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Research Methods - Exam 1
Research Methods - Exam 1
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Exam 1 Quiz for Maxfield & Babbie text: Research Methods for CJ & Criminology. Chapters 1 through 3.
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Answers
1
Immunity as part of federal protection from legal action requires
a. researchers to testify in open court
confidential information to be revealed
researchers to prominently display all licenses
confidential information to be protected
2
When you repeat a study to see if you achieve similar results, you are doing
replication
too much work!
theoretical repetition
pattern following
3
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Education
Highest level of educational attainment
Type of degree
Work experience
Type of school
4
The procedures we go through to identify and measure variables is...
Attribute distribution
Operationalization
Empiricism
Generalization
5
Which of the following is NOT an example of a hypothesis?
males score higher in math than females.
why is the sky dark at night?
those who study daily will have the highest grades
poor kids have higher rates of delinquency than rich kids
6
When a policy change is being considered, the most appropriate study would be:
applicative
descriptive
explorative
explanatory
7
What kind of relationship does the hypothesis indicate?
negative
both
positive
neither
8
Which of the following is an example of subjectivity?
what was your score on your first research methods exam
did Judge Wilson have more mistrials than Judge Hughey
which rap singer do you like the best
how much tuition does your university charge
9
What are the two major types of applied research?
application and policy analysis
problem and policy analysis
evaluation and problem analysis
evaluation and policy analysis
10
What is the IV?
silence vs. TV
Textbook material
comprehension test
11
Which of the following cannot be studied scientifically?
changes in the number of elephants in the wild
physical attributes of humans
astronomy
the purpose of life
12
Research asking victims of crime about their experiences have the potential to cause
crime rates to increase
physical trauma to researcher
falsification of data
psychological harm
13
The concept of “observation” in the language of science means
looking at the world and making changes in what is seen
looking at the world and making value judgments
looking at the world and making measurements of what is seen
looking at the world through rose colored glasses
14
We live in a world of two realities known as:
experiential and assumed
expressed and agreement
expressed and assumed
experiential and agreement
15
What are three major aspects of the overall scientific enterprise?
theory, data analysis, funding
theory, data collection, data analysis
data collection, data analysis, funding
theory, data collection, selective observation
16
What kind of relationship does the hypothesis indicate?
both
neither
positive
negative
17
A promise of anonymityis unlikely to be extended in which of the following techniques?
use of department of corrections summary data
personal interviews
anonymity is really impossible in all forms of research
questionnaires that do not request identifying information
18
What type of research is this: Determine why people have different opinions on the same topic
descriptive
explanatory
applicative
explorative
19
Observation involves all of the following EXCEPT:
watching people and detailing what you see
statistical manipulation
interviewing people
conducting experiments
20
When reporting your findings, which of the following is not necessary for you to disclose?
any failures of your stud
who your subjects are and what city they live in
any negative finds
any negative finds
21
When the relationship between two variables is drawn from a theory,it is said to be:
a paradigm
a fact
a hypothesis
a mini theory
22
In an inductive approach to policy development, the final step is
analysis of situation
monitoring results
collecting data
systematic study
23
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Criminal behavior
probation status
frequency of illegal activity
arrest history
number of felonies
24
What type of research is this: Determine whether a new policy on underage drinking works
descriptive
explanatory
applicative
explorative
25
A structurethat is intended to representor model something about the world
a theory
a fact
a law
a paradigm
26
Which of the following represents voluntary participation?
giving small amounts of money to a subject
full disclosure of research purpose with informed consent
asking people on the street at noon to participate
using a class of studentsat the local college
27
Identify the IV.
relaxed/less irritable
afternoon
nap
28
Anonymity in a mailed survey would be especially important if the subject of that survey was
educational attainment
personal drug use
number of dependent children in the household
information about use of public transportation
29
Which of the following is NOT an example of a concept?
peer group
delinquency
social disorganization
indoor temperature
30
Patterns of causeand effect are ____________________in nature
scientific
probablistic
replicative
empirical
31
Identify the DV.
relaxed/less irritable
nap
afternoon
32
What is the DV?
comprehension test
silence vs. TV
Textbook material
33
Which of the following is NOT considered a specialpopulation?
prisoners
ethnic minorities
juveniles
mental patients
34
What kind of relationship: Number of dates go down the less frequently someone showers weekly
a fluke
inverse
negative
positive
35
Traditional beliefs about patrol effectiveness, response time, & detective work are examples of
known reality
assumed reality
experiential reality
agreement reality
36
Scientific inquiry in practice typically involves a relationship between:
hypotheses & methods
concepts & paradigms
theory & policy
deduction & induction
37
Characteristics or qualities that describe an object are known as:
attributes
variables
descriptions
objectives
38
Selective observation can be the result of
illogical reasoning
overgeneralization
ideology & politics
replication
39
When there is pressure to reach a general understanding, there is a tendency toward
overgeneralization
miscalculation
inaccurate observations
illogical reasoning
40
What is the IV?
academic potential
elementary school teachers
Parents' education level
41
All people are mortal, therefore Socrates is mortal is an example of which type of logic?
inductive
deductive
observation
hypothesis
42
What kind of relationship: The younger the puppy the more people rate it as "cute"
negative
inverse
a fluke
positive
43
What is the science of knowing?
methodology
modality
entomology
epistemology
44
Which of the following is accurate with respect to paradigms?
paradigms are ways of organizing our views
paradigms consist of groups of hypotheses
all statements are accurate
paradigms are hypotheses linked in a logical framework
45
Which type of research frequently involves the inductive method?
experiments
use of existing data like the UCR
surveys
field research
46
What type of research is this: Summarize a week of observations of your local police dept.
applicative
explorative
explanatory
descriptive
47
Identify the DV.
aggression
type of people
energy drinks
48
Hair color; blonde. Which of these is the attribute?
blonde
neither
both
hair color
49
Which of the following is most accurate?
theory and observation are not related
theory must always come before observation
observation must always come before theory
either theory or observation may come first
50
Much of the current social science research has moved from description to:
understanding
theory
exploration
explanation
51
Things we know from direct experience are a direct result of which type of reality?
experiential
expressed
agreement
assumed
52
Identify the IV.
watching in groups or alone
"funny" rating
cartoon
53
In social science, rather than focusing upon an individual, we look at whole groups known as
strata
attributes
aggregates
gangs
54
What kind of research is it: Research on a criminaljustice related policy
explanatory
exploratory
applied
descriptive
55
Criminal justice researchers have ethical obligations to
make shortcomings known to readers
colleagues in the scientific community
all of the above
report negative findings
56
Prediction can be made better by observation and remembering regular:
patterns
educated guesses
pasts
assumptions
57
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: socioeconomic status
criminal history
education level
receipt of government assistance (like Welfare)
economic class (like middle vs. upper)
58
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Race
Asian
Hispanic
Black
Italian
59
What is the IV?
social media
ability to verbally express themselves
time
60
(may have more than one answer!) Identify the attribute of the variable: Sex
Female
Male
Feminine
Boy
61
What is the DV?
Parents' education level
elementary school teachers
academic potential
62
Two pillars of science are:
research & development
logic & observation
logic & data
methods & discussion
63
Best example of the potential for inaccurate observations in the criminal justice system is:
state witnesses at an execution
police officers at a stake-out
correction officers watching potentially suicidal prisoner
eyewitness testimony
64
What type of research is this: Gather base line data, usually because of new technology or law
explanatory
descriptive
applicative
explorative
65
Relying on “truths” of our culture & accepting knowledge derived from the majority is called
myths
agreement
traditions
reality
66
Which of the following is an example of a variable?
social disorganization
crime
social class
annual family income
67
Values of the dependent variable depend on the:
dependent attribute
hypothesis
independent variable
independent attribute
68
Which of the following is necessary to establish informed consent of research subjects?
telling subjects the purpose of the research
telling subjects about the procedures that will be used
a. telling subjects the results of the research
telling subjects about the possible research risks
69
Which of the following is not a purpose of institutional review boards?
provide expert advice on the resolution of ethical dilemmas
a. to determinewhether adequate safeguards protect subjects
to make sure that grant money is spent appropriately
provide outside or third party judgments
70
Which of the following is generally recognized as an ethical procedure for subject selection?
assimilation
correlation
randomization
deception
71
Which statement is the most accurate?
harm to subjects is never appropriate
harm to subjects may occur if the benefits outweigh the harm
harm to subjects is never a real concern
harm to subjects is appropriate if it is only psychological
72
Stepping on a thorn for the first time and realizing that it is painful is an example of:
experiential reality
inaccurate observation
a nomothetic explanation
agreement reality
73
Which of the following constitute facts related to variables?
more broad than concepts
the empirical counterpart to a concept
cannot be observed
variables can only be one value
