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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
It is better to be loved, than feared
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
2
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
3
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
provide order during a period of weak central governments
consolidate the political power of the region
4
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
5
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
established monotheistic religions
developed writing systems
emphasized social equality
had decentralized political structures
6
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
development of feudalism in Europe
7
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
democratic ideas
Latin language
silk cloth
Orthodox Christianity
8
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Age of Exploration
Middle Ages
9
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
decreasing importance of towns and cities
increase in influence of serfs
rise of nation-states
collapse of international trade
10
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
11
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italy was politically unified
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
12
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
the manor system and land ownership
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
absolute monarchies
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
13
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
social equality
peaceful territorial expansion
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
14
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
15
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European involvement in the Crusades
development of a European middle class
European renewal in learning
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
16
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
an increased interest in science and technology
a culture that accepted militarism
equality among Japanese citizens
peaceful relations with other nations
17
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
failure of other nations to become interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
18
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
expansion of world trade
establishment of the guild system
19
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
20
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
sites of early civilization
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
cities of origin for major religions
21
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
deep reverence and respect for nature
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
belief in one God
22
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
mysticism
humanism
individualism
23
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an adoption of Christianity
the many opportunities for social mobility
a decentralized government
an open democratic society
24
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Ionic
Corinthian
Gothic
25
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
decline of trade
fall of Rome
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
breakdown of central government
26
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
27
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
spices and silk
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
28
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
used a senate as the chief governing body
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
29
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Roman Catholic Church
elected parliaments
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
30
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
31
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
32
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Byzantine
Ottoman
Holy Roman
33
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
34
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
self-determination
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
35
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
36
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
classic Greek and Roman subjects
human scientific achievements
religious themes
materialism
37
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
38
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a poverty-stricken era
a time of colonial unrest
a golden age
a period of political chaos
39
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
direct democracy
practicing rituals to please the gods
equality among the social classes
mercantilism
40
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
41
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Religious reform was a major concern
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
The peasant class was instrumental in both
42
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
middle class merchants
warrior aristocrats
radical revolutionaries
peasant farmers
43
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
44
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
45
Humanism was
appreciation for the worth of the individual
a rejection of ancient civilizations
belief in the supremacy of the collective
embracing the separation of church and state
46
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
establish Christianity in W Europe
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
unite warring Arab peoples
47
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
48
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Locke
Voltaire
Montesquei
Machiavelli
49
The European feudal system represents a society based on
social class
accumulated wealth
political ability
educational achievement
50
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
manorialism
socialism
feudalism
free market
51
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
lived at peace with their neighbors
produced few cultural achievements
52
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
accessible by water
isolated from the rest of Europe
protected by mountains
53
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
eliminating warfare
providing social stability
fostering the growth of religion
encouraging formal education
54
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a strong force that divided many people
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
favored separation from secular government
55
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
56
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The African societies flourished at the same time
57
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
rigid social structure
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
belief in democracy
58
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
59
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
mercantalism
socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
manorialism
60
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
61
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
a means for the empire to expand its borders
62
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
63
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
64
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Mecca to Asia Minor
the Indus River to Spain
Senegal to India
Cairo to Tours
65
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
mercantilism and industrial expansion
war and constant invasion
prosperity and artistic creativty
feudalism and oppression
66
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
military power led to industrialization
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
67
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
68
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
69
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
feudalism
communism
socialism
manorialism
70
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
rejection of Christian teachings
limited social mobility
a thriving system of international trade
a strong central government
71
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Renaissance
Commercial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
72
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
73
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
North America and Europe
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
74
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
mercantilism
capitalism
manorialism
industrialism
75
One major result of the Crusades was the
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
long-term decrease in European trade
76
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
an absolutist gov't
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
77
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
soldiers and diplomats
missionaries and slave traders
merchants and pilgrims
bankers and explorers
78
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
introduction of new military
fall of Constantinople
outbreak of deadly diseases
rise of nation states
79
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
Islam
codified laws
agricultural communes
social and political equality
80
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the port city of Guangzhou
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
81
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
established absolutist governments
promoted peace and prosperity
82
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
a questioning spirit
universal suffrage/democracy
social mobility
racial diversity
83
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
84
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
constitutional monarchies
Communist regimes
feudal governments
centralized powers
85
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
86
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
received support from European colonial governments
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
developed self-sufficient economies
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
87
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
formation of cultural links with Europe
development of extensive trade
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
88
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
social kinship of the Ashanti people
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
military strategies of the Mali
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
89
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
wars btwn various native groups
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
90
Africa's geography is characterized by
a diverse topography
a lack of major river systems
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
91
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Japan and Tibet
Iran and Thailand
Russia and Iraq
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
92
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
93
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
94
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
gained overseas colonies
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
developed a representative government
promoted equality for women
95
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
96
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
the practices of the church led to classless society
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
97
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
98
The European feudal system was
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
controlled by a powerful middle class
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
99
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
100
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
consisted of hunters and gatherers
101
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
the production of raw materials and cash crops
isolationism
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
respect for the rights of the indigenous
102
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Aztec Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
103
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
growth of feudalism in Europe
decline in African slave trade
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
104
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
105
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
The Catholic Church was weakened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Feudalism strengthened
106
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
107
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Ottoman
Mongol
Byzantine
Hellenistic
108
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
restoration of the Byzantine empire
destruction of Muslim military power
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
109
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
110
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
self-sufficiency of the manor system
111
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
an increased demand of goods from the East
an adoption of Islam
the strengthening of the feudal system
increased European isolation
112
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Court systems were developed
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
113
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
adoption of democratic government
persecution of Jews and Christains
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
114
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
115
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
opposition to the Catholic Church
rejection of Spanish culture
growth of democratic forms of gov't
exploitation of people and resources
116
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
mercantilism
manorialism
entrepreneurship
feudalism
117
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the toleration of members of other cultures
the creation of democratic governments
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
a decrease in trade and commerce
118
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
increasing power of feudal lords