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Graver AP Psych Final Review
Graver AP Psych Final Review
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1
People who are intrinsically motivated tend to
more eagerly look forward to rewards like paychecks
work harder and enjoy their work more
be less creative and less effective
work less and enjoy their work less
2
The __ surrounds the pupil
iris
rods and cones
cornea
retina
3
In Loftus' study of memory reconstruction, the major influence on recall was:
age and sex of the students
wording of questions the students were asked
length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident
number of pictures the students were shown of the accident
4
The diagram depicts the human body's
parasympathetic nervous system
immune system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
5
A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
conservation
sensitization
habituation
all of the above
6
Which terms refers to all mental activity associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering?
schema
prototype
syntax
cognition
7
Which of these correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship?
r = -.097
r = - .1998
r = +.41
r = +.091
8
Which is the correct order of information leaving the eye?
bipolar cells, rods/cones, ganglionic cells, optic nerves
ganglionic cells, bipolar cells,optic nerve, rods/cones
optic nerve, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells, rods/cones
rods/cones, bipolar cells, ganglionic cells, optic nerve
9
Signal detection theory states that __ can change according to expectations, motivation, etc
Webber's law
absolute threshold
difference thresholds
frequency theory
10
___ would relay the pain of a burned finger to your spinal cord and brain.
The somatic nervous system
The afferent neurons
The central nervous system
The efferent neurons
11
Psychologists who carefully study preschoolers in their home environments are using:
the survey
the single-blind study
experimentation
the case study
12
This picture shoes an experiment on the concept of:
conservation
fixation
egocentrism
theory of mind
13
The idea that intelligence can be measured by one number is:
multiple intelligence
analytical intelligence
general intelligence
savant syndrome
14
People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have
an affective disorder
a panic disorder
a phobia
a compulsion
15
Results of a correlational study in a psych lab might not be generalizable because:
in a correlational study, no variables are manipulated
only experimental studies apply to the general population
the sample isn't randomly chosen so it's not representative
lab environments are too artificial to get accurate results
16
Which of the following is true of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) SSRI)?
It is an antagonist for serotonin
It is an agonist for dopamine
It is an antagonist for dopamine
It is an agonist for serotonin
17
This refers to aspects of personality that are innate rather than learned.
temperament
attachment
aptitude
instinct
18
Rose is to flower as ___ is to ___
prototype; schema
accomodation; assimilation
concept; schema
schema; prototype
19
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the taste buds of the tongue
on the basilar membrane
in the nasal cavity
in the dermis
20
Applying grammatical rules where they do not apply is called:
Linguistic relativity
Mental Set
Language acquisition device
Overgeneralization
21
According to Freud, which part of personality resembles the idea of conscience?
Id
Libido
Ego
Superego
22
Which of the following is true about the blind-spot of the eye?
it is most apparent in low levels of illumination
It is stimulated by high levels of illumination
it is caused by an excess of bipolar cells in the retina
it occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye
23
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the:
Ear drum
Temporal lobe
Stereocilia
Ossicles
24
Your cat learns that the sound of a can opener means food. This is an example of:
latent learning
operant conditioning
observational conditioning
classical conditioning
25
The tendency to ignore information that contradicts your assumptions is:
confirmation bias
heuristic
hindsight bias
functional fixedness
26
The process by which group decisions may be distorted b/c different viewpoints aren't discussed
group polarization
social loafing
pluralistic ignorance
groupthink
27
Max lost the ability to feel pain in his left arm. There is most likely damage to what area?
Right parietal lobe
Right front lobe
Right temporal lobe
Right occipital lobe
28
Frequent waking during sleep due to cessations in breathing is:
insomnia
somnambulism
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
29
Parents who consistently demand their children's compliance without discussion are:
authoritarian parents
authoritative parents
neglectful parents
permissive parents
30
The entire group that is actively participating in a research study is called the:
population
sample
experimental group
single blind study group
31
The motor cortex is located in the:
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
somatosensory cortex
parietal lobe
32
In order for extinction to occur, the __ is omitted while the __ continues to be presented
UCS is omitted; CS is presented
UCR is omitted; CS is presented
UCR is omitted; NS is presented
CS is omitted; UCS is presented
33
Calling all 4 legged animals puppies is an example of:
mere-exposure effect
accomodation
cognitive dissonance
assimilation
34
In Ainsworth's study, an infant that is indifferent to mom's leaving or return is most likely:
insecure-resistantly attached
exhibiting disorganized attachment
insecure-avoidantly attached
securely attached
35
Which is the correct sequence of prenatal development?
zygote, embryo, fetus
embryo, zygote, fetus
embryo, fetus, zygote
fetus, zygote, embryo
36
There is a neg correlation b/w income and dental problems. Which conclusion is correct?
As income goes up, dental care needs go up
As income goes up the likelihood of dental problems decrease
As income increase, dental procedures become more affordable
Having higher income causes fewer dental problems
37
Which perspective focuses on the potential for human growth and self-actualization?
behavioral
humanistic
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
38
It may be hard to learn sounds that are not in your native language because of:
phonemes
semantics
morphemes
syntax
39
A drug that blocks reuptake is:
an agonist
all of the above
an antagonist
a neurotransmitter
40
The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body is called:
axon
soma
synapse
dendrite
41
Which of the following can reduce the affect of extraneous variable?
Large sample size
All are correct
Random selection
Random assignment
42
What can you tell me about this distribution curve?
The mean, median, and mode are all equal
68% of the sample scored between +/-1 standard deviation
The data has a very high outlier
The data has a very low outlier
43
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list is called:
semantic memory
self reference effect
flashbulb memory
serial positioning effect
44
A study that follows the same group of people over years or even decades is called:
a cross-sectional study
a standardized study
a longitudinal study
a correlational study
45
If you are spanked for taking off your seat belt as a toddler, your parents are using:
positive punishment
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
46
If you damaged this part of the brain you may have trouble breathing
thalamus
medulla
pons
cerebellum
47
Skinner studied ___ conditioning.
classical
operant
learned
observational
48
The tendency to group things in organized wholes instead of individual pieces:
mental set
opponent processing
gestalt
cognitive dissonance
49
The behavioral perspective emphasizedthe importance of:
thinking
genetics
learning
self-actualization
50
Erickson's theory says that __ is the crisis in adolescents
generativity vs stagnation
initiative vs guilt
intimacy vs isolation
identity vs role confusion
51
If you retake an IQ test and you keep scoring around the same low number, the test is apparently
reliable
an example of self-serving bias
skewed
valid
52
All sensory signals (except smell) pass through this before being routed to the cortex
sensory cortex
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
53
The ___ receives the placebo:
sample
control group
experimental group
popluation
54
What did Ancel Key's study?
Attachment
Hypnosis
Starvation
Obedience
55
Seligman studied ___
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Behaviorism
Learned helplessness
56
Which part of the neuron is represented by the number 1?
Terminal branch
Myelin sheath
Dendrite
Axon
57
Which of the following would be considered statistically significant?
p=.1
r=.03
p=.04
r=.5
58
The two word stage of language development typically begins at:
2 years
4 years
6 years
6 months
59
Egocentrism goes away:
once a child develops post-conventional morality
once a child develops theory of mind
once a child develops self-actualization
once a child develops a sense of self
60
When Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at at tone, the food was:
the conditioned stimulus
the unconditioned response
the conditioned response
the unconditioned stimulus
61
Explaining how much and how often your sample took a drug is called:
the random sample
the operational definition
the control group effect
the sample size
62
What did Asch study?
Bystander effect
Conformity
Stages of psychosocial development
The power of a psychiatric diagnosis
63
An evolutionary psychologist would explain the desire for social acceptance and interaction is
due to the need for individualism
due to the need for self-actualization
due to the need for achievement
due to the need for survival
64
Which part of the brain processes sound?
occipital lobe
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
65
Hormones are the ___ while neurotransmitters are to the ____.
nervous system; endocrine system
dendrites; synapses
endocrine system; nervous system
frontal lobe; temporal lobe
66
The autonomic nervous system is divided into:
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
somatic and central nervous system
central and peripheral nervous system
somatic and sympathetic nervous system
67
In a drug study, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is getting the real drug
randomly assigned study
placebo effect
double-blind study
controlled study
68
Tim spilled water on a letter and smeared a couple of words. He can still read it b/c of:
parallel processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
retinal disparity
69
The __ cells bind together to form the optic nerve
rods and cones
retina
ganglionic
bipolar
70
Which of the would most likely be used for an EEG?
to analyze sleep patterns
to see what part of the brain is functioning while speaking
to find a source of bleeding in the brain
to locate a brain tumor
71
A standardized test must have all the following EXCEPT
norms
multiple-choice questions
uniform instructions
reliability
72
Babies who could not be comforted when mom returned during Ainsworth's study were said to be:
disorganized
insecure-avoidant
secure
insecure resistant
73
Changing or creating a new schema is called:
funtional fixedness
representativeness heuristic
accomodation
assimilation
74
A dog bit Joe when he was 5. Now he believes all dogs bite. This is an example of:
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Explicit reasoning
Iconic reasoning
75
Surgical destruction of the frontal lobe is called:
hemispherectomy
plasticity
lobotomy
lobe-interence
76
Metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of:
PET
CAT
EEG
MRI
77
Hypotheses are:
predictions
replications
explanations
assumptions
78
Many more people believe that sharks are more dangerous than dogs because of:
representativeness heurisitc
algorithms
false belief phenomenon
availability heuristic
79
Which lobe of the brain is represented by the number 3?
Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
80
Most psychologists agree that this parenting style is the most effective and healthiest:
permissive
secure attachment
authoritative
authoritarian
81
Difficulty remembering recently learned material b/c past learned info is an example of:
proactive interference
repression
reconstruction
retroactive interference
82
This is the result of a:
CAT scan
PET scan
F-MRI
EEG
83
Sensation is to perception as ___ is to ___.
organization; accomodation
interpretation; organization
encoding; detection
detection; interpretation
84
Client-centered therapy tries to understand their client's view of the world. This is an ex. of
reflection
unconditional positive regard
empathy
congruence
85
If a student does well in college, but scored low on the SAT, the SAT may have low:
reliability
validity
aptitude
statistical signficance
86
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus turns into the:
conditioned response
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
87
Hypothesis: Drug x lowers cholesterol. What is the independent variable?
All of the above
Drug X
Amount of drug X taken and how often
Cholesterol Level
88
Neuroticism, openness, and extraversion are all:
traits in the Big 5
Psychosexual stages
symptoms of schizophrenia
protective factors against depression
89
Which of the following would explain PTSD as a result of irrational beliefs and ideas?
gestalt
evolutionary
cognitive
psychoanalytic
90
Which sleep stage gets longer as the night goes on?
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
REM
91
Which monocular depth cue is illustrated in the figure below?
relative size
interposition
texture gradient
linear perspective
92
The most common kind of encoding is:
priming
rehearsal
chunking
peg-word system
93
What is represented by the letter D?
terminal button
neurotransmitter
myelin sheath
dendrite
94
A behavioral psychologist is more likely to study:
genetic basis for schizophrenic disorders
formation of emotional attachments to significant others
effects of token economies on children with emotional issues
perceived locus of control of adults with panic attacks
95
Transduction for hearing occurs in the ___ while transduction for sight occurs in the ___
cochlea; retina
ear drum; pupil
ear canal; iriry s
auditory nerve; optic nerve
96
a period during which some crucial experience will have a peak effect on development / learning
language acquisition device
linguistic determinism
crucial span
critical period