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Euro Prexies - CHs 7/8 - Old Regime/Transatlantic Economy Flashcards | StudBud
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Euro Prexies - CHs 7/8 - Old Regime/Transatlantic Economy
Euro Prexies - CHs 7/8 - Old Regime/Transatlantic Economy
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1
A
peninsulare
was a person ________.
born in the New World
who owns land in the New World
born in Spain
who owns land in Spain
2
The change that rationalized the use of land and created higher productivity was the ________.
bread riots
Agricultural Revolution
enclosure laws
commercial revolution
3
Until the late eighteenth century, European Jews who did not convert to Christianity _____.
were accepted as equals by Christians
enjoyed a good standard of living as a group
were among the most powerful social groups
were discriminated against
4
Between 1700 & 1800, Europe’s population rose from 100–120 million people to ___million people.
almost 310
almost 520
almost 190
almost 150
5
The idea that luxury would not lead to moral decay was supported by ________.
Robert Jacques Turgot
Josiah Wedgwood
Emelyan Pugachev
David Hume
6
French nobles were responsible for payment of
vingtième
, which resembles what modern-day tax?
municipal tax
income tax
sales tax
property tax
7
The____ allowed a more certain food supply & enabled more kids to survive to adulthood.
corn
squash
wheat
potato
8
Defensive alliance preventing the entry of foreign troops into the German states was the ______
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Convention of Westminster
Treaty of Paris of 1763
Treaty of Hubertusburg
9
In 18th Europe, the nobility consisted of approximately ________ of the population.
10-15%
5-10%
1-5%
15-20%
10
The Dutch exemplified which of these responses to population growth?
monetary incentives for small families
birth control
establishing overseas colonies
increasing agricultural productivity
11
Robert Andrews and His Wife
illustrates what traditional linkage of the Old Regime?
the nobility and servile labor
inherited privilege and an urban lifestyle
land and nobility
commerce and the middle class
12
What event probably marks the start of the age of the ghetto?
the Agricultural Revolution
the Industrial Revolution
the expulsion of the Jews from Spain
the Habsburg wars
13
Who was permitted to hunt for game according to traditional ways of the Old Regime?
military officers
landowners
clergymen
peasants
14
In the 1700s, being a servant was generally _________.
close to slavery
a necessary condition of social inferiority
a temporary condition
for life
15
Between 1600 and 1750, the cities that grew most vigorously were ________.
military forts and capitals
capitals and ports
industrial cities and ecclesiastical cities
ports and cities bordering the national line
16
French nobles were divided between nobles “of the sword” and nobles “of the ________.”
crown
blood
robe
church
17
Women were particularly vulnerable to disease and death resulting from ________.
smallpox
puerperal fever
typhoid
meningitis
18
In which of these would you be most likely to encounter small, nuclear households?
Poland
the Netherlands
Russia
Italy
19
Which analogy makes an accurate connection?
Wedgwood to the spinning jenny
Jethro Tull to porcelain dishes
Colt to new marketing techniques
Watt to the steam engine
20
What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?
food processing
textiles
transportation
housing
21
Considering the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the lives of women:
Economic freedoms carried over to suffrage movement
Clung to traditional roles and would work in factories
Role & importance of women already in work force diminished
Unable to work with same output & effectiveness as men
22
What persuaded people to bathe regularly toward the middle of the eighteenth century?
New ideas about the benefits of bathing on good health
Physicians: bathing would allow miasma to infect the body
women:less time for housework,want to enjoy leisure pursuits
Linen versus wool meant wearers had to be cleaner
23
Frederick II’s invasion of Silesia offset the continental balance of power and ________.
sparked the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War
shattered the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction
led to the defeat of the Spanish trade monopoly
drew England into a war in North America
24
For girls that became servants, this work was generally ________.
considered demeaning
a welcome escape from the family
a career
a prelude to marriage
25
In the 18th century and thereafter, the Jewish population of Europe was concentrated in _____.
Poland, Lithuania,and Ukraine
Germany, Poland,and Hungary
Germany, Poland,and Ukraine
Hungary, Lithuania,and Germany
26
The first slaves traded in the transatlantic economy, in the 16th century, landed in _____.
North America in British Virginia
the coast of Dutch Guiana
the West Indies and South America
North America in Spanish Florida
27
In preindustrial Europe, the dominant concern of married women was ________.
producing enough farm goods to ensure adequate food supply
producing enough children
childrearing
domestic duties such as cooking, cleaning, & sewing
28
How did the North American colonies impact the Industrial Revolution?
Technologies from North America were introduced to Europe
They increased demand for consumer goods
Colonial gold caused inflation-crippled industrialization
They drew skilled workers away from Industrial Revolution
29
How were Jewish children singled out for persecution?
They could be taken from homes & given Christian instruction
They could not go to school
They were not permitted to follow their religious traditions
Their goods were confiscated2
30
British leadership in the Industrial Revolution is largely due to _________.
the influence of a handful of influential men
emigrants from Louis XIV’s France
favorable conditions
dominance of Ireland & Scotland
31
The single largest free-trade area in Europe during the eighteenth century was ________.
Italy
Spain
France
Great Britain
32
Due to a scarcity of labor, these nations were 1st to quickly turn to importing African slaves:
Holland & France
France & Spain
Spain & Portugal
Portugal and Holland
33
The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in________.
the West Indies
the lower Saint Lawrence River valley
the middle west
the Ohio River valley
34
In the 1700s,urban riots were generally ________.
radical & violent
led by immigrants
politically motivated
conservative and spontaneous
35
The aristocratic resurgence was a sign that the _________.
French Revolution would be bloody
Industrial Revolution was over
position of Europe’snobility was being challenged
aristocrats of Europe were no longer a political force
36
The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748,resulted in which of the following?
Prussia retained Silesia.
British power ended in southeastAsia.
Spain was defeated in North America.
France renewed Britain’s privilegefrom Treaty of Utrecht.
37
The rapid growth of capital cities between 1600 and 1750 was tied to what other development?
centralization of power
the Agricultural Revolution
colonization
industrialization
38
The economic basis of eighteenth-century life was ________.
regional trade
industry
international trade
land
39
For eighteenth-century Europeans rights were usually ________rights.
civil
personal property
community
individual
40
The price of Russian rulers’ concessions to the nobles of Russia was ________.
persistent harsh conditions for Russian serfs
the growing power of the Orthodox church
the end of serfdom
military weakness
41
The first engine using steam power was invented by ________.
Thomas Newcomen
Matthew Boulton
James Watt
John Wilkinson
42
What did the introduction of maize and the potato represent for Eastern Europe?
significantly more work for serfs
frequent crop failure
increase in agricultural taxes
a significant nutritional gain and agricultural change
43
Most Europeans in the 1700s took part in the _________economy.
factory
urban craft
family
commercial
44
The use of wet nurses was ________.
a sign of a neglectful mother
a luxury for wealthy women
an economic necessity for many women
the first step toward child abandonment
45
The philosophy of John Locke contributed to the rhetoric surrounding which war?
the War of the Austrian Succession
War of Jenkin's Ear
the American Revolution
the Seven Years' War
46
The leader of the brutally suppressed Russian rebellion in 1773 and 1775 was ________.
EmelyanPugachev
David Hume
Josiah Wedgwood
Robert Jacques Turgot
47
The Polish
szlachta
,compared to the English nobility, were ________.
less numerous
relatively weak
declining in power
much more powerful
48
Balance of power upset when Prussia’s King Frederick II seized Austrian province of ___.
Germany
Austria
Netherlands
Silesia
49
The Russian Charter of the Nobility was issued by ________.
Peter the Great
Empress Anna
Ivan IV
Catherine the Great
50
The
bourgeoisie
was the ________ class.
rural middle
urban elite
laboring
urban middle
51
Landlords considered Russian serfs to be ________.
an endless supply of tax revenue
priceless agricultural specialists
economic commodities
responsible professionals
52
Factory production of purely cotton fabric was made possible by the invention of the ________.
steam engine
spinning jenny
pulling-out system
waterframe
53
The War of Jenkins’s Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by ______.
Portugal
Russia
Spain
France
54
What were the effects of the Yorkshire Association Movement?
Parliament implemented a permanenteconomical reform.
George III made long-term bonds with the Houseof Commons.
Many people gained experience withpolitical protest.
The movement collapsed without effect.
55
The following was a clearly defined long-term result of the shift in female employment:
women’s wage-earning potential was valued
made little or no economic contribution to Europe’s economy
were closely involved the new tech in farming, trans.,& mfg.
work became associated with the home vs. where men worked.
56
During the 18th century, bread prices ________.
remained the same
fluctuated wildly
declined
slowly but steadily rose
57
The Industrial Revolution came first to ________.
Germany
Netherlands
France
Britain
58
Maria Theresa’s great achievement was ________.
the defeat of Frederick II
her granting of additional privileges to the nobility
preservation of Habsburg Empire as a major political power
the reconquest of Silesia
59
The
intendants
used by Charles III amounted to an expansion of _________.
slavery
the power of the creoles
royal power
sugar cultivation
60
The steam engine was revolutionary because it_________.
made transportation possible
provided a virtually unlimited source of power
replaced oil with petroleum as a fuel
removed the European dependence on fossil fuels
61
What inventor became famous for using an iron plow and planting wheat with a drill?
James Watt
Robert Bakewell
Charles Townsend
JethroTull
62
Economy of a household developed on farms, in artisans’ workshops, & in small merchants’ shops.
domestic
merchant
household
family
63
The Yorkshire Association Movement was started in England to ________.
reduce taxes
reform the government
abolish slavery
decrease involvement in foreign wars
64
In the 1700s, the middle classes were distinguished from the nobility by _________.
where the two groups lived
inherited privilege
involvement in commerce
wealth
65
What crop, more than any other increased the early demand for slave labor?
potatoes
cotton
tobacco
sugar
66
The following factor allowed European nations to exert influence/dominance over much of world:
cultural superiority
agricultural advances and population increases
technological superiority
religious convictions/spread of Christianity to new colonies
67
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in ________areas.
French
Portugese
British
Dutch
68
The largest single group in eighteenth-century cities was composed of ________.
clergy
unemployed
shopkeepers,artisans, and wage earners
merchants
69
The smallest, wealthiest, and best-defined aristocracy resided in ________.
Spain
Britain
Germany
France
70
The leader of the Yorkshire Association Movement was ________.
Lord North
William Pitt the Younger
Christopher Wyvil
John Wilkes
71
The term “Old Regime” has come to refer to the ________.
soc, pol, & eco relationships just prior to French Rev
gradual transition of monarchies to democracies & republics
eco policies that existed before the 18th C.Industrial Rev
soc & pol infrastructure that exist before Protestant Reform
72
Much credit for Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War should go to ________.
Robert Walpole
George III
William Pitt the Elder
Samuel Fox
73
Which of these is generally related to neolocalism?
early marriage
extended families
Protestantism
later marriage
74
Why did middle-class people show an increased interest in Wedgwood’s fine porcelain?
Wedgwood’s porcelain dishes were cheaper than other dishes
Wedgwood’s quality was very good
Middle-class people wanted to have something aristocracy had
Middle-class people began to do more entertaining