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Chapter 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 2
Chapter 2
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1
According to Vygotsky: skills, knowledge & concepts that the learner is
close to acquiring
but cannot yet master
operant conditioning
selective adaptation
guided participation
the zone of proximal development
2
Freud emphasized _____, whereas Erikson focused on _____.
instinct; sexual urges
sexual urges; family and culture
culture and society; instinct
cognition; unconscious processes
3
Which of these is the correct sequential order of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
4
Process by which genes for traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected over time to help the species thrive.
Reinforcement
Selective adaptation
Conditioning
Cognitive equilibrium
5
Pavlov's experiments with dogs that salivated when they heard a specific noise provide an example of _____.
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
6
In Piaget's theory of cognitive dev., when one experiences an imbalance that creates confusion they are experiencing
reinforcement
operant behavior
respondent behavior
cognitive disequilibrium
7
Within Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, each of the stages is characterized by a particular challenge or _.
developmental conflict
developmental crisis
conflict negotiation
crisis opposition
8
A _____ organizes facts and observations into patterns and a meaningful whole.
hypothesis
conclusion
development
theory
9
A consequence that increases the frequency or strength of a particular action is called a(n) _____.
condition
observation
reinforcement
punishment
10
A perspective that compares human thinking processes, to the input, programming, memory, and output of computer is
behaviorism
the information-processing theory
the social learning theory
the psychoanalytic theory
