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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
2
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
3
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
4
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
5
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
6
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
7
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
stepping
Moro
8
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
9
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
10
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
environment
temperament
family
11
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
12
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
13
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
14
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
15
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
16
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
conservation
object permanence
universal ethical principles
17
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
18
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
19
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
20
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
21
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
test-retest reliability
construct validity
22
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
23
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
24
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
25
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
26
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
27
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
leading questions
28
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
29
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
30
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
31
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
32
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
33
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
archetypes
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
34
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
anixety
35
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
36
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
cornea
optic nerve
37
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
38
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
39
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
40
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
41
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
42
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
autism
Parkinson's disease
43
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
44
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
outliers
modes
45
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
46
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
47
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
48
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
49
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
50
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
51
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
52
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
53
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
54
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
55
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
56
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
linear perspective
57
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
58
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
59
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
evolutionary
60
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
61
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
50
95
68
62
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
planning for the future
63
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
64
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
pons
65
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
66
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
triarchic
achievement
projective
67
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
68
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
69
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
70
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
sublimation
reaction formation
71
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
72
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
73
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
74
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
75
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
76
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
77
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
78
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
79
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
80
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
81
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
82
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
83
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
84
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
85
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
86
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
87
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
88
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
89
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
90
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
91
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
92
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
93
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
94
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
range
median
standard deviation
95
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
optic nerve
96
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
97
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
98
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
99
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
100
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
101
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
102
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
103
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
104
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
continuous
primary
105
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
social
dispositional
106
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
107
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
108
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
latency period
phallic stage
oral stage
109
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
110
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
111
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
112
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
113
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
touch
balance
114
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
115
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
116
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
mean
range
standard deviation
117
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
118
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
119
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
120
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
121
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
122
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
123
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
EQ test
aptitude test
124
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
125
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
126
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
127
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
128
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
129
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
130
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
hearing
smell
touch
131
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
132
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
133
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
134
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
remove : punish
135
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
136
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
137
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
138
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
139
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
motor development
assimilation
140
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
141
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
internal
external
fundamental
142
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
143
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
144
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
145
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
146
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
147
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
148
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
149
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
150
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
151
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
152
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
153
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
L-Dopa
154
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
155
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
rTMS
MRI
156
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
trait
157
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
158
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
159
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
negative reinforcement
160
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
161
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
162
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
163
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective