role?
Develop a workout plan for their patient
Has a private practice
Have lunch with their patient
Develop eating plans for their patient
248
Slightly overestimating one's ability has the most positive effect on performance
False
True
249
Cognitive and Somatic anxiety DO NOT change during the lead-up to competition
False
True
250
Team Cohesion in
Carron et al.’s (!985) Multidimensional Framework
is...
degree to which a team like each other and enjoy one another
degree to which a group work together to achieve their goals
251
Primary appraisal
is concerned with the relevance of a stimulus to a person’s well being
True
False
252
Using specific words can alter people memory of events
False
True
253
Anger and tension in
POMS
facilitative in some studies, debilitative in other studies
False
True
254
Proxy efficacy is one’s confidence of a third party to function effectively on one’s behalf
True
False
255
In Childhood there is moderate correlation with Physical Activity and...
Attitudes toward physical activity
Parental physical activity
All of them moderately correlate with Physical Activity
BMI and Ethnicity
256
Which of these are not a psychological response of stress?
Negative images
Muscle tension
Worry, apprehension
Negative cognitions
257
Which of the following is not true about Concentration?
One of the most important Psychological skills in sport
Ignoring irrelevant information
ability to focus mental effort on what is most important
Regarded as separate to attention
258
What does a psychologist do in the Research Role?
To assess and guide individuals
Develop theories and to better understand psychology
To perform private practice
To deliver courses
259
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance are components of...
Transtheoretical Model
Mental Toughness Model
Concentration Model
Self-Efficacy Model
260
In adults subjective (social) norm and Neighbourhood DO NOT correlate with Physical Activity
True
False
261
The Profile of Mood States is the most highly predictive measure of athletic success
True
False
262
Which of these are CORRECT?
Depression/anxiety cost the global economy $1 trillion E/Y
All of them are correct
Mental disorders: 30% of the global non-fatal disease burden
Close to 10% of the world’s population is affected,
263
Mood does not involve relationships with a particular object
True
False
264
If
Dominant Response
is present, social facilitation effects will occur (performance increase)
True
False
265
Environment factors, weather, noise and competitors can cause distraction to our External Focus
True
False
266
Emotions occur when da individual appraises encounters with the environment -positive/negative
False
True
267
Gravitation hypothesis is...
people take part in activities that suit their personality
partaking in activity that helps develop certain personality
268
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of Low Mental Toughness would be...
Focused on summit & Focused on own goals
Emotional decision making
Now or never and Dwell on failure
All is true
269
Strategies to enhance Physiological States are…
Self-talk
All are strategies to enhance Physiological States
Cognitive restructuring
Reframing
270
Physical activity can also influence SE by acting as a source of efficacy information
True
False
271
What are the two Attribution type?
Control attribution and Attributional style
Causal attribution and Attributional style
Control attribution and Attention style
272
Which of these are CORRECT about
Performance climate?
coach emphasis on winning and public evaluation
coach emphasis effort/personal improvement/skill development
273
Who was the founding father of Sport Psychology?
Howard Dobie
Norman Triplett
Patrick James
Coleman Robert Griffith
274
Personality measures in youth predict progression to professional sport
To a certain extent
Disagree
Agree
275
'Physical activity for health' does not cover which of the following issue?
Exercise as medical treatment for clinical disorders
Correlates of physical activity
Motivation
Applied technique
276
Low agreeableness best is the predictor of exercise addiction
False
True
277
Group Roles:
What are the four Categories of roles?
Formal vs Informal roles & Task vs. Social roles
Formation vs Information roles & Task vs. Social roles
278
Higher-fit children showed greater...
superior relational memory task performance
both
bilateral hippocampal volumes
279
Judgment is a set of evaluative and inferential processes that people have at their disposal
True
False
280
Sport Psychology
is the study and application of psychological principles of human performance
True
False
281
Distraction theories claims task-irrelevant thoughts and worries can cause Choking
False
True
282
Team norms positively correlated with team cohesion & negatively correlated with social loafing
True
False
283
Which of these are the four components of the Self-Efficacy Theory?
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physical States
Master, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Mastery, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
Control, Vicarious, Verbal Persuasion & Physiological States
284
Which of these are CORRECT concerning Self-serving bias?
Both are correct
Positive events = Internal attributions for success
Negative events = external attribution for failure
285
Higher rates of SE have been correlated with more physical activity
False
True
286
How many Imagery types are there?
7
4
5
3
287
What are three Dimensions of Personality?
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Closeness
Agreeableness, Openness, Excitement
Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness
Neuroticism, Openness, Speechless
288
The number of people suffering from depression and/or anxiety increased by...
40%, from 416 million to 615 million
47%, , from 416 million to 615 million
nearly 50%, from 416 million to 615 million
289
Which of these are NOT a performance impairment that leads to Choking
Muscle tightness and fatigue
Rushing and inability to attend to task-relevant cues
Timing and coordination breakdown
Communication with team members
290
Attribution Retraining
is verbally persuading a...
person that a certain cause was responsible for the outcome
strategy was the certain cause for the outcome
291
Individual, interpersonal, environment, regional/national policy & Global are included in the…
Adapted Ecological Model
Activity Ecological Model
Adapted Emotion Model
292
Which of these are INCORRECT about Clinical Anxiety Disorder?
Women are affected more than men (roughly 60% women)
14% of adult Australians are affected by an anxiety disorder
Roughly 35% of women are receiving treatment
293
Which of these are CORRECT about Team Attributions (
TA
) and Team-referent Attributions (
TRB
)?
TA= The aggregated attributions of team members
Both of them are correct
TRB= Individual’s view of the causes of group performance•
294
Without audience – no difference between the performance of introverts and extraverts
False
True
295
Which of these are not a physical response of stress?
Increased heart rate
Increased calmness
Muscle tension
Increasing breathing rate
296
Intrasender is conflict from expectations by one member e.g. coach. Is there more?
All of them are conflicts
Person-role- Role are conflict w/ individuals motives/values
Interrole conflict- expectations from two or more role sets
Intersender- expectations from 2 individuals e.g. coaches)
297
Both External & Introjected regulation are considered to be controlling or low self-determined
True
False
298
What does greater social support do?
Increases levels of confidence
Lower levels of stress and better performance
All of them
Allows for less task-irrelevant thoughts
299
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater happiness and anxiety linked to poor concentration
True
False
300
Egocentric (intragroup) bias
one's view of contributing to successes than to group failures
False
True
301
Psychological Skills Training
is...
Systematic n consistent prac. of mental/psychological skills
achieving greater sport/physical activity self-satisfaction
All of them
enhancing performance and increasing enjoyment
302
Aggression
is any form of behaviour towards harming or injuring another living being
It is physical and verbal form of behaviour
True
False
303
Studies have shown “The ‘hot hand’ phenomenon probably does not exist
No
Yes
304
Primary Appraisal is how the event or interaction will affect you personally
False
True
305
Group Status:
factors achieved by the person held the greatest importance for status
False
True
306
Chronic exercise of medium intensity shows the largest effect sizes
True
False
307
Theory of Planned Behaviour
contends that behaviour is determined by...
one’s intention to perform that behaviour
other's intention to perform that behaviour
308
High efficacious individuals tend to seek out new challenges
True
False
309
Agreeableness is not important for individual success
True
False
310
Emotions...
All of them are related to emotions
involves cognitive appraisal and distinctive physiological
are of limited duration and serve adaptive functions
involves neurological patterns, and subjective feeling
311
Which of these are INCORRECT about Physical Inactivity:
Eliminating PH would increase life expectancy by 0.68 years
10% breast/colon cancer, 7% coronary heart /type 2 diabetes
3 Million deaths per year worldwide
312
What are three major areas that require philosophical assumptions?
How do you understand and influence...
How do you best change what you are trying to change
All of them are areas that require philosophical assumptions
The purpose of sport psychology
313
Specifying performance goal, pre-performance routines, trigger words and mental practice are...
techniques for Training
techniques for Learning
techniques for Performing
techniques for Concentration
314
What is the Ideal Group Size for Basketball(
BB
)/Volleyball(
VB
)/Soccer
(S
)/Hockey(
H
)?
BB=10.1, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=18.3
BB=11.9, VB=9.8 S=16.3 H=16.1
315
Ideal Group Size:
Approximately 25% above ideal is considered “too large”
False
True
316
Attributions fall into two broad categories, what are they?
Within the person (internal) & the environment (external)
Within the person (primary) & the environment (secondary)
317
physical activity (at least twice a week) was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD
True
False
318
Moods defines attributes such as facial expressions, and specific patterns are absent
False
True
319
Approach coping, calm/in control, focused on task and accepted situation are features of...
Medium Mental Toughness
High Mental Toughness
Not related to Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
320
Which of these is INCORRECT about Lane & Terry’s (2009) Conceptual Model?
Derived from POMS and includes calmness and happiness
Removed confusion and fatigue & Yet to be critical evaluated
All of them are correct
Moods states interact w/ depression to influence performance
321
Avoidance coping, in shock/”a daze”, focused on magnitude and emotional are features of...
Not related to Mental Toughness
Medium Mental Toughness
High Mental Toughness
Low Mental Toughness
322
Sport performers DO NOT fixate on threatening information in the environment when worrying
False
True
323
Reinvestment hypothesis argue anxiety causes an internal focus of attention
False
True
324
What does
GEQ
stand for?
Group Environment Quest
Group Environment Questionnaire
Group Entertainment Questionnaire
Gaming Environment Questionnaire
325
What are the 6 moods in the Profile of Mood States?
Tension, depression, anxiety, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Excited, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion
Tension, depression, anger, sad, fatigue and confusion
326
What is the correct order for these 3 coping elements?
Emotion then Appraisal then Coping
Appraisal then Coping then Emotion
Coping then Emotion then Appraisal
Appraisal then Emotion then Coping
327
Social Learning Theory
explains aggression as behaviour people learn through observing others
True
False
328
IZOF
is somewhat successful in predicting performance, but difficult to test
True
False
329
Mental Toughness w/ experience is positive but MT w/ inexperience, that’s a recipe for disaster
True
False
330
Contemplation is when people intend to start the behaviour in the near future
False
True
331
Scanning is searching the environment looking for relevant cue
True
False
332
Cognitive dissonance
is experienced by a person who says sumthin n goes against what they said
False
True
333
What is the difference between sport psychology and exercise psychology?
Exercise and sport psychology deal with the same areas
Exercise looks at principles in a competitive sport setting
Sport= competitive setting/exercise= non-performance setting
Sport looks at principles in a non-performance setting
334
What are the Four types of Attention?
Broad, Narrow, External and Close
Broad, Narrow, Internal and External
Narrow, Internal, External and Near
Broad, Internal, Wide and Near
335
Mood DOES NOT define attributes such as facial expressions
True
False
336
Cognitive-specific
is imaging specific sport skills
True
False
337
Which of these are INCORRECT about the
Incentive theories?
Sources of motivation lies outside the organism
how external stimuli pull people in certain directions
All of them are correct
values environmental influences/ downplay biological influ.
338
Immense stressors that professional athletes face are...
All of them are immense stressors
Training schedules, injuries,
Poor performance, being dropped
Moving cities, weather, referees
339
Which one is NOT included in the
Psychological structure of the group?
Role - expectation of an individual in a specific position
Status - the amount of prestige or importance possessed
Norm - expectation for the behaviour considered appropriate
Size - expectation of the ideal size number
340
Out of these two, which one is in the Five strategies of controlling Emotions?
Reinterpreting a stimulus
Relaxation techniques
Both of them are strategies to use
341
The “hot hand” phenomenon claims...
Less change of successful shot if u r success previous
Greater chance of successful shot if u r successful previous
Less change of unsuccessful shot if u r successful previous
342
Coaching efficacy
- confidence a coach has in their ability to effectively coach their athletes
False
True
343
SE can be a strong predictor of physical activity in long-term maintenance
True
False
344
Do Athlete differ from non-athlete?
True
False
345
What does the acronym
ATAM
stand for?
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attribution Theory of Achievement Motivation
The Attention Theory of Achievement Movement
The Attention Theory of Achievement Motivation
346
In adults self-efficacy and Health status have strong correlation with Physical Activity
It hasn't been proven
No
Yes
347
Mental Toughness and Decision Making: features of High Mental Toughness would be...
All is true
Sacrifices for others and sees bigger picture
Focused on safe return and Reframe failure
Rational decision making
348
Pre-game Emotions
- Greater excitement DOES NOT linked with greater concentration
True
False
349
The Dangers of Mental Toughness are...
Selective attention to justify decisions
Avoid doctors and persist too long/endanger self and others
All are dangers of Mental Toughness
Over-competitive/not knowing when to give up
350
Clinical, or major depression is the world’s No. 1 mental disorder. Which of these is also true
the 4th most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 3rd most disabling condition behind heart disease
the 2nd most disabling condition behind heart disease
351
Confusion, fatigue and depression in
POMS
are NOT associated with poor performance
True
False
