stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Life Science Final Exam Review_Day 1 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Life Science Final Exam Review_Day 1
Life Science Final Exam Review_Day 1
37 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
49 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
37 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
37
Answers
1
Environmental changes that cause extinction occur on what time scale?
The are instantaneous
They can occur over shorter and longer time scales.
They are usually on the scale of a few years
They are always on the scale of hundred to thousands of years.
2
The relative age of something is _______________?
its age in relation to Earth
its age since it was discovered
its age in comparison to other things
its age since it died
3
What are the different forms of the same gene called?
Chromosomes
RNA
Alleles
DNA
4
How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
Variation between individuals is not required in artificial selection
There's no limiting factor affecting population in artificial selection.
Human choice is the selective factor in artificial selection
Genetic inheritance does not play a role in artificial selection
5
Which best describes the function of a vestigial structure?
Is has the same function as it had in ancient species
It is anew structure that did no exists in the ancestral species
It has a new function relative to its function in the ancestra species
It is a structure that no longer has any function.
6
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Genotype describes the alleles, phenotypes describe the genes
Phenotype is how wwe look, genotypes describe mutations
Phenotypes describe the genes, while gentype describes how it looks.
Genotype describes the phenotype, which is expressed as a physical feature
7
What is the difference between
heterozygous
&
homozygous
alleles?
Heterozygous is written as 2 capital ketters in a Punnett Square.
Homozygous is written as 1 capital + one lowercase letter in a Punnett Squr
Homozygous has 2 different alleles of a gene; heterozygous has the same two
Heterozygous has 2 different alleles of a gene; homozygous has the same two
8
What may a series of helpful variations in a species result in over time?
Adaptation
Competition
Selection
Fossils
9
What effect can mutation have on the traits of offspring?
Negative
All
Positive
None
10
A coloring or marking that helps an animal hide from a predator is called _________?
mimickry
camouflage
blending
symbiotic
11
DNA is made up of
nucleotides
, which consists of what molecules?
Four nitrogen bases: adenine, cytosine,uracil & guanine.
Three types of RNA: messenger, ribosomal, & transfer
A phosphate base, a sugar, and a gummy bear group.
A nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
12
What did Mendel conclude about inherited traits? (aka his simple model)
One factor controls each inherited trait
Two factors control each inherited trait.
Alleles control traits
Multiple factors control each inherited trait
13
What factor/s decides the start and end of each stage of the Geological Time Scale?
Each stage is set to be an equal number of years
Stages are based on how many periods are within an era
Stages are based on the temperature of each rock layer
Stages are based on differences observed in the layers of rocks & fossils
14
What does a naturalist study?
genes
animals and plants
nature of the universe
human nature
15
Scientists use molecular biology to determine how 2 species are related by comparing genes in one to genes in _________.
related species
Care Bear species
human species
Extinct species
16
Why do trace fossils provide so much information about how an organism lived?
Tracks can give scientists hints about an organism's lifestyle
Tracks can give scientists hints about the size of an organisms's pinky toe
Fossils leave evidence of what organisms ate
Fossils leave evidence about the shape of the organisms entire body
17
How old are the fossils in the lower layers of the rocks?
Between 520 - 545 myo
Between 440 - 480 myo
Less than 440m myo
More than 545 myo
18
A pink flower crossed with another pink flower produced 6 pink & 2 white flowers. What can you say about the parents?
The flower color shows incomplete dominance
The parents each had 2 alleles for the recessive white flower gene
The parents each had only alleles for the dominant pink flower.
The parents each had 1 dominant allele and one recessive allele
19
What is the order of the divisions of the Geologic Time Scale from longest to shortest?
Eons, eras, and periods
periods, eras, and eons
Eras, eons, and periods
periods, eons, eras
20
A plant has flowers with deep purple petals & others with white petals. If cross-pollinated, what color is codominant?
White
Deep purple
Spotted purple and white
Light purple
21
Natural Selection states organisms that are better adapted to the environment ________ than organisms that are not.
grow larger
are stronger
run faster
survive and reproduce at a greater rate
22
According to the diagram, when did the divergence among mammals take place?
75 million years ago
60 million years ago
Present day
25 million years ago
23
The chart shows that species B & C have the fewest amino acid differences. What does this say about their evolution?
They evolved at a faster rate than other species
They are more closely related than other species
They do not share a common ancestor with the other species
They share a developmental similarity not found in the the species
24
A dairy farm bred a true-breeding hairless cow + a true-breeding cow with hair. What word describes the
hairless
gene?
Homozygous
Hybrid
Dominant
Recessive
25
A nucleotide is to a chromosome as...
Words are to a paragraph
Food is to nutrition
People are to exercise
Music is to words
26
Studying
embryology
helps scientists understand what exactly?
how a species reproduces sexually
where organisms migrate during their lifetimes
how a species makes food through photosynthesis
the early stages of an organisms's growth
27
Given 45 white flowered & 135 yellow-flowered plants coming from the same parents, what is the ratio of white to yellow?
50:50
3:1
1:1
1:3
28
What do the arrows on the image represent?
Meteorite impacts
Evolution of a new species
Changes in Earth's tempertature
Extinction events
29
How do 2 species that evolved from a common ancestor compare?
They do not share any features
They are 50% alike
The share some features, not not all
They share all of their features
30
Eva has 2 flowering camellias; 1 red & 1 yellow. In spring, an orange-flowering plant grows. What does this represent?
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
31
What type of structure do the humerus of a cat and a human represent?
Embryological structures
Vestigial structures
Analogous structures
Homologous structures
32
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is a single strand of nitrogen bases, and ribose is its sugar.
RNA is made from a phosphate base, a sugar, and a nitrogen group.
DNA is made by translation, RNA is made by transcription.
DNA is a double helix-like a twisted ladder-RNA is a single straight ladder
33
Why do Scientists think the fossil record is incomplete?
All
Fossils decompose over time
Fossil fomation is rare
Only hard parts of organisms tend to form fossils
34
Which term describes an organism's genetic material?
Fertilization
DNA
Punnett Squares
RNA
35
Scientists compare DNA from living organisms to identify _______________?
a fossil's location
natural selection
relatedness between species
geographic isolation
36
Based on the figure showing the common ancestry of four species, which two would you expect to look least similar?
C and D
A and D
B and C
A and B
37
Which term best describes heredity?
The passing of traits from fathers to offspring.
The passing of traits from parent to offspring.
The study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring.
The study of how mutations in genes can be modified.
