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Exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Exam 2
Exam 2
61 terms
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StudBud Administration
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Covers consciousness, memory, and learning
Flashcards
61 cards
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1
REM sleep is called 'paradoxical sleep' because
we often sleep walk during this stage
the brain is active but the body is not
we spend less time in REM than the other stages
we aren't actually asleep
2
Changes at the synapse, including more connections that increase a neuron's firing potential
pruning
memory
long term potentiation
myelination
3
If the motor cortex is active, why don't we act out our dreams?
the motor cortex isn't active during dreams
the amygdala is blocking motor impulses
the brainstem blocks motor impulses
the hippocampus blocks motor impulses
4
After pairing a bell with food, the bell soon causes a dog to salivate. The bell becomes a(n)
unconditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus
conditioned response
conditioned stimulus
5
Salivating at the sight of a cheeseburger is an example of a(n)
neutral stimulus
conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
6
Answering short answer questions is an example of what type of measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
rehearsal
recall
7
Intrinsic motivation means we do something because
we are required to
we want to avoid punishment
we are interested in the task
we want to receive rewards
8
The Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 stage model of memory originally
did not
include
short-term memory
automatic processing
working memory
sensory memory
9
Compared to parallel processing, sequential processing is best for problems that are
especially difficult
well-learned
novel
unconscious
10
Which sleep stage gets longer as the night goes on?
NREM-1
NREM-3
REM
NREM-2
11
Negative reinforcement...
decreases behavior by taking away something positive
increases behavior by presenting something positive
increases behavior by taking away something negative
decreases behavior by presenting something negative
12
The tendency to recall best the items that come first in a list
primacy effect
recency effect
spacing effect
self-reference effect
13
Rapid bursts of rhythmic brain activity that occur during NREM-2
alpha waves
sleep spindles
hypnagogic sensations
delta waves
14
After using heroin for years, Jen needs more of the drug to get the desired effect.
tolerance
stimulant
depressant
withdrawal
15
Which of the following was added the the Atkinson & Shiffrin model?
long-term memory
Sensory memory
automatic processing
working memory
16
The tendency for a behavior to revert back to biologically predisposed patterns
instinctive drift
repondent behavior
latent learning
operant behavior
17
Infantile amnesia is thought to be due to a lack of ______ before 3 years old.
procedural
flashbulb
implicit
explicit
18
Another way to define the word 'conditioned' is
to be in good shape
rewarded
learned
unlearned
19
Halluncinations are most likely to occur right when we fall asleep during what sleep stage?
NREM-3
NREM-1
REM
NREM-2
20
Substance use disorder is characterized by
addiction
memory
withdrawal
tolerance
21
Unlike depressants, stimulants…
cause you to hallucinate
increase neural activity
are not addictive
decrease neural activity
22
The type of amnesia where a person forgets who they are and their past
retrograde
anterograde
proactive
retroactive
23
Lil Albert feared not only a white rat, but also a white rabbit and Santa. This is known as...
acquisition
generalization
discrimination
extinction
24
Our internal, 24-hour biological clock is known as
circadian rhythm
daily cycle
mammal rhythm
sleep cycle
25
The expectation of rewards/punishment highlights the importance of
cognitive processes in learning
automatic processes in learning
biological predispositions in learning
genetics in learning
26
Rewarding closer and closer approximations of a behavior is known as
extinction
shaping
acquisition
discrimination
27
The Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the role of _______ in learning
observation
rewards
punishment
genetics
28
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
unconditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus
operant stimulus
rewarding stimulus
29
Failure to see a gorilla walk across the screen while focusing on a ball is an example of
consciousness
blindsight
inattentional blindness
selective attention
30
Stimulants (ex. Nicotine) increase the release of what neurotransmitters
GABA
cortisol
norepinephrine, epinephrine
glutamate
31
Winning money on a slot machines is an example of what reinforcement schedule?
fixed ratio schedule
variable interval schedule
variable ratio schedule
fixed interval schedule
32
The type of memory that allows you to tell someone what you did over spring break?
episodic
semantic
implicit
procedural
33
Long-term potentiation is a(n)
an effect of sleep deprivation
a freudian term
decrease in neuron's firing potential
increase in neuron's firing potential
34
An example of a conditioned reinforcer is
sex
giving your dog a treat
water
saying "good boy" to your dog for behaving
35
During REM sleep, what structure prevents us from acting out our dreams
cerebellum
brainstem
frontal lobes
hippocampus
36
People win on slot machines after an unpredictable number of plays. This is an example of a
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
variable interval schedule of reinforcement
fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
37
Compared to an operant behavior that focuses on consequences, a respondent behavior
focuses on the target of the behavior
emphasizes rewards
focuses on associations
focuses on automatic responses to stimuli
38
Freud proposed that the symbolic content of a dream was known as the…
manifest content
latent content
memory
freudian slip
39
H.M. was unable to form new memories. What type of amnesia is this?
anterograde
proactive
retroactive
retrograde
40
According to the biopsychosocial model, using drugs to cope with depression would be a
socio-cultural influence
psychological influence
peer influence
biological influence
41
The brain waves related to when we are relaxed but awake, right before sleep
delta
spindles
alpha
beta
42
What concept suggests that if you study drunk, you should take the test drunk?
serial position effect
state-dependent memory
flashbulb memory
mood congruent memory
43
The type of learning where we associate two or more stimuli and anticipate events
modeling
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
44
Which reinforcement schedule produces slow, steady responding?
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
variable interval schedule of reinforcement
fixed interval schedulre of reinforcement
45
The idea that people are self-centered and remember things best that relate to them
self-reference effect
spacing effect
testing effect
massed practice
46
Organizing the numbers 5684532 into 568-4532 is an example of what memory strategy?
encoding specificity
hierarchies
mnemonics
chunking
47
The activation-synthesis theory of dreams proposes that dreams…
result from random neural activity
reflect our cognitive development
help us practice real-life scenarios
help us consolidate memories
48
Which of the following is not one of the three memory processes in the info processing model?
retrieval
encoding
recognition
storage
49
The idea that if you study drunk you'll recall info best when also drunk
context dependent memory
priming
flashbulb memory
state-dependent memory
50
Calling your current bf/gf by an ex's name is an example of
proactive interference
amnesia
self-reference interference
retroactive interference
51
Negative punishment…
decreases a behavior by presenting something negative
increases a behavior by presenting something positive
decreases a behavior by removing something positive
increases a behavior by removing something negative
52
Emotions serve as retrieval cues for what type of highly detailed memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
flashbulb memory
iconic memory
53
An example of how alcohol facilitates social boding is
feeling sleepy
feeling more wild
dancing on tables
drunk girl in the bathroom
54
When comparing memory to a computer, encoding is similar to
computer crash
writing or creating a file
saving a file on the hard drive
retrieving a file
55
When its dark, proteins in the eye signal the SCN to release _____, making us sleepy?
testosterone
cortisol
melatonin
insulin
56
This type of memory allows us to combine new info with info retrieved from long-term memory
iconic memory
short-term memory
working memory
sensory memory
57
In the Bobo Doll experiment, children demonstrated they could learn aggression through
operant conditioning
genetic predisposition
modeling
classical conditioning
58
Which theory proposed that dreams help us consolidate information into long-term memory?
cognitive development theory
activation-synthesis theory
information-processing theory
wish fulfillment theory
59
The type of neurons that are active when we watch others do something
facial neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
mirror neurons
60
Explicit memories are processed and stored in
hypothalamus
hippocampus
basal ganglia
frontal lobes
61
You get sick after eating spoiled chicken. Feeling sick when you see chicken is and example of
unconditioned response
conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
