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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
2
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
3
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
proactive interference
relearning effect
brain injury
4
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
5
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
6
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
7
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
8
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
convergence
9
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
10
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
11
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
latent learning
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
12
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
13
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
14
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
touch
sight
15
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
16
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
17
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
trait
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
18
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
19
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
20
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
21
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
22
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
23
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
assignment to conditions
24
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
25
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
normally distributed
modes
26
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
27
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
lithium
28
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
tolerance
29
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
30
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
31
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
32
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
social
dispositional
33
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
34
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
35
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
36
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
37
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
38
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
39
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
40
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
41
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
42
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
43
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
44
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
EEG
rTMS
45
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
46
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
47
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
48
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
49
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
50
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
51
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
amygdala
52
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
53
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
54
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
55
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
50
68
95
56
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
57
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
58
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
59
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
60
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
61
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
62
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
63
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
64
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
delta waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
65
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
66
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
67
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
68
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
69
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
70
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
71
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
72
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
73
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
74
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
75
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic
76
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
77
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
78
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
79
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
80
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
81
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
approach-avoidance
theory Y
82
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
83
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
84
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
85
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
86
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
87
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
88
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
89
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
90
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
91
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
92
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
93
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
94
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
95
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
Albert Bandura
96
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
97
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
98
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
99
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
100
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
101
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
projective
standardized
102
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
103
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
104
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
105
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
106
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
median
range
mean
107
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
108
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
109
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
110
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
rods
optic nerve
111
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
continuous
primary
secondary
112
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
case study
113
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
inferential statistics
114
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
fundamental
external
115
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
116
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
117
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
118
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
119
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
standard deviation
range
120
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
121
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
mid 30s
122
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
123
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
124
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
gestalt therapy
125
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
126
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
127
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
128
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
129
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
130
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
131
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
132
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
133
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
134
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
135
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
136
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
137
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
138
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
blind spot
iris
139
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
fixed variable
variable interval
continuous
140
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
touch
sight
141
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
142
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
143
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
144
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
145
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
146
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
environment
temperament
147
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
148
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
149
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
150
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
151
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
152
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
153
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
attachment
154
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
155
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
group polarization
156
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
157
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
158
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
159
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
160
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
161
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
162
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
163
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends