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AP Euro Scientific Revolution Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Euro Scientific Revolution
AP Euro Scientific Revolution
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#APEURO #Spielvogel #ScientificRevolution #ModernScience
Flashcards
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1
Galileo wrote...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
The Starry Messenger.
Principia and Pensées.
a translation of the Bible in Italian.
2
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
deductive reasoning.
speculative reasoning.
triangulation.
inductive reasoning.
3
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
4
Newton's major work was...
Principia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Utopia.
5
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
6
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
7
The philosophy of René Descartes...
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
8
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Galen.
Vesalius.
Paracelsus.
Harvey.
9
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Two Natures.
Mind Over Matter.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Discourse on Method.
10
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
11
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
planetary motion.
inertia.
displacement.
universal mechanics.
12
The work of Blaise Pascal...
firmly rejected the teachings of Christianity.
prioritized reason over faith.
succeeded in uniting Christianity and science.
believed that reason had limitations.
13
For Spinoza, the failure to understand God led to...
false worship of nature.
a lack of moral judgment of others.
the establishment of divine right monarchies.
people using nature for their own self-interest.
14
Benedict de Spinoza...
rejected all forms of pantheistic belief.
believed humans were created separate from nature.
claimed that God was the universe not just the creator.
disagreed with the theory of a heliocentric universe.
15
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
16
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
17
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
five years of hard labor in prison.
to house arrest.
to be burned at the stake.
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
18
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
the moon orbits the sun.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
nothing can ever really be proven.
19
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
engineering, physics, and dentistry
surgery, biology, and astronomy
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
20
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as...
the pantheistic theory.
the geocentric conception.
the lunacentric conception.
the expanding universe.
21
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
began to receive recognition and training.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
22
When was this conception of the universe prevalent?
Roman Empire
Classical Greece
Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
23
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The epicycles.
The moon.
The earth.
The sun.
24
Who created this conception of the universe?
Copernicus
Aristotle
Galileo
Ptolemy
25
In his work "Pensées," Pascal...
attempt to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid
popularized the scientific method.
offered his thoughts on the heliocentric theory.
showed that science and religion were incompatible.
26
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Isaac Newton.
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Tycho Brahe.
Johannes Kepler.
27
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
the planets are made of earth-like material.
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the moon orbits around the earth.
the stars are immensely far away.
28
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
college departments for scientific study.
regularly published scientific journals.
29
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
herbal healing.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
30
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
31
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
mystical experiences.
incorporating the mind with the body.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
32
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Newton.
Galileo.
Copernicus.
Kepler.
33
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
replaced funding by the church.
was directed only towards pure research.
was common only in Italy.
became an international phenomenon.
34
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
35
Newton's world-machine...
created a new cosmology in largely a mechanistic terms.
indicated a rejection of the work of his predecessors.
impacted on the Western worldview until the 20th century.
suggested secrets of the world couldn't be known by study.
36
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
37
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
38
Scientist whose work led to the law that a volume of a gas varies with pressure upon it was...
William Harvey.
Antoine Lavoisier.
Robert Boyle.
Andreas Vesalius.
39
The French Academy differed from the English Royal Society in the former's...
focus on theoretical work in mechanics and astronomy.
absence of government support and control.
abundant government support and control.
publication of scientific journals.
